Re: Pakistani Identity?
@paris its amazing to see you as a frence can speak urdu 
i am really impressed that some gori can speak in our language 
maybe not perfect same as i can,t speak english but atleast the other person can understand what you mean.
Re: Pakistani Identity?
LastOfTheDinosaurs,
You are wrong to claim Indus Valley Civilization as a "dead" Civilization. I already gave references from leading archeologists (Mark Kenoyer, etc.) on the continuity of Harappans in my previous post. The ancestoral claim is very valid based on genetic, cultural, and geographical evidence.
I would like to quote the following on the Harappan continuity: "The Chinese civilization is said to be the only civilization in continuity since 6,000 years. But some of the historians are of the view that the Indus civilization is also in continuity. Gregory L Possehl in his book 'Ancient cities of the Indus' writes that 'the first point to be emphasized is that the problem seems not to be best stated as the 'end' of a civilization, at least in the sense of a tradition, since there are abundant signs of cultural continuity in Sindh, the Punjab and adjacent areas.' Robert L Raikes in his essay 'the end of the ancient cities of the Indus' compares the Indus civilization with the European civilization. He says: 'it is as if the material culture of France had remained unchanged in its minutia from the time of Charlemagne to the French Revolution, or that of England from before the Norman Conquest until the Industrial Revolution'. Similarly, from 3000 BC till today the people of Indus are witness to the centuries-old heritage."
How much affiliated did the non-Persian population of Iran feel about the Persic Civilization, or how much did the non-Mandarin Chinese (Tibetans, Mongolians, Uigurs, Cantonese, etc) feel about the Sinic Civilization? And tell me how "alive" or "memorized" were many of the other ancient civilizations? I mean Guatemalans are known as the descendents of Mayan Civilization, Iraqis are known as the partial descendents of Sumerian Civilization, and so on and on ... yet these forgotten civilizations were excavated not too long ago. In fact much of the ancient civilizations were not known until the Europeans (from the colonialist era) started excavating, learning/studying, and telling the world about them. It was then that modern history as a science really took its final shape. And it was also starting then that ancient civilizations (forgotten included) were linked to present day peoples/countries giving birth to the modern concept of nationalism. National identity is some thing that is constructed and these ancient links/heritages are a potent force in its engineering.
Pakistan as a geo-political entity/name might have been created in 1947, but its land and people have a history since time-immemorial. Most of the present-day countries are recent creations including many of its names. Present-day Egypt was created in the early 1900s AD, and before that it was part of Turkish Ottoman Empire and others for centuries, not to mention the Arabization of its people (by the way, ancient Egyptians did not call themselves by the term Egyptian). Present-day Greece was created in the early 1800s AD and ancient Greeks never called themselves Greek. Present-day Iraq was created in the early 1900s AD and ancient Mespotomanians never called themselves Iraqis. The examples are endless. Most of these and other civilizations were by large forgotten (or as you say "dead") by its descendents until the era of European colonialism. Nevertheless, just like there is continuity between ancient Harappans and Pakistanis, so is the case between ancient Mesopotamians and Iraqis, ancient Helles and Greeks, etc. And with the creation of these countries their national identity was engineered with great emphasis on their newly rediscovered/studied ancient heritages/histories. All ancient civilizations evolve based on their environment (natural causes/ invasions/migrations /politico-economics /etc), this is a slow process in phases (historical periods). A culture/people might change with time, but it always carries many elements of its past.
As for why did Pakistan's common history did not create a single culture/language /ethnicity... Same question applies to the multi-ethnic countries of Iran, Afghanistan, etc. Anyway, thats because although the ethnic groups of Pakistan have a common origin and history, in the past few centuries their unique political and socio-economic factors gave them a certain degree of evolution into its own "sub-culture" ("ethnicity"). For example, Punjab and Sindh were ethnically the same (with varying dialects) up until the Arab conquest of Sindh (which then also included Multan/etc). Both lands divided with its own govt/kingdoms /environments, after a few centuries they slowly evolved into their own language/culture/etc. And similarly later when northern Sindhis (Multanis/etc) were influenced by the neighboring newly evolved Punjabi ethnicity they themselves evolved to the Seraiki ethnicity. Nevertheless, the ethnic groups of Pakistan are sub-branches of a common proto-ethnicity. That explains why Pakistan's ethnic groups are linguistically Indo-Iranian, racially mostly Caucasoid, etc. It also explains why recent genetic studies proves that the different major ethnic groups of Pakistan are not that different from each other. It also explains why much of the culture is shared by the ethnic groups such as the dress of shalwar kamiz, many foods, much of the arts/handicrafts, many musical instruments, many similar words, many of the values/customs, etc.
Now we know that Pakistan is a federation of Punjabis, Sindhis, Pashtuns, Balochis, etc. so why not make that federation stronger by emphasizing on their commonalities which are very significant with respect to their history, linguistics, race, religion, geography, and culture. Differences should be respected (anyway differences can be found within the same ethnic group) but denial of the commonalities is simply wrong. By the way, emphasizing on the commonalities is vital to building a strong national identity, however, this cannot be achieved without a fair/equitable system in the country. That is to say, eliminating Urdu as Pakistan's national language, protecting native cultures/language, fair/equitable distribution of resources, democracy & education, and religious/social freedoms are essential for Pakistan's long term survival.
Oh and, Gandhara province's eastern limit was around Taxila in the Punjab, however, traces of Gandharan Civilization can be found all over Pakistan and beyond. Its center of gravity was the Indus river and its tributaries. Yes I said tributaries.
Re: Pakistani Identity?
And you just proved you french are dumb with that logic? Im not being racist, Im just trying to point out the obvious, you can hardly speak the language, and you consider yourself very 'good' at it, and think you have reached the level where you can go about making statements about the language being similar to Hindi.
Re: Pakistani Identity?
sorry i don’t speak urdu i speak a little broken hindi. (i had the urdu part of my signature translated from hindi to urdu by kind karachite guppies when i was in pakistan)
spok: i’m not good at the language, but i have not been brainwashed about urdu/hindi differences in paki schools/ by paki parents
Re: Pakistani Identity?
How? Where and when did you learn Hindi? Did you take classes? Although Hindi speakers are 2nd largest in India (more than half of India speaks the language) and language is very similar to Urdu- infact the blend of Urdu and Hindi- Hindustani is more popular, the ppl at this forum strongly beg to differ.. they dont want to associate themselves with anything Indian.. shortly after coming to states I stayed with a Pakistani elder who comes from Lahore too.. He used to watch every Bollywood movie but refuses even till date he has watched even one... :D It was funny as I was the witness but he would say, kids brought it.. lol. I have seen that hatred for India/Hindoo has/had been growing among Pakistanis despite the fact that ours is NOT the generation which witnessed 1947 massacre, painful partition, influx of miilions of refugees from India, trains full of corpses coming from India on a regular basis and 3 major wars we fought with them. No one wants to agree that Delhi and Lahore are very similar :D
Re: Pakistani Identity?
books and bollywood:halo:, but my level is stil low cause i started not long ago and i’m not very regular:D
i also have books on urdu, but urdu is more difficult than hindi words, so i know more hindi than urdu complex persian phrase with -e-*
Re: Pakistani Identity?
You are wrong to claim Indus Valley Civilization as a "dead" Civilization. I already gave references from leading archeologists (Mark Kenoyer, etc.) on the continuity of Harappans in my previous post. The ancestoral claim is very valid based on genetic, cultural, and geographical evidence....
That is the opinion of only one or two historians based on a few relics from the dead civilization and some speculative archeology. And the opinion doesn't imply that the cultures of Punjabis and Sindhis have in crux been derived from Indus Valley Civilization, few traces in the cultural practices of (not only) Sindhis and Punjabis, and (but also) the inhabitants of northern India, however nothwithstanding.
Cultural continuity is that in which culture and feelings/consciousness of unity are "live" (socially, through formal and informal means/meduims) transmitted from ancestors to descendents (father to sons in each successive generation) in folk-lore, traditions, music, architecture, literature, poetry, religious rituals, social institutions and practices, language, race and ethnicity. It is because of this transmission of culture between successive generations without any gap that the Chinese (Sinic) Civilization is considered a geopolitical, cultural, and civilizational continuity and Hindustani Civilization a culturo-civilizational continuity (because its geopolitical continuity was disrupted again and again by foreign invasions and dominations).
If one claims Sindhi and Punjabi cultures to be successors of Indus Vallery Civilization, one should also be able to descern the various influences from the Ideological and Symbolic Culture of Indus Valley Civilization e.g. metaphyical views, notions, and beliefs, and religious rituals or language(s) inherited by Punjabis and Sindhis. In fact, nothing substantial and tangible from that civilization can be identified with certainty to have been inherited by Punjabis and Sindhis.
One should also note that since 1700 BC, when Indus Valley Civilization disappeared from the face of earth,, the subcontinent has witnessed gigantic invasions and clash of foreign hordes, begginning with Aryans, and coming to an end with Turks and Afghans. These hordes didn't just stop at Punjab and Sindh. They rather marched onto Central and South Hindustan. It is logical to assume that they adopted influences from the dead civilization, which they spread not only over Sindh and Punjab but also the whole of the northern India and a substantial part of southern India.
Moreover, what happened to the Indus Valley people? Why do we assume that they were not dispersed?
Important is also the question what was the extent of geographical area on which this civilization flourished and spread?
One should also not forget that the formative phases of Vedic Ideology and Culture were completed in Punjab and part of Afghanistan. In Hindu Holy Scriptures, there is reference to Koba and Gomati (River Kabul and Gomal). So if any religious influence of the dead civilization was adopted, Hindus have more valid claim that Vedic Civilization is the successor to Indus Valley Civilization.. Most probably, the religion of Indus Valley people was not monotheistic but rather polytheistic.
One should also note that Punjabis and Sindhis converted to Islam only recently.
Punjabis probably converted during the period from 14th to 16th Century and Sindhis also approximately at the same time. From 1700 BC till their conversion to the new faith, Punjabis and Sindhis remained part and parcel of Vedic Culture and Society/Civilization. Even Islam didn't entirely replace the old culture; it added just one thin layer over the core culture of Punjabis and Sindhis.
One should also not ignore that the commanilities between Indo-Aryans of Pakistan (Punjabis+ Sindhis + Muhajirs) and people of north-western India are more real, substantial, visible, tangible, contemporary (what exists on the ground, we see, experience, and observe), and greater in number than the speculated/rumoured commonalities/links between Indo-Aryans of Pakistan and the ancient Indus Valley People.
Why do we ignore the fact that Sindhi, Punjabi, and Urdu-Hindi are all Indo-Aryan languages and people having intimate affinity and except for relgious beliefs and rituals, they share every other thing wether part of material culture or social culture with north-west Indians. Even subtle religious influences like Basant are shared with north Indians.
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How much affiliated did the non-Persian population of Iran feel about the Persic Civilization, or how much did the non-Mandarin Chinese (Tibetans, Mongolians, Uigurs, Cantonese, etc) feel about the Sinic Civilization? And tell me how "alive" or "memorized" were many of the other ancient civilizations? I mean Guatemalans....
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If you are laying claim to the dead Indus Valley Civilization just beacuse it flourished within the geopolitical confines of Pakistan, that is ok but claiming "national" continuity and distinct cultural existence on that basis will be baseless.
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National identity is some thing that is constructed and these ancient links/heritages are a potent force in its engineering.
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What for....authoritarianism, military dictatorship, cultural extermination, imposition of Hindustani Culture in the name of Islam, plundering of resources, massacre and rape of Bangalis, uneven development and distribution of power and resources, what for?
What will happen If I give up my ancient identity and develop a new identity? Will I become a superhuman? Is it a divine will? And the rationale of this new identity too should I accept on very weak and flimsy grounds?
Today Sindhis are economically, culturally, politically, and demographically a marginalized community due to the partition and subsequent domination by other groups...So far Baluchis were culturally, politically, and economically marginalized...Tommorrow, they will be demographically marginalized, rather endangered, too (Banglis were also marginalized), Pashtuns are also politically, culturally, and economically marginalized...These 60 years are enough testimony to the fact that these communities lost a lot...
Until Pakistan adopts a real and genuine federal structure with substancial autonomy to units, there is no need of a new identity...
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Pakistan as a geo-political entity/name might have been created in 1947, but its land and people have a history since time-immemorial.
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Every ethnicity has a long history and a complete culture distinct from other ethnicities; there is no common culture, language, set of values, and history that would bind people together except religion which is not a stromg and Pakistan-specific/exclusive binding force.
Geopolitically, immediately before colonialism by the British, Sindhis, Pashtuns/Afghans, Baluchis, and Punjabis separately enjoyed sovereignty under Talpurs, Durranis, Khan of Qalat, and Sikhs. There are no memories of shared existence/living before 1947 and after 1947, these memories are very bitter (at least not "sweet").
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Most of the present-day countries are recent creations including many of its names. Present-day Egypt was created in the early 1900s AD, and before that it was part of Turkish Ottoman Empire and others for centuries, not to mention the Arabization of its people (by the way, ancient Egyptians did not call themselves by the term Egyptian). ....
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Most of the countries you mentioned have been colonially demarcated (with ethnic and cultural boundries not coinciding with geographical frontiers) by British to further their colonial interests.
And that is the main source of clash, instability, oligarchic-dynastic and dictatorial rule, domination of the civic societity by military, birth and growth and expansion of radical religious ideologies posing great threat to civic and ideological freedom of the wider world, peripheralization/marginalization of minority communities/cultural groups, and ethnic and political fault-lines, etc.
Naturally, in the absence of natural identities, emphasis will be placed on irrational and artificial identities.
Also some of the countries you've mentined have sufficient dgree of cultural cohesion. Egypt has a common language since conquest by Arabs. It dervies its sense of identity from a common language, culture, and geopolotical history and not Egyptian Civilization (too distant in the past to give people shared memories of collective living). So is true of Greece also.
As for Iraq, Kurds are actively struggling for an independent Kurdistan, although for almost 100 years, the Arab regime of Iraq tried to Arabize them.. And soon they may get it. In Iran also, Kurds and Baluchis (both though Iranic and speaking language very close to Persian), have retained their identities and are running active movements for their rights.
In Afghanistan, Tajaks, Uzbaks, and Hazaras are autonomous in their respective regions after 9/11. One cannot predict the future but this trend will further intensify. Many states in the Middle East and Central-South Asia have boundaries colonially drawn and so are sources of instability.
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As for why did Pakistan's common history did not create a single culture/language /ethnicity...
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Pakistan doesn't have a common cultural history.
Had it a long independent past, there would've been a common language and culture and there wouldn't have been the need for importing Urdu-Hindi to bind people together. Culturally, Pakistan is one of the most incohesive country. Even Afghanistan is better than us in this regard. Whatever its racial diversity, there are two dominant languages, Persian and Pashto, both home-born and home-grown. Morever, their material, ideological, and social cultures have a lot of commonalities. Even then unity of Afghanistan cannot be predicted.
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... thats because although the ethnic groups of Pakistan have a common origin and history, ...
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This is wrong and unscientific to say. The mistake you are commiting is that while merging subgroups into supergroups on the basis of Indo-Iranian orign in quest for a common identity, you bypass the intermediate super-grouping. So what happens is that the huge differences and distinctions are ignored and only very few and insignificant commonalities are taken into account and highlighted.
For example, the supergroup "living objects" can be divided into two subgroups "animals" and "plants". Animals can be further subgrouped into "huamns" and "non-human animals". And humans can be further subgrouped into "male humans" and "female humans".
What you are doing is while re-grouping the subgroups, you put "male humans" with "plants" claiming that both have a common origin. Obviously, "male humans" and "plants" have very few commonalities but inumerable and colossal contradictions. "Male Humans" should first be grouped with "female humans" into the supergroup "humans" and then "humans" with "non-human animals" into "animal".
Likewise Iranic people should be grouped first with Iranic people and "Vedic" people with Vedic people becuase their commonalities are too numerous and significant and differences only few and insignificant. Even between Iranic or Vedic people, only a political union, enshrined in a constitution, is possible and not cultural union.
Pashtus should be first grouped with Afghans and Baluchis with Irani and Afghani Baluchis if grouping is to be stable, logical, and durable.
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in the past few centuries their unique political and socio-economic factors gave them a certain degree of evolution into its own "sub-culture" ("ethnicity").
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Punjabi and Sindhi "subcultures" would be inappropriate terms to use. They are complete and distinct cultures now whatever the sitaution might have been in the past. We should be pragmatic.
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It also explains why recent genetic studies proves that the different major ethnic groups of Pakistan are not that different from each other.
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How representative were the samples? Champanzaes and Humans have difference in a very small %ge of genes, still they are different. But genes are not the only important thing in defining nationhoods and identities. Important things for unity are language, culture, values, history, etc.
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It also explains why much of the culture is shared by the ethnic groups such as the dress of shalwar kamiz, many foods, much of the arts/handicrafts, many musical instruments, many similar words, many of the values/customs, etc.
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Dress is different. In the northern and western regions of Pakistan, people wear "shalwar Kamees" and in south-eastern region, the main dress is "dhoti" or "Kurta Pyjama" and "Sari".
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Now we know that Pakistan is a federation of Punjabis, Sindhis, Pashtuns, Balochis, etc.
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Theoritically it is federation but practically it is not. Practically, it has a unitary system of the worst type.
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however, this cannot be achieved without a fair/equitable system in the country. That is to say, eliminating Urdu as Pakistan's national language, protecting native cultures/language, fair/equitable distribution of resources, democracy & education, and religious/social freedoms are essential for Pakistan's long term survival.
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That I agree with.
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. Its center of gravity was the Indus river and its tributaries. Yes I said tributaries.
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The center of gravity of Gandhara Civilization was Peshawar Valley, in the area sorrounding River Kabul i.e. Pukhkalwati (Charssadda, Purshapura (Peshawar), Saustus (Swat), Nangarhar, etc.
Peshawar Valley is distinct from Indus Valley. It is watered by River Kabul not Indus. If course of rivers and oceans is taken to be the base for nationhood, then all countries on the rim of Indian ocean should be merged into one nation.
Re: Pakistani Identity?
LTD I really appreciate your wisdom about Pakistani and Afghan history. I mean the way you spread $hite against my country is really awful Kabuli Kommie ploy.
I have said already that this thread is not about Pakistani ID, it is rather a lame effort by Kabulis to throw "Koora Kirkit" (garbage) on Pakistan.
Oh well! Seems like these Kabulis are used to living on heaps of Koora Kirkit. I see all these Kabuli kids collecting rubbish form around the city.
Then guppies like our Ms. Paris says why there is so much hate against Kabulis. Heck you guys send us love and we'll return the favor 10 times bigger.
Unfortunately what we get from these Kabulis are these cheap, sewer-rat attacks. And guess what! we still feed you, and clothe you. Just namak haraams, Just namak harams. Look at this Karazai. He survived Rusikie war how? By living in Pakistan. What does he do when he becomes Mayor of Kabul? He sends $hite just like the kabuli kommie Koora Kirkit on this board.
Re: Pakistani Identity?
:k: brilliant post! shabash
Re: Pakistani Identity?
hallo people noby waers sari .are you out of your mind since when did pakistanis women started wearing sarees,it is a hindu thing not islamic ,does some body want to see his wife or sister half naked?only people who say pakistan and india are same are people who often watch bollywood crap.
Re: Pakistani Identity?
^they know more about our costums then we pakistanis our self,morons.
Re: Pakistani Identity?
You cannot deny the fact that in rural Punjab and Sindh, 60% of the population of these provinces, the main dress is "Dhoti" and "kurtha", the same dress as in Eastern Punjab/north-western India. In cities, though, they have started wearing trouser-shirt and shalwar-kamees. If anyone has any doubt, he/she should visit interior Punjab and Sindh.
"Kurta Pyjama" and "Sari" are the dress of Karachite...womenfolk wear sari and men "Kurta Pyjama". UP, CP, etc. of India have the same dress.
"Shalwar-Kamees" is the dress of the entire NWFP, Baluchistan, Northern Areas, FATA, and Attock and Mianwali districts of Punjab (people of these two districts have links with NWFP).
Re: Pakistani Identity?
He is laugh a minute. Dhoti’s and sari’s in Punjab and Sindh 
In Iran his kind i.e. Afghans are made fun of, because of their pitiful customs and idea’s.
Re: Pakistani Identity?
funny hey these gay afghans wanna help us to find out what our identity is …o yeh i have heard a lot of iranians complain that afghans don,t take a bath, is it true? coz in pakistan we have the same problem:D .
Re: Pakistani Identity?
It is an academic discussion. Don't be loose-tempored and paranoic. Answer arguments with arguments. I am not a Kabuli commie.
If I am wrong why did the chief ministers of the two Punjabs visited each other exchanging "pagars", calling each other brothers, and talking of "Punjabiat"? (I personally think it good).
Remeber, what Ziaul-Haq said to American president? Don't give us peanuts! If it were not for huge Western aid during Afghan War and later America War on terror, Pakistan's economy wouldn't have been revived and there wouldn't have been billionairs like Hamayun Akhthar Khan. These events were blessings in disguise for us Pakistanis.
And the fall-our of Afghan War and American Operation after 9/11 were borne by people of NWFP, FATA, and Baluchistan. Few years back, BBC conducted a survey about the popularity of Musharaf versus Ziaul-Haq in Punjab. And most of the people preferred Ziaul-Haq because he was a Punjabi and Arain, he strengthened Punjabi Civil and Military bureaucracy, and he benefited Punjab from the pay-offs of Afghan War but kept it away from its fall-outs. Another reason for preference was he favored Punjab in privatization (Nawaz Sharif, Mian Mansha etc. were patronized by him). In fact it was during Zia era, that most of the Industrial activity shifted to Punjab thanks his pro-Punjab policies.
And when did we Pakistanis fed others? If the war on terror suddenly ends, how would we suffer, can you imagine?
Re: Pakistani Identity?
If he walks $hitey, talks $hitey against Pakistan (and in favor of Afghanistan), then he must be a $hitey Kabuli Kommie.
These Kabuli Kommies never understood that a strong a vibrant Pakistan is good for Afghanistan. As the two countries are sort of intertwined in many ways. However it does not mean that either Afghanistan or Pakistan have to do away with their borders or dump their individuality.
**A prosperous, peaceful, and pro-Pakistan stance will always be good for Afghanistan. This stance will also make Afghanistan a prosperous area. **Heck you guys are like one or two cities of our country. It won't take much to make your economy a healthy economy. My heart cries out to see the bombed out city of Kabul, and the city of Kandhar, and the city of Jalalabad.
But these Kabuli Kommies will not let us help rebuild Afghanistan. An Afghanistan with 10-20 million people, a dirt poor basket case economy, and a foriegn stooge as a mayor of Kabul are all signs that Kabuli Kommies will never learn from their history.
These despicable characters destroyed Kabul, Kandhar, and Jalalabad. Now the same Kabuli Kommies Koora Kirkit is being heaped upon Pakistan, and all in the name of Academic Discussion $hite. Academic my foot!
These dirt poor Kabulis don't know how to sit properly on a dinner table, and yet they are lecturing Pakistanis.
We in Pakistan would have let you rule your gad-awful $hite of a country forever with your Kommie shenanigans. However you are now trying to burn our cities of Bannu, Kohat, and Peshawar.
So I have a news for you all Kabuli Kommies. Stay away! Otherwise we'll catch you, hound you, and then either kill you or send to GITMO.
Re: Pakistani Identity?
You could’ve said something rational, logical, sensible rather than this stray comment. Irrespective of the fact that the rural Punjabis and Sindhis wear “Dhoti” or take or not take bath still they are respectable. By the way, I have been to Mandi Bahauddin, Faisal Abad, and Larkana, and I know about the dress there.
why can’t you people accept the fact? Why do you people feel embarrassed about it? Should I cite you Punjabi T.V. dramas in which roles are shown wearing “dhotis”?
My purpose was to point to a commanlity in dress and not a derogatory remark about people or their dress.
And I know the Iranian frorum you are talking about. I’ve seen people there beging Iranis to be accepted Persians. Remeber Natasha Khan and how was she humuliated?
Re: Pakistani Identity?
why can't you people accept the fact? Why do you people feel embarrassed about it? Should I cite you Punjabi T.V. dramas in which roles are shown wearing "dhotis"?
My purpose was to point to a commanlity in dress and not a derogatory remark about people or their dress.
And I know the Iranian frorum you are talking about. I've seen people there beging Iranis to be accepted Persians. Remeber Natasha Khan and how was she humuliated?
i am from mandi bhauddin and i never saw a girl wearing saris or man wearing dhotis on street.come one you admit it you are a ******* racist afghan who think he is somehow supirior then pakistanis when we in our city mandi bhauddin use you afghan to clean and flush our toilets,got it:D .
Re: Pakistani Identity?
Pakistan4Ever, effort at integration has to start at political level. First there should be a genuine federal structure with more autonomy to units and less autonomy to center and once people feel secure, then there would be voluntary interaction and integration, and emegergence of a common identity (that would happen only if stable political conditions and economy last for a long period). Diifferent ethnicities should be encouraged to learn one non-mother-tongue native language (Pashto, Punjabi, Baluchi, Sindhi, etc.) and study native cultures.