Re: Isa (AS), Quran and his second coming:
^ before I comment on the points you have listed, pls note that there is difference in our definition of nabi and rasool and many problems arise when each group use their own definition. Lets stick with your definition for the time being i.e., 'Rasool' = a nabi who bring book/law/shariat etc.
then Ahmadi view as per my understanding:
a) No more prophetic risala - No risala but an ummati nabi who is installed by Allah and got guidance from Allah in certain matters but still is part of the ummat of the holy prophet(pbuh).
b) No more changes to the Shari'ah (i.e. what was law at Muhammad (SAW) remains the law) - Yes absolutely
c) Only a Rasool has a holy Book - Yes
d) Every Rasool is a Nabi, but not every Nabi is a Rasool - Since we are going about your definition So Yes. We call Shariati Nabi and Ghair-Shariati Nabi
e) That the rank of prophet does not change - Yes
f) Wahi can be received by Isa (AS) but in the form of inspiration not in the form of Qur'an. - What does that mean?
g) Upon the arrival of Isa (AS) he will follow the established leadership of Muslims - No- Masha-Allah. dil ki baat to yehan aap nay ki hai. A Prophet will follow what? there are so many widely varying beliefs. So will he meet each of them say them "Aap bhi theek hain" and "Aap bhi bhi sahi kehtain hain". What will become of his being 'Hakm-o-Adal'? If that pertains to only political matters then returning of a prophet after that many years and after a long wait seems strange. The religion of Islam was to prevail over all religions and as per my knowledge this was to happen at the time of promised messiah. but you say that the mission is political and military. This may happen at some point in time but the main thing is 'Ghalba-e-Islam'
h) The nature of the advent of Isa (AS) will be military, although miracles may still be manifest upon him,** he will guide us towards the words of Muhammad (SAW) and the Qur'an, provide his rightly guided opinion on a matter and we would be expected to follow him (AS). **highlighted point is diametrically opposite of what you said in g)
j) No new prophet born - Where is it written?
k) Hadith stating clearly that prophethood has ended - prophethood has ended but still a prophet is needed to guide the mankind and lead the muslims to victory?
l) Lineage of prophets as proof - Muhammad (SAW) is a father to no son who remained alive - What does that mean? that prophet should not have any son who survives. where did you get this criteria?
ok show me where is it mentioned that Jesus(as) will return? for return, word 'Ruju' should have been used instead of 'nuzul'
There are problems with reurn of Jesus(as)
1) prophet to bani Isarael as per Quran
2) subjected to Torah and Gospel not Quran as per Quran
3) Not an ummati.
His mission on 'return' would be totally different from the previous one. different mandate, different assignment, different law to follow.so he will become the last one on coming?
btw, What is so great in being the last one?
Regarding the following of Isa (AS) - Isa (AS) will subject himself to the leadership of the established Ummah - those who are in charge of the affairs of the majority at the time.
Even the majority can be slightly wrong or misaligned, but it does not mean that they will not be in charge, they will be guided by him to a correct position, but he (AS) will recognise their authenticity as inheritors of the faith. He will become the best of the ummah and hence we will follow his example as a follower in time.
It has to be made clear - A prophet guides, but the best follower shows how we should follow ... first Isa (AS) was in the previous capacity and in his second coming he will return as a person in the second. Look to the examples of the great Caliphs - that will be the standard that we expect from Isa (AS) and some say better. He will be the best of the Ummatis.
The prophet Muhammad (SAW) instructed us to do things whereas his elect followers show us how we meet the instructions of RasoolAllah (SAW), by example. Personally I don't feel the question or debate of sects will be important in those days ... it will simply be a sheer struggle, the glimmer of hope coming from Isa (AS) amidst battle - people will have no time to speak about sectarian issues - they will simply do what is best and obvious based on the situation at hand.
Regarding the Arabic word for "return" yes I think I have not heard the term "ruju'" applied for his return - just "nuzul" - but it may be there. I was arguing about what was written earlier - that why can't a new prophet return - I was talking about the fallacy in the statement.
Since his role will not be of a prophet but of a follower we acknowledge there is no more prophethood - the fact the he is named specifically to return we understand that to be true literally and that since Allah (SWT) is not unjust his title of prophet or his designation of (AS) will be unfitting to be taken away from him (AS).
If I ever have the benefit of meeting him (AS) I would address him as Ya Sayyidi Isa alaiKaSalam ...