You are absolutely incorrect in suggesting that for the last 14 centuries, Muslim scholars were holding incorrect belief. They were holding the same belief as Jama’at Ahmadiyya holds regarding the Death of Jesus (as).
Following are references from early scholars of Islam regarding the death of Jesus:
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Hazrat Aishah, God be pleased with her, relates from the Holy Prophet Muhammad:
“Jesus, son of Mary, lived to the age of 120 years.” (*Hujaj al-Kirama, *p. 428)
All the narrators of this hadith are reliable (ibid.)
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**Hazrat Fatima, God be pleased with her, relates from the Holy Prophet:
“Jesus, son of Mary, lived to the age of 120 years.” (Kanz-ul-Ummal, vol. vi, p. 120)
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**Hazrat Imam Hasan ascended the pulpit after the martyrdom of *Hazrat *Ali and said:
“O people! This night there has died a man whose status cannot be reached by the earlier or later generations. The Messenger of Allah used to send him to battle, so on his right would be Gabriel and on his left Michael (Mikal), and he would not return without victory. And he has left but seven hundred Dirhems with which he intended to buy a slave. He died on the night on which the soul of Jesus, son of Mary, was taken up, that is the twenty-seventh of Ramadaan.” (*Tabaqat Kabir, *vol. iii, p. 26)
Thus the members of the Holy Prophet’s household have not only revealed Jesus’ age at death but make it clear that it was his soul, not his body, which was taken up to heaven, and that he died on the 27th of Ramadaan.
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Explaining the Quranic verse, “O Jesus, I will cause thee to die (mutawaffi-ka)”, Ibn Abbas is recorded as saying:
“Ibn Abbas said: mutawaffi-ka means ‘I will cause thee to die(mumitu-ka) ’.” (Bukhari, Kitab al-Tafsir, on verse 5:110).
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Of Imam Malik, one of the four imams of jurisprudence (fiqh), it is written:
“While most people believe that Jesus did not die, Malik said that he died.” (Majma al-Bahar, vol. i, p. 286)
And:
“In the ‘*Utbiyya *it is written that Malik said that Jesus, son of Mary, died.” (*Ikmal al-ikmal, Sharh *of *Muslim, *vol. i, p. 265)
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Imam Ibn Hazm, Amawi Zahiri Qurtabi, writes:
“Jesus, peace be upon him, was neither killed nor crucified, but God caused him to die and then raised him. The Almighty has said: ‘They did not kill him or crucify him’; and ‘I will cause thee to die and exalt thee’; and ‘I (Jesus) was a witness of them so long as I was among them, but when Thou didst cause me to die Thou wert the Watcher over them’ and ‘Allah takes souls (yatawaffa) at the time of death’. Thus there are two kinds of *wafat: *sleep and death. Jesus in his words ‘When Thou didst cause me to die (falamma tawaffaita-ni)’ was not referring to sleep, but it is correct that by *wafat *he meant death.” (*Mahalli fil-Fiqh, *p. 23)
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Abul Hasan Ali Hajwairi, popularly known as Data Ganj Bakhsh, writes:
“The Messenger of God said that, on the night of the Mi‘raj, he saw Adam, Joseph, Moses, Aaron, Jesus and Abraham, in the heavens. Assuredly it was their souls.” (*Kashf al-Mahjub, *Chapter *al-Kalam fir-ruh, *p. 204).
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*Shaikh al-Islam *Shams-ud-Din Abu Abdullah Muhammad ibn Abi Bakr, known as Hafiz Ibn Qayyim, wrote:
“As for what is related about the Messiah that he was raised up to heaven at the age of 33 years, there is no sound authority for this which one could turn to.” (*Zad al-Ma‘ad, *vol. i, p. 20)
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Allama Juba’i is reported as saying:
“This verse shows that God caused Jesus to die (amata) and brought about his death (tawaffa-hu), and then raised him to himself.” (Commentary *Majma‘ al-Bayan, *vol. i, under verse falamma tawaffaita-ni)
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Imam Asir-ud-Din Muhammad ibn Yusuf ibn Ali al-Andalasi, known as Abu Hayyan Nahwi, writes:
“This verse shows that God made Jesus die (tawaffa-hu wafat al-maut) before raising him.” (*Bahr al-Muhit, *vol. iv, p. 4)
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Imam Muhammad ibn Ali ibn Muhammad ibn Abdullah, known as Allama Shokani, has written:
“It is said that this verse shows that God caused Jesus to die before raising him.” (*Fath al-Qadir Qalmi, *p. 4)
**VIEWS OF MODERN MUSLIM SCHOLARS **
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In his Quranic commentary, Allama Abdul Rahman Sa‘di writes:
“God honoured Jesus by causing his disciples to spread in the world, in his life-time and after his death (mamat).”
(*Tafsir al-Manan, *published in Makka)
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In *The Message of the Quran, *published by the Muslim World League of Makka in 1964, the author, Muhammad Asad, translates the verse 3:55 of the Quran in the following English words:
“Lo! God said: O Jesus! Verily, I shall cause thee to die, and exalt thee unto Me.”
Verse 5:117 is rendered as:
“And I bore witness to what they did as long as I dwelt amongst them; but since Thou hast caused me to die, Thou alone hast been their keeper. For Thou art witness unto everything”.
In the footnote to verse 4:157 the translator elucidates:
“Thus the Quran categorically denies the story of the crucifixion of Jesus. There exist, among Muslims, many fanciful legends telling us that at the last moment God substituted for Jesus a person closely resembling him (according to some accounts, that person was Judas), who was subsequently crucified in his place. However, none of these legends finds the slightest support in the Quran or in authentic Traditions, and the stories produced in this connection by the classical commentators of the Quran must be summarily rejected.”
The next footnote contains the statement:
“Nowhere in the Quran is there any warrant for the popular belief of many Muslims that God has ‘taken up’ Jesus bodily into heaven.”
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The famous Egyptian reformist personality Mufti Muhammad Abduh believed that Jesus had died:
i. “In the *Tafsir al-Manar, *the teacher and Imam (Muhammad Abduh), after taking the apparent meaning of the verse, has stated that tawaffa bears its obvious significance, i.e., causing to die. The raising (raf‘) comes after that, and it is spiritual elevation.”
(Qasas al-Anbiya by Abdul Wahab al-Najar, p. 428)
ii. “*Tawaffa *here means causing to die, as in the obvious and comprehensible significance.”
(Al-Manar)
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Allama Rashid Raza, the famous disciple of Mufti Muhammad Abduh, writes:
“Hence Jesus’ escape to India and his death in that country is not against reason and sense.”
(Quranic Commentary by Al-Sayyid Rashid Raza, part vi, pp. 42, 43)
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Mahmud Shaltut, former Mufti of Egypt and ex-Rector of al-Azhar University, Cairo, writes:
i. “There is no authority in the Quran or the Sunna which can satisfy the heart upon the belief that Jesus was taken up to heaven with his body and that he is still alive there and that he shall descend therefrom to earth in the last days.”
(Al-Fatawa, published by Al-Idara al-‘Ama lil-Saqafat al-Islamiyya bil-Azhar, pp. 52-58)
MODERN SUBCONTINENT MUSLIM SCHOLARS VIEW
- Sir Syed Ahmad Khan, renowned nineteenth century Muslim educationist, social reformer, religious scholar and founder of the Ali Garh Muslim University, wrote:
i. “Now we must turn to the Holy Quran to see what it says. The Quran makes mention of Jesus’ death in four places … Firstly in *Sura Aal Imran, *secondly in Sura Ma’ida, … thirdly in Sura Maryam … fourthly in Sura Nisa’. Jesus was not killed by the Jews, either by stoning or by crucifixion, but he died his natural death, and God raised him in rank and status … From the first three verses it is clear that Jesus died a natural death. However, as the Ulama of Islam had followed the Christians, in accepting that Jesus had gone up to heaven alive, before looking at the Quran, so they have tried to interpret some of the words in these verses to accord with their unsound belief.”
(*Tafsir Ahmadi *by Sir Syed Ahmad Khan, vol. ii, p.48)
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In his Punjabi work *Tafsir Muhammadi, *Maulvi Hafiz Muhammad of Lakhu Kay writes in verse:
“Without doubt a son resembles his father, But the Lord lives forever, He does not die, while death overtook Jesus.”
(vol. i, p. 247) “Of all the messengers of God, none survived.”
(vol. i, p. 320)
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The late Maulana Ubaidullah Sindhi wrote:
“*Mutawaffi-ka *means mumitu-ka * and what generally prevails amongst the public about Jesus’ life is a Jewish and Sabean fable … It is not a concealed matter that the source of Islam is the Quran, and in it there is not even one verse proving explicitly that Jesus did not die, and that he is alive and shall come down. These are only the deductions and explanations of some people, and are not free from doubt and uncertainty. How, then, can it be taken to be a fundamental Islamic belief ?”
(*Ilham al-Rahman fi-tafsir al-Quran, *vol. ii, p. 49)
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Allama Dr. Sir Muhammad Iqbal
i. He wrote in a poem:
[INDENT]“Is the son of Mary dead, or does he live?
Are Divine attributes separate from God, or one with His Person?
Is the Coming one the Nazarene Jesus, or a Mujaddid having the son of Mary’s qualities?
Are the Divine words created, or pre-existing from eternity, In which belief does lie the salvation of the Ummah?
Are not sufficient for the Muslims today, These Lat and Manat [idols] carved out by theology.”
(*Armaghan Hijaz, *p. 227)
[/INDENT]5. **Maulana Sayyid Sulaiman Nadawi **wrote:
“It appears from this that even before Sir Syed [Ahmad Khan] some Ulama held the same viewpoint as his on this question [of Jesus’ death]. People today who make this issue a standard for determining belief or disbelief in Islam are indulging in extremism.”
(Mu‘araf, March 1930, p. 171)
6. Khwaja Hasan Nizami of Delhi wrote:
i. “Westerners believe that Jesus ascended to heaven. The Quran contradicts this Christian belief, for it contains the verse: *inni mutawaffi-ka wa rafi‘u-ka ilayya, *i.e., ‘O Jesus, I am about to cause you to die, and grant you exaltation and elevation unto Myself ’. This verse proves the death of Jesus. However, there is another verse saying: wa ma qatalu-hu wa ma salabu-hu wa lakin shubbiha la-hum, i.e., the Jews neither killed nor crucified Jesus, but they fell into doubt. This verse proves that Jesus was not put upon the cross, but died his own death. Rising to heaven does not mean that he went up to heaven but that his status in the estimation of God was raised.”
(*Roznamcha, *16 November 1931, p. 15)
ii. "Some people say that Jesus is alive in the fourth heaven. It is proved from the Quran that Jesus was neither murdered nor crucified, but it is not proved that he ascended to heaven alive and is still living. On the contrary, the Quran says: ‘O Jesus, We shall cause you to die and then elevate your status in Our sight, or, raise you to Us’. The word wafat occurs first*, *and it means to die."
(Newspaper *Munadi, *Delhi, 18 September 1936, p. 16)
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Muhammad Hasan ibn Muhammad Abbas, *mujtahid *and *ustad *at the Madrasa Nizamiyya, Lucknow, India, wrote:
“The findings of authentic, established books and the Quranic commentaries of the great scholars prove the *wafat *of Jesus, i.e., that he died. Thus, two verses in particular provide evidence for his death: firstly, inni mutawaffi-ka wa rafi‘*u-ka ilayya; *and secondly, *falamma tawaffaita-ni kunta anta-r-raqiba ‘alai-him. *These verses are quite sufficient to prove Jesus’ death. If these do not suffice, I can write still more and give *ahadith *in support.” (as quoted in *Tashhiz al-Azhan, *April 1921, p. 39)
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Abdullah Yusuf Ali, in the ***first edition ***of his English translation and commentary of the Holy Quran, rendered verse 3:55 as: “I will take thy soul and raise thee to Myself.” In the footnote at this point in the first edition, he wrote:
“Read this along with 4:157 where it is said that the Jews neither crucified nor killed Jesus, but that another was killed in his likeness. The guilt of the Jews remained. But Jesus completed his life and was when he died taken up to God.”
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Sayyid Abul ‘Ala Maudoodi has written the following upon this topic:
“The Quran does not explicitly state that God raised up Jesus, body and soul, from earth to heaven. Nor does it clearly say that he died a natural death on earth, and that only his soul was raised up. Thus, on the basis of the Quran, neither of these views can be definitely negated or confirmed.”
(*Tahfim al-Quran *by Maulana Maudoodi, p. 240)
10. Maulana Sayyid Abdud-Da’im Jalali writes:
“It is recorded in an authentic hadith that the Holy Prophet Muhammad stated: ‘Had Moses or Jesus been alive, they would have had to follow me’.” (*Tafsir Bayan as-Subhan, *on Part 3, p. 349)
11. Khwaja Ibadullah Akhtar, B.A., of Amritsar expresses his view as follows:
i. “We do not wish to say any more on this issue than that Jesus was certainly nailed to the cross. However, he did not die on the cross, nor could have any man died on the cross in such a short period. But he fell into such a state of unconsciousness as to make people suspect that he had died. In that state of unconsciousness he was taken down from the cross, and being thought to be dead, placed in a tomb a sketch of which we have given in this book. When he became conscious, he left the tomb by himself.” (Damishq, p. 54, published by the Steam Press, Amritsar, India, 1911)
I hope this issue is settled here. Jazakallah!
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