Re: Return of Hazrat Isa A.S.
I would like to begin talking about 'Tawafi'
Thanks to psyah for pointing us to the root word ‘wafaa’ and many meanings as he tried to show us. If you look closely, basically, there are two meanings i.e., fully giving (that may be used in fulfilling an obligation, paying etc.) and fully taking. I am sorry to say but the dictionary that he referred to, added an additional word ‘up’ only to make the case of ascension of Jesus a valid and obvious one. There is no justification for this word here at all. Having said that I would say that my focus has been on the derivative ‘Tawaffi’ of a person by Allah (swt) in context to the verses on death or ascension of Jesus (as).
Here is a technical explanation that I got from one of our book. Its wording is highly technical and thick and I don’t think I can translate it well. So I am copying that statement as such.
“توفی باب تفعل کا مصدر ہے۔ سو قرآن کریم میں جہاں کہیں بھی اس کا کوی مشتق استعمال ہوا ہے جب اللہ تعالی یا ملاؑیکہ اس کا فاعل ہوں یا صیغہ مجہول ہو اور غایؑب مفعول اس کا انسان ہو تو سواےؑ قبضِ روح کے اور کوؑی معنی نہیں اور قبض روح بذریعہ موت ہے سواؑے اس مقام کے کہ جہاں لیل یا منام کا قرینہ موجود ہو تو وہاں قبض روح کو نیند ہی قرار دیا گیا ہےـ
So by default, if ‘Tawaffee’ is used for a person where Allah (swt) or angels are the ones doing the action then default meanings are “Qabz-e-Roh” and that is considered as death. Different meanings can only be taken if some additional information is available for instance, in the above verse, ‘Allah hu Yatawafa al-anfusa …’ is used with explicitly mentioning sleep and death. In the absence of such additional wording, default meaning will be taken and that is death. Quran is witness to this fact. Psyah asserted that ‘giving death’ is ‘poetic’ meaning. I would strongly disagree since ‘giving death’ is idiomatic translation (ba muhawara tarjama) not poetic. Quran has used this idiom many a times to denote death or taking soul which is considered to be death. Here are a few examples.
1) For our holy prophet (pbuh) in 10:46and 13:40
**
*010.046
*YUSUFALI:Whether We show thee (realised in thy life-time) some part of what We promise them,- or We take thy soul (to Our Mercy) (Before that),- in any case,to Us is their return: ultimately Allah is witness, to all that they do.
**PICKTHAL:Whether We let thee (O Muhammad) behold something of that which We promise themor (whether We) cause thee to die, still unto Us is their return, and Allah, moreover, is Witness over what they do.
SHAKIR:And if We show you something of what We threaten them with, or cause you to die, yet to Us is their return, and Allah is the bearer of witness to whatthey do.
013.040
**YUSUFALI:Whether We shall show thee (within thy life-time) part of what we promised themor take to ourselves thy soul (before it is all accomplished),- thy duty is to make (the Message) reach them: it is our part to call them to account.
**PICKTHAL:Whether We let thee see something of that which We have promised them, or make thee die (before its happening), thine is but conveyance (of the message). Ours the reckoning.
SHAKIR:And We will either let you see part of what We threaten them with or cause you to die, for only the delivery of the message is (incumbent) on you,while calling (them) to account is Our (business).
2) For Hazrat Yousaf (as)
012.101YUSUFALI:"O my Lord! Thou hast indeed bestowed on me some power, and taught me something of the interpretation of dreams and events,- O Thou Creator of the heavens and the earth! Thou art my Protector in this world and in the Hereafter. Take Thou my soul (at death) as one submitting to Thy will (as a Muslim), and unite me with the righteous."
PICKTHAL:O my Lord! Thou hast given me (something) of sovereignty and hast taught me(something) of the interpretation of events - Creator of the heavens and theearth! Thou art my Protecting Guardian in the world and the Hereafter. Makeme to die muslim (unto Thee), and join me to the righteous.
SHAKIR:My Lord! Thou hast given me of the kingdom and taught me of the interpretationof sayings: Originator of the heavens and the earth! Thou art my guardian inthis world and the hereafter; make me die a muslim and join me with thegood.
3) The sorcerers after believing inMoses (as) and his message
007.126
**YUSUFALI:"But thou dost wreak thy vengeance on us simply because we believed in the Signs of our Lord when they reached us! Our Lord! pour out on us patience and constancy, and take our souls unto thee as Muslims (who bow to thy will)!
**PICKTHAL:Thou takest vengeance on us only for as much as we believed the tokens of ourLord when they came unto us. Our Lord! Vouchsafe unto us steadfastness and make us die as men who have surrendered (unto Thee).
SHAKIR:And you do not take revenge on us except because we have believed in the communications of our Lord when they came to us! Our Lord: Pour out upon us patience and cause us to die in submission.
2) Another Example
010.104) **YUSUFALI:Say: "O ye men! If ye are in doubt as to my religion, (behold!) I worship not what ye worship, other than Allah! But I worship Allah - Who will take your souls (at death): I am commanded to be (in the ranks) of theBelievers,
**PICKTHAL:Say (O Muhammad): O mankind! If ye are in doubt of my religion, then (knowthat) I worship not those whom ye worship instead of Allah, but I worship Allah Who causeth you to die, and I have been commanded to be of the believers.
SHAKIR:Say: O people! if you are in doubt as to my religion, then (know that) I do notserve those whom you serve besides Allah but I do serve Allah, Who will cause you to die, and I am commanded that I should be of the believers.
Other examples are 2:234, 2:240, 3:193, 4:97, 7:37, 22:5,47:27 and many others. Quran is replete with examples where derivatives of ‘Tawaffi’ has been used to denote death and nowhere as taking fully up with body.
As far as I know there are two examples where ‘tawaffi’ has been employed to mean other than death i.e.,
*[6: 60] It is he, who takes you by night
* Here sleep is implied but for this purpose a supporting word ‘Lail’ (night) is used.
[39:42] God takes the spirits at the time of the death of (the souls), and in their sleep those(of the ones) that have not died
In the same verse, two form of ‘Tawaffi’ has been mentioned for death and sleep and for both cases explicit wording is there for differentiation i.e., ‘Mautiha’ (their death) and ‘Manamiha’ (their sleep)
So whenever ‘tawaffi’ based words are used for a person where Allah or Malaika are ‘Fa-il’ without any supporting word or words that provide additional information, Death is the default meaning always.
So the verses where Tawafee of Jesus (as) is mentioned, there mustbe some supporting words like ‘heaven/sky’ or ‘up’ or ‘bodily’ or ‘alive’ etc to shift the meaning from the default one i.e., death. FYI, no supporting words have been used in either verse. If you say that ‘rafa’ has been mentioned then it should be clear that ‘rafa’ of a person by Allah towards Allah is always translated as exaltation of status as I mentioned numerous examples for this.
*Conclusion:
*
1) Default meaning of 'Tawaffi' for a person is death and it is an idiom not poetry
2) Only two forms of 'Tawaffi' is mentioned in the holy Quran i.e., Death and Sleep
3) There is no legit basis to assume that 'Tawaffi' means 'taking alive up with body'