awarded by rss? who?
francis, Encyclopaedia Britannica, Ibn Battutah, Abul Fazl or Afghan historian Khondamir??
and what about the rvikz's post?? even that is rubbish...and who decides wots rubbish and wots not ?? you??....
Well in the same breath no killings took place in gujrat or kashmir...and all you read about it ......is plain RUBBISH!! happy!!
now iam relived from the burden of guilt i was carrying...ooufff
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I am not sure about the correct figure. But what Akbar did after conquering Chitod had been a tradition of Mongol armies. They slaughtered the entire population when the conquered cities resisted. Anyway you chose a very bad example, I have never admired Akbar or Mughals because our own people fought many wars against the Mughlas.
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who cares!!
but wot about your so called moslem brotherhood??
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What I told you about the Hindukush is the fact, I don't twist facts to support my points.
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why should i beleive it...its rubbish according to me...
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All kings and kaisers of this world did the smae thing what Mahmood did, why are you accusing only him?
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if they are as good or as bad as anyone else...wot are you all raving about tolerance and peaceloving aspects of moslem kings and khallifaah and blah blah blah...they were blood thirsty barbarrians who invaded lands for plundering it... right??
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Most of Pakistanis and Afghans were budhist before they converted to Islam.
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and before they embraced buddhism??
And why did they convert to islam...or were they forced to...
why i dont see buddhists converting to islam any longer...
and heres something about taxila university-
University (The world’s first university)
Takshashila (Taxila)
**Around 2700 years ago, as early as 700 BCE there existed a giant University at Takshashila, located in the northwest region of India.
Not only Indians but also students from as far as Babylonia, Greece, Syria, Arabia and China came to study.**
68 different streams of knowledge were on the syllabus.
Experienced masters taught a wide range of subjects.
Vedas, Language, Grammar, Philosophy, Medicine, Surgery, Archery, Politics, Warfare, Astronomy, Accounts, commerce, Futurology, Documentation, Occult, Music, Dance, The art of discovering hidden treasures, etc.
The minimum entrance age was 16 and there were 10,500 students.
The panel of Masters included renowned names like Kautilya, Panini, Jivak and Vishnu Sharma.
Taxila University
Takshashila, (later corrupted as Taxila),one of the topmost centers of education at that time in India became Chanakya’s breeding ground of acquiring knowledge in the practical and theoretical aspect. ** The teachers were highly knowledgeable who used to teach sons of kings. It is said that a certain teacher had 101 students and all of them were princes! The university at Taxila was well versed in teaching the subjects using the best of practical knowledge acquired by the teachers. The age of entering the university was sixteen. The branches of studies most sought after in around India ranged from law, medicine, warfare and other indigenous forms of learning. **The four Vedas, archery, hunting, elephant-lore and 18 arts were taught at the university of Taxila. So prominent was the place where Chanakya received his education that it goes to show the making of the genius. The very requirements of admission filtered out the outlawed and people with lesser credentials.
At a time when the Dark Ages were looming large, the existence of a university of Taxila’s grandeur really makes India stand apart way ahead of the European countries who struggled with ignorance and total information blackout. For the Indian subcontinent Taxila stood as a light house of higher knowledge and pride of India. In the present day world, Taxila is situated in Pakistan at a place called Rawalpindi. The university accommodated more than 10,000 students at a time. The university offered courses spanning a period of more than eight years. The students were admitted after graduating from their own countries. Aspiring students opted for elective subjects going for in depth studies in specialized branches of learning. After graduating from the university, the students are recognized as the best scholars in the subcontinent. It became a cultural heritage as time passed. Taxila was the junction where people of different origins mingled with each other and exchanged knowledge of their countries.
The university was famous as "Taxila" university, named after the city where it was situated. The king and rich people of the region used to donate lavishly for the development of the university. In the religious scriptures also, Taxila is mentioned as the place where the king of snakes, Vasuki selected Taxila for the dissemination of knowledge on earth.
** Here it would be essential to mention briefly the range of subjects taught in the university of Taxila. (1) Science, (2) Philosophy, (3) Ayurveda,(4) Grammar of various languages, (5) Mathematics, (6) Economics, (7)Astrology, (8) Geography, (9) Astronomy, (10) Surgical science,(11) Agricultural sciences, (12) Archery and Ancient and Modern Sciences.**
The university also used to conduct researches on various subjects.
So taxila university existed before buddhism, and had subjects like vedas, science etc... any idea, how a buddist university existed before buddhism...only pak history text books can invent something like this!!...
and shaiwaz the wise one beleives it....btw he also thinks buddhism was practiced during indus valley civilization....much before the birth of buddha....because he gets keyboard diahorria pronouncing hinduism.
what was practised in, what is now pakistan, before buddhism and islam??
[needless to say, buddhism is heavily lifted from its parent religion Hinduism. Only thing missing is the caste system....its like hinduism without castesystem...and so is jainism....]