Re: Ahmadis in Pakistan
In the name of Allah, Most Gracious, Ever Merciful
We praise Allah, and invoke blessings upon His Messenger (saw)
Biography of Mirza Ghulam Ahmad (as) the Promised Messiah and Imam Mahdi:
The founder of Ahmadiyya Muslim Jamaat was Hadhrat Mirza Ghulam Ahmad, alayhe salam. His father’s name was Mirza Ghulam Murtaza and his mother’s name was Chiragh Bibi (lady of the lamp). His grandfather was Mirza Ata Muhammad (d.1814), and his great grand father was Mirza Gul Muhammad (d.1800).
Hadhrat Ahmad (AS) belonged to the Birlas branch of the respectable Mughal family. The surname of this family is Mirza that is why all members of this family use Mirza as their surname. Mirza Hadi Beg was the forefather of this family who migrated to India in 1530 from his hometown Samarqand with two hundred others during the reign of Mughal King Zaheer al-Din Babur. They settled along the Beyas river in the Indian province of Punjab. Mirza Hadi Beg was appointed Qazi (judge) with jurisdiction over seventy villages around Qadian. He founded a village called Islampur, later the name changed to Islampur Qazi Majhi, which over time was shortened to Qazi Majhi, then only Qazian, finally changed into Qadian.
Qadian is situated about 112 km north east of Lahore, in district Gurdaspur, in the Indian province of Punjab. In this holy town was born Hadhrat Mirza Ghulam Ahmad, the Promised Messiah (AS), the holy founder of Ahmadiyya Muslim Jamaat. He spent most of his life in this town.
The family of the Promised Messiah (AS) was given high official posts in the Mughal administration. When the central Mughal government in India lost its grip, the family was able to make itself independent and ruled over 95 km of territory around Qadian. However, during the Sikh rule, the family lost territorial rights, and much of the territory was taken over by the Sikhs.
The situation was so bad at one time that the family had to take shelter for sixteen years in the state of Kapurthala. The family settled subsequently in Qadian during the reign of Maharajah Ranjeet Singh. (1780-1839). Under the British rule, they were granted the property rights in Qadian and the suburbs.
Hadhrat Mirza Ghulam Ahmad, the Promised Messiah and Mahdi, peace be on him, was born on Friday February 13th, 1835 at dawn in Qadian. He was born after a twin sister Janat who died a few days later. A tutor was assigned in 1842 for his early education. He learnt the Holy Quran and a few elementary Persian books from this tutor. Later on he was coached in Urdu, Arabic, Persian, Philosophy, and Logic by two other tutors.
When he was seventeen years of age, his father who was an experienced Hakim (doctor) gave him lessons in natural medicine. This instruction gave him elementary knowledge of Persian and Arabic languages. This was the extent of his basic education. No tutor provided him formal education in religious subjects, however he gained some knowledge on his own by reading religious books. Reading and pondering over the teachings of the Holy Quran was his favorite hobby early on from his childhood.
Hadhrat Ahmad’s childhood was carefree and righteous. Despite the fact that he was born in a well-off family, he always avoided spending time in useless sports. No doubt he did take part in useful and productive sports, for instance he had learnt swimming, & horseback riding at an early age. His simple, fine habits made an impression on everyone. When he was a child, a revered personage Maulvi Ghulam Rasool admiringly remarked:“ If anyone deserves to be a prophet in this age, this lad indeed should be one”. (Hayate Tayyeba, page 14) In 1852 he was married to the daughter of his maternal uncle, Hurmat Bibi. This was his first marriage, from this union he was blessed with two sons. His first son Hadhrat Mirza Sultan Ahmad (1853-1931) was a high ranking official in the British administration. He entered into Baiat (covenant of allegiance) at the hand of the Second Caliph. The second son Mirza Fazal Ahmad passed away in 1904 at the age of forty-nine.
Although he was married, he spent most of his time in solitude, meditation, and devotional prayers. His father wanted him to find an occupation, but this was not to Hadhrat Ahmad’s taste. His father lovingly called him a Maseetar, one who enjoys spending time in Divine worship in the mosque. However, being a loyal son, and in order to see his father happy, he would attend court cases in connection with their family estate.
In 1864 he went to Sialkot and started the job of a Reader in a law-court where he stayed for four years. As the job was contrary to his disposition, he would spend most of his time in the study of the Holy Quran, prayers, study of religious books or engaged himself in debates with Christian missionaries of the city. In 1868 he resigned from his civil service job after receiving instructions from his father and returned to Qadian. Unfortunately his mother passed away before he could reach Qadian, but he bore the loss with strength.
Next year in 1869 someone took him to Maulvi Muhammad Hussain Batalvi for a public discussion. Mr. Batalvi belonged to the Ahle Hadith sect that was being opposed at the time by other Muslim sects. The person who brought Hudhoor (AS) wanted him to have a debate and refute their certain doctrines. When Hadhrat Ahmad (AS) questioned Mr. Batalvi his belief on a certain theological point, he discovered that it was in complete accord with the Islamic teachings. So he refused to debate with him.
The person who had brought Hadhrat Ahmad (AS) for discussion was furious and expressed his consternation in harsh words for this let down. However Hadhrat Ahamd (AS) maintained, “ Whatever I did was to seek the pleasure of God Almighty. I don’t care if anyone condemns it.” God Almighty was so pleased with his attitude that he was comforted with the following revelation (Urdu):“God is pleased with your attitude, He will shower His blessings on you, so much so that Kings would seek blessings from your garments”. (Braheene Ahmadiyya, Vol IV, page 520) In 1875 his father laid the foundation stone of Aqsa mosque.
This year he fasted for eight or nine months on receiving directive from God Almighty. He reduced his daily food intake to such an extent that at one point it amounted to only two or three morsels a day. Besides receiving many heavenly blessings in those days, he met with former prophets and Muslim saints in his dreams and visions.
His father passed away on June 2nd, 1876. Naturally Hadhrat Ahmad (AS) became concerned over the sources of his income. God Almighty vouchsafed him the following revelation: “Alaysa Allaho be-Kafen Abdahoo”
Is not God sufficient for His servant? (Kitab al-Barriya, page 159)
This revelation gave him mental comfort and abundant solace. Future incidents demonstrated that God Almighty indeed assisted him in every situation, proving beyond a shadow of doubt that God was sufficient for His humble servant. These words of revelation were later carved in a stone and made into a signet ring which he wore all his life.
Upon his father’s death, the responsibility for administering the affairs of the family estate fell on the shoulders of his elder brother Mirza Ghulam Qadir. If he wanted he could have taken his share from the estate and lived a life of comfort. But whatever his brother gave him he lived on that, sometimes hand to mouth. This was a very tough period for him. At times he had to face severe hardships in getting the bare necessities of life. Nevertheless he was always grateful for whatever he had. On occasion he would distribute his food among the poor and keep the minimum for himself.
To prove the truthfulness of Islam and to repudiate false charges leveled against it, he started writing articles in Muslim magazines in 1872. These articles were very much appreciated by the public. It also brought him instant fame because he presented such compelling arguments in support of Islam that no one could refute these.
After a while he started compiling his magnum opus book Braheene Ahmadiyya (Proofs of the Ahmadiyya) in which he presented 300 bright & conclusive arguments for the truthfulness of the Holy Quran and the Holy Prophet Muhammad, peace and blessings of Allah be on him. The first volume of this monumental work was published in 1880, second volume in 1881, third in 1882, fourth in 1884 and fifth in 1905.
The book was a knock out; everybody was convinced of author’s penetrating insight and towering intellectual status. He was hailed as the best of divines, pride of the Muslims of India, valiant defender of Islam. Muslims in India were exuberant, one of the scholars, Maulavi Muhammad Hussain wrote a 200-page review in the course of which he observed:"In our opinion this book stands unique from the viewpoint of the modern age, the like of which has not been written in the history of Islam. " (Ishaat al-Sunna Vol 7, No 6) This is a mere specimen of the opinions held by Muslims about this book. He offered a cash prize of 10,000 rupees to any non-Muslim who could write a similar book to refute the arguments given in the book, but no one dared to write one.
While he was writing this book in 1882, through a revelation he was appointed a Mamoor mina Allah, commissioned by God Almighty. Christian missionaries, Hindu pundits, & Muslim divines, all of them became his virulent opponents. They plotted all kinds of things to discredit him but no one succeeded.
In 1877 a Christian named Ralya Ram Vakeel filed a court case against Hadhrat Ahmad (AS) which is referred to as the ‘Post office Case’. The Promised Messiah, peace be on him, had written a treatise in support of the superiority of Islam, refuting allegations leveled by the Arya Samaj. He mailed this manuscript to a publishing house Vakeel Press in Amritsar at the rate prescribed for newspapers. Also included in the package was a letter addressed to the Manager containing instructions.
According to the postal regulations it was illegal to include a letter in a package because of cheaper postal rates for packages, it carried a fine of Rs. 500 or imprisonment for six months. Hadhrat Ahmad (AS) was not aware of such a regulation. Upon arrival of the package, Ralya Ram at once informed the postal authorities of this irregularity. A lawsuit was filed against Hudhoor (AS). At this time Hudhoor saw in a dream that Ralya Ram had sent him a venomous snake but Hudhoor fried it and sent it back to him.
When the case came up for trial, Hudhoor’s attorney advised him that the only way he could escape conviction was to give an affidavit to the court that he did not place the letter in the package. Instead it was Ralya Ram who had placed the letter there in order to get him into trouble. Hadhrat Ahmad (AS) rejected this advice, saying: " The fact of the matter is that I had myself placed this letter in the package, therefore, I will not deny it so as to be spared of the sentence". “ In that case”, his attorney Sheikh Ali Ahmed shrugged his shoulders and said, “there is no chance for your acquittal.” Hudhoor replied, “come what may, I will not tell a lie.”
Hudhoor appeared before the British magistrate in Gurdaspur without a lawyer. During the hearing the judge inquired of Hudhoor if he had in fact placed the letter in the package? “Yes Indeed” Hudhoor responded, “ but I was’t aware that by doing so I was breaking the postal regulations, nor did I intend to defraud the post office”.
The plaintiff was overjoyed that Hudhoor had confessed his guilt. As a consequence he will be given the due sentence. But the judge was so much impressed with Hudoor’s truthfulness and strength of character that he gave him an honorable discharge. This was indeed the blessing of truthfulness that God Almighty gave him victory in this case. Hudoor’s elder brother Mirza Ghulam Qadir passed away in 1881. As he had no children, Hudhoor (AS) was entitled to all of his estate, but he did not do so for the sake of his sister in law. The property remained in the possession of other relatives for a long time.
In fulfillment of a particular prophecy, Hudoor’s second marriage took place on November 17th, 1884 to a well-respected and honorable lady Sayyeda Nusrat Jahan Begum who belonged to the noble Sayyed family of Dehli. Thus the following prophecy was fulfilled. "I have intended another marriage for you, I shall provide all that may be needed in this respect” (Hayate Tayyeba, page 73) Hadhrat Mir Naser Nawab (RA) was his father in law who was a descendant of Hadhrat Khawaja Mir Dard. Hadhrat Mir sahib was an extremely righteous and divinely personage. Maulvi Sayyed Nazeer Hussain (Muhaddith Dehlvi), a well-known Dehli scholar, performed the Nikah (matrimonial rites) on November 17th 1884. The Rukhstana (reception) ceremony took place the same day in Dehli. The marriage was very successful with the grace and favors of Allah the Exalted. God Almighty gave him pious offspring from this wedlock, regarding whom he was given glad tidings. These glad tidings were fulfilled at their prescribed time and we are witnessing these with our own eyes.
In March 1885 he published 20,000 copies of a flyer in which he invited adversaries of Islam to visit him in order to witness heavenly signs in support of the truthfulness of Islam. In the flyer that was printed in English & Urdu he made the grand announcement that Allah has appointed him Mujaddid - Reformer of the Age - in order to prove the superiority of the Holy Quran and truthfulness of the Holy Prophet Muhammad (SAS). The flyer was widely distributed in the country, and even mailed to all the eminent religious leaders, writers, and leading intellectuals of Asia, Europe, and the US.
During the month of Ramadhan in 1885 the Promised Messiah (AS) was one day resting in his bed. His companion Hadhrat Maulvi Abdullah Sinauri (RA) was sitting on the edge of the bed messaging his feet. Hadhrat Maulvi sahib noticed that at one point Promised Messiah’s body trembled for a moment. Then Maulvi sahib noticed a few red drops that appeared on the ankle of the Promised Messiah (AS) as well as on his clothes. This was a heavenly sign that occurred on 27th day of Ramadhan, July 10th 1885.
Under Divine inspiration Hudhoor (AS) traveled to Hoshiarpur on January 22nd, 1886 to perform Chilla. He stayed in a house for forty days, all his time was spent in intense meditation, devotion & prayer. These supplications resulted in God Almighty giving him the news of a grand prophecy that is referred to in the Jamaat as ‘Prophecy of Musleh Mauood’. According to this prophecy Allah the Exalted will bestow him a son in the next nine years who would bring awesome progress to Islam and Ahmadiyyat. This Promised Reformer would spread the message of Islam to farthest corners of the Earth. A part of the grand prophecy reads as follows: I confer upon thee a Sign of My mercy according to your supplication. I have heard thy entreaties and have honored thy prayers with my acceptance through My mercy and have blessed this thy journey. A Sign of power, mercy nearness to Me is bestowed upon thee, a Sign of grace and beneficence is awarded to thee and thou art granted the key of success and victory……………..
He will be accompanied by grace, which shall arrive with him. He will be characterized with grandeur, greatness and wealth. He will come into the world and will heal many of their disorders through his messianic qualities and through the blessings of the Holy Spirit. He is the Word of Allah for Allah’s mercy and honor has equipped him with the Word of Majesty. He will be extremely intelligent and understanding and will be meek of heart and will be filled with secular and spiritual knowledge………………………… Behold a light cometh, a light anointed by God with the perfume of His pleasure. We shall pour Our spirit into Him and he will be sheltered under the shadow of God. He will grow rapidly in stature and will be the means of procuring the release of those held in bondage. His fame will spread to the ends of the earth and people will be blessed through him. He will then be raised to his spiritual station in heaven. This is a matter decreed. (Announcement February 20th 1886)
As foretold by the prophecy Hadhrat Mirza Bashiruddin Mahmud Ahmad was born within the prescribed period of nine years, on January 12th, 1889. Promised Messiah (AS) announced in his treatise ‘Siraje Muneer’ that the promised son whose advent had been foretold to him, had been born. Subsequently during the caliphate of Hadhrat Khalifatul Masih II it became quite apparent that the prophecies were fulfilled in his person.
The characteristics explained in the revealed words of this prophecy regarding this illustrious son were evident in his person; thus fulfilling the prophecy with grandeur. Praise the Lord. In 1944 Hadhrat Khalifat al-Masih the Second (RA) declared that he was indeed the Promised Son whose birth was foretold by God Almighty to Hazrat Ahmad (AS).
On December 1st, 1888 he published an announcement that God has ordained him that whomsoever seeks true faith and piety, should take Baiat, pledge allegiance to him so that Allah may shower His mercy and beneficence on them.
On January 12th, 1889 he published a pamphlet in which he laid down ten conditions of Baiat for initiation into the Jamaat. In this pamphlet he made it known that anyone who wishes to enter into covenant of allegiance should swear on the following from the core of his heart.
- That till the last day of his life, he shall abstain from shirk (associating any partners with Allah).
- That he shall keep away from falsehood, cruelty, adultery, dishonesty, disorder, rebellion and every kind of evil.
- That he shall offer prayers (Salat) five times daily.
- That he shall not inflict injury on any of Allah’s creatures.
- That he would bear every hardship for the sake of Allah.
- That he shall not follow vulgar customs and guard against evil inclinations.
- That he shall discard pride and haughtiness, live in humility & meekness
- That he shall hold his faith, dignity, and the welfare of Islam dearer than his own life, wealth and children.
- That he shall have sympathy for all of God’s creatures, and devote his talents to their welfare.
- That he shall establish brotherhood with me (i.e.Ahmad), obeying me in all good things, and firmly adhere to these rules until the last breadth of his life.
On March 23rd, 1889 he started taking oath of allegiance at the house of a spiritual preceptor Hadhrat Sufi Ahmad Jan in the city of Ludhiana. Thus he laid the foundation of Ahmadiyya Movement in Islam. Hadhrat Hakim Maulvi Noor al-Din (RA) was the first person to have the honor of taking the first Baiat.
On the first day forty people took oath of allegiance, some of them are listed hereunder:Hadhrat Maulvi Abdullah Sanori (RA)
Hadhrat Chaudhry Rustam Ali (RA)
Hadhrat Munshi Zafar Ahmad (RA)
Hadhrat Munshi Aroray Khan (RA)
Hadhrat Munshi Habib ar-Rahman (RA)
Hadhrat Qazi Zia al-din (RA)
Hadhrat Mir Inayat Ali (RA)
In 1890 God Almighty revealed to him that Hadhrat Isa ibn Maryam (AS) had passed away like all previous prophets. The belief that he is alive in the heavens, is false and against the teachings of the Holy Quran. Also he proclaimed that the Messiah whose advent was foretold by Holy Prophet Muhammad, peace & blessings of Allah be on him, has appeared in his person. God has sent this Promised Messiah to reform the world and to spread the pristine teachings of Islam.
His announcement and claim to be the Promised Mahdi and the Messiah brought him numerous converts, but there were some that turned against him. Erstwhile friends became his foes. Some Muslim divines declared him a heretic. The Christians did not lag behind either as they raised a fierce storm of opposition. The reason Christians opposed him was the fact that Jesus Christ’s death dealt a fatal blow to the very foundation of Christianity. They believed Christ to be their Lord, but this claim made him a dead god. This intense opposition resulted in many debates between him, the Muslim divines, and the Christian missionaries. For instance in 1891 he held debates with Maulvi Muhammad Hussain sahib Batalvi, Maulvi Sayyed Nazeer Hussain sahib Dehlvi and Maulvi Muhammad Bashir sahib Bhopali. In 1892 he held debates with Maulvi Abdul Hakim Kalanauri. In 1893 he held a famous debate with Christian missionary Abdulla Athim. These debates brought him many pious & devoted converts.
Under Divine inspiration Hudhoor (AS) announced in May 1891 that he was the Promised Mahdi awaited by the Muslims.
Later on the same year the Promised Messiah (AS) decided to hold the first Jalsa Salana. Accordingly the first Annual Conference was held from December 27th to 29th at the Aqsa Mosque in Qadian. Only 75 members attended that year, next year 327 members attended the Jalsa, and the last Jalsa Salana attended by the Promised Messiah (AS) in 1907 there were two thousand participants. The last annual gathering that was held in Rabwah in 1983, more than two hundred thousand attended the blessed meeting.
With a few exceptions it has been held since then every year in many countries of the world like the UK, Germany, India, Canada, & the USA. Over 32,000 members took part in the Jalsa Salana held in Germany in August 2000. The UK Jalsa Salana attracted 22,000 members in July 2000, while 12 thousand members took part in the Canadian Annual Conference in 2003. The attendance of Jalsa Salana held in different parts of the world continues to grow. The USA Jamaat celebrated its 50th Annual Conference in 1998 in Silver Spring, Maryland. The keynote address was delivered by Hazrat Khalifat al-Masih the Fourth, which was filled with pearls of wisdom.
[size=2]In 1893 Hudhoor (AS) held a written debate from May 22nd to June 5th, in Amritsar against the famous Christian missionary Abdullah Athim. This debate was later on published under the title Jange Muqaddas (The Holy War). God Almighty showered him with so much success during the debate that many people took the pledge of allegiance and joined the Ahmadiyya Muslim Jamaat.
An amusing incident took place during the course of the debate. The Christians brought forth three lame, blind and dumb persons and argued that since our Messiah used to cure the lame and the blind, let this Messiah do the same.
The Christians were confident that they had him nailed. When the handicap people were brought before Hudhoor, he pointed out that only the Gospels had mentioned such miracles of Jesus, not the Quran, therefore we did not believe in this. Hudhoor (AS) continued that the New Testament also states that if your faith is as much as a grain of mustard, you could perform such miracles or even greater wonders. Therefore he presented those invalids back to them, and said “ if you possess little faith then cure them with your touch of hand. If you can cure them then we will believe that you are on the right path, if you do not then we must conclude that you do not possess faith as much as a grain of mustard”.
Hadhrat Ahmad’s reply made them speechless. They thought that they had succeeded in their planning to humiliate him, but it only brought shame on them. During the course of the debate Hudhoor (AS) made the following prophecy:[INDENT]“ that out of the two parties in this debate the one who was deliberately following a falsehood and abandoning the true God and transforming a weak mortal into a God shall, within the days since the debate, i.e. one month since this day till fifteen months thereafter, be thrown into hawiya (hell) and will be greatly disgraced provided it is not inclined towards the truth.” Proceedings of the debate, June 5th, 1893. Jange Muqaddis pages 291-292. The above prophecy made it clear that if Athim did not repent then he will be thrown into hell. Upon hearing the wording of the prophecy, Athim was deeply alarmed and scared. He started shaking, and turned pale. Contrary to his habit, he refrained from uttering anything objectionable against Islam or the Holy Prophet (SAS). He was restless and moved from town to town in absolute terror. It seemed he had recanted. God Almighty granted him respite in the face of his changed attitude, but the opponents alleged that the prophecy was false.
Hudhoor (AS) announced that if Mr. Athim would declare on oath that he had not inclined towards the truth, he would pay him a sum of Rs. 1000/- provided he survived for one year after taking the oath. Later the sum was increased to Rs. 4000/-. Athim did not take the oath, had he taken a false oath, he would have been punished within one year. Furthermore, Hudhoor emphasized that even if he did not swear on oath, God Almighty will not leave him unpunished as he had tried to deceive the world by concealing the truth. Since Athim refused to swear on oath, he died on July 27th, 1896 exactly as foretold by the prophecy. This was indeed a glorious sign on the truthfulness of Hadhrat Ahmad (AS).
In 1893 Hudhoor (AS) invited Muslim divines to hold an essay competition with him in Arabic. Hudhoor (AS) revealed that God Almighty has bestowed him perfect command of Arabic language. Therefore no one can compete with him. No one accepted the invitation despite the fact that he gave this challenge many times over.
Hudhoor (AS) made known in 1895 in his book Minan al-Rahman that all the languages of the world have originated from Arabic language. Therefore Arabic is the mother of all languages. He also asserted that Arabic is the language of God Almighty. He offered a cash prize of Rs. 5000 to anyone who could disprove this claim. This was an amazing discovery as scholars have been investigating for a long time to find the most original language. European scholars had pointed to either Sanskrit or Pahlvi. The latest research however indicates that Arabic is the most original language, all others derived from it. (M. A. Mazhar has traced 13 languages to Arabic in his book: Arabic, the Source of All Languages, 1963)
Hadhrat Ali bin Umar al-Darqutni (918-995) has recorded a tradition (Hadith) of the Holy Prophet Muhammad, peace and blessing of Allah be on him, in his book Sunan Dar Qutni, as reported by Hadhrat Imam Baqar, regarding the appearance of Imam Mahdi. It states that one of the signs for the appearance of the Mahdi will be that the Moon will be eclipsed on the first night of the three possible nights of an eclipse. And the Sun will be eclipsed on the middle day of the three possible days of an eclipse. Both will occur in the month of Ramadhan.
This heavenly sign occurred during the month of Ramadhan in April 1894 when Hudhoor had already declared that he was the Mahdi Mauood (Promised Mahdi). There was an eclipse of the Moon on the first night of the three possible night’s i.e. the 13th Ramadhan, 1311 Hijra (March 21st, 1894) and there was an eclipse of the Sun on the middle day of the three possible days i.e. 28th Ramadhan 1311 Hijra (April 6th, 1894).
Next year in the western hemisphere, the Moon was eclipsed on March 11, 1895 and the Sun was eclipsed on March 26th, 1895.
This great sign is referred to as Sign of the Eclipses. This sign has been pointed out in Chapter al-Qiyama (75:9) of the Holy Quran also. In the Bible (Mark 13:24) it is also stated “ But in those days, after that tribulation, the Sun shall be darkened, and the Moon shall not give her light, and the stars shall be falling from the heaven and the powers that are in heaven shall be shaken”. This was another glorious sign manifested by Allah the Exalted to prove the truthfulness of His servant the Promised Messiah (AS).
In 1895 Hudhoor (AS) made known the outcome of his research regarding the religious beliefs of Founder of the Sikh religion. Hudhoor (AS) stated that although Hadhrat Baba Nanak was born in a Hindu household, he had later on accepted Islam.
Hadhrat Baba Nanak (1469-1539) was a righteous person who meticulously followed all the teachings of Islam, so much so that he traveled to Mecca for the purpose of performing pilgrimage to the House of Allah. One of his holy gowns contained Islamic declaration of faith, as well as many verses of the Holy Quran inscribed in Arabic.
In 1896 a conference was convened in Lahore in which representatives of various religions were invited to explain the beauties of their respective faiths so that people could judge and compare the teachings for themselves. Top leaders of many faiths spoke on this occasion and explained the teachings of their faiths.
The Promised Messiah (AS), as representative of the Islamic faith, authored a compelling and scholarly treatise for this occasion outlining the excellencies of Islamic teachings. He was assured by God Almighty that his treatise would be acclaimed as far superior to all the others that would be presented at the gathering.
He made known this divinely assurance well before the start of the conference. And so it happened, the audience numbering over 7000 was spellbound and everyone admitted that his submission was overwhelmingly superior. Proceedings of this conference were published in the newspapers; it was admitted that Hudoor’s discourse was indeed far superior to all the others. It was later published under the title The Philosophy of the Teachings of Islam. When famous Russian author Count Leo Tolstoy read the English translation of this treatise, he observed: “I approved very much of ‘How to get rid of sin’ and ‘The Life to come’. The ideas are very profound and very true.”
Christian missionaries had their hearts aching at the phenomenal success of his divine mission. No one could rebut his strong and winning arguments. So they decided to resort to sleazy tactics.
In 1897 they plotted to file a lawsuit of attempted murder against him. Dr. Henry Martyn Clark, a notable medical missionary stationed in Amritsar filed a complaint in the court of District Magistrate Captain William Douglas in Ludhiana.
The charge laid against Hudhoor was that he conspired to have Dr. Clark assassinated by a man named Abdul Hameed, God forbid. God Almighty assisted Hudhoor (AS) miraculously in this lawsuit so that he was not detained by the police. Rather he was honorably acquitted once the official investigation was over. Muslims as well as Hindus helped the Christians in this insidious plot to have Hudhoor (AS) convicted but God Almighty failed their plans miserably.
The District Magistrate offered to grant leave to Hudhoor (AS) to sue the plaintiff for malicious prosecution. Hudhoor (AS) declined to do so saying Dr. Clark would have to answer one day to a higher court. Abdul Hameed was sentenced to nine months imprisonment with forty-four days in solitary confinement. Years later during the time of his retirement in London Captain Douglas observed: “ I was certain that a man with such a good face could not have committed the deeds that he was accused of. He was a smiling, open countenance.”
During the hearing of the lawsuit that was filed by Christian missionary Dr. Martyn Clark, Hudhoor (AS) set a shining example of telling the truth no matter what. Ahmadi children should always keep this incident in mind.
Hudhoor had retained a non-Ahmadi lawyer Maulvi Fazal Din to defend him in the lawsuit. On one occasion he suggested to Hudhoor (AS) to submit an affidavit to the court that was not based on facts. When Hudhoor (AS) was asked to go over the statement, he said “the statement is not factual, I am not willing to give any statement that contains a shred of lie”.
The lawyer said to Hudhoor (AS): “ if you are not willing to give such a statement, then you are asking for trouble. You have been charged with murder, in order to get rid of this charge, you must give such a statement”. Hudhoor (AS) replied back:“I will not give a statement which is contrary to the facts. In order to save my neck, why should I earn God’s displeasure? I do not put my trust in such false statements, I trust God Almighty. I am quite certain that He will protect me. “ (Al-Hakam 14th November 1934) The lawyer afterwards stated that he was flabbergasted at Hudoor’s courage. Amazingly he did not want to tell a lie even though he was facing a murder charge. The plaintiff was a Christian, the judge was a Christian and all the Christians, Hindus and Muslims had joined hands in this case. They tried their darnest to have him sentenced by the court, but he did not knuckle under. He refused to sign the false statement. The fact of the matter is that God Almighty gave him honorable discharge because of his truthfulness.
Pandit Lekh Ram was the leader of a Hindu sect Arya Samaj. He was a bitter opponent of Islam and even foul mouthed against the Holy Prophet of Islam (SAS).
Hadhrat Ahmad (AS) was deeply offended. He was ardently jealous of his holy master. He made every effort to reason with Lekh Ram and to persuade him to stop reviling the Apostle of Allah (SAS). Lekh Ram did not stop and thus invited the wrath of God. God Almighty revealed to Hadhrat Ahmad (AS) that this man would be punished for his blasphemy. Finally he made the following announcement on February 20th, 1893.“ Within a span of six years, this person will be grievously punished by God Almighty for his disrespectfulness and profanities he uttered against the Holy Prophet of Islam.” (Aeena Kamalate Islam) In another revelation God Almighty told him: “You will recognize the day of Joy which will be the closest to the day of the Festival.” (Karamate al-Sadiqeen, page 54) Upon publication of these revelations Lekh Ram became even more rebellious. To support his claim he made the following prediction regarding the Promised Messiah (AS): “This person will die of diarrhea within three years……… and none of his offspring will survive. “ (Takzeeb Braheene Ahmadiyya).
Finally God Almighty chose to arbiter between the parties, as Lekh Ram’s prediction was only a figment of his imagination. Not only did Hudhoor (AS) survive the deadline set out in the prophecy, but also his offspring flourished with Allah’s beneficence. Hudhoor’s aforementioned prophecy was fulfilled magnificently. As foretold in the prophecy Lekh Ram was killed within the prescribed period on March 6th 1897 by an unknown assailant. His death took place on the day after the Eid. Scores of people openly confessed that Hadhrat Mirza sahib’s prophecy had been fulfilled with pinpoint accuracy.
In 1897 the Promised Messiah (AS) penned a pamphlet addressed to Queen Victoria of England (1819-1901) on the occasion of her sixty years on the throne. It was titled Tohfae Qaisiriyyah (Gift to the Queen). Two years later in 1899 he wrote another pamphlet entitled Sitare Qaisiriyyah (The Star of the Queen). Both pamphlets contained brilliant exposition of Islamic teachings. He also invited her to enter into the fold of Islam.
On January 3rd, 1898 the Promised Messiah (AS) inaugurated the first Ahmadiyya School that he named Taleem al-Islam School. Hadhrat Shaikh Yaqoob Ali Irfani (RA) was appointed its first principal. Explaining the purpose of this institution Hudhoor (AS) said that Ahmadi children should receive religious instruction as well as secular. He stated that when these children grow up they should become true Ahmadi Muslims and serve Islam to the best of their ability. The school is still operating in Qadian.
Al-Hakam, the first weekly newspaper of Ahmadiyya Jamaat started its publication in 1897. Hadhrat Shaikh Yaqoob Ali Irfani (RA) was its proprietor and editor. During the first year it was published from Amritsar, but in 1898 it was transferred to Qadian. Another newspaper Badr started publication in 1902 that was edited by Hadhrat Mufti Muhammad Sadiq (RA). These two periodicals played a pivotal role in preserving revelations, speeches and table talks of the Promised Messiah (AS), besides recording many milestones in the early history of Ahmadiyya Jamaat. Review of Religions, the monthly periodical in English was established in 1902 and has been published consistently.
In January 1898 Hudhoor, peace be on him, published a book Kitab al-Bariyya. In it he published an announcement for a cash prize of 20,000 Rupees to be awarded to any person who would bring forth a single tradition of the Prophet of Islam (SAS) indicating that Hadhrat Isa (AS) has bodily ascended to the heaven and would return in the latter days. Over one hundred years have gone by since this challenge was given to the world. Of those who hold the belief that Hadhrat Isa (AS) is alive & sitting in the heavens, none of them has dared to accept this challenge. This itself is an undeniable proof that this belief is irrational and against the sublime teachings of Islam and admonitions of our Holy Prophet Muhammad, peace & blessings of Allah be on him.
God Almighty demonstrated many heavenly signs in support of the Promised Messiah (AS). One of the signs He manifested in support of the Promised Messiah (AS) was the sudden appearance of plague in the province of Punjab. On February 6th, 1898 Hadhrat Ahmad (AS) saw in a vision: “Angels of God are planting black trees in different places of Punjab. These plants are very ugly, black, frightening and stunted. I asked the person planting these trees, what kind of trees are these? He replied that these were plague trees, which would spread in the country very shortly.” (Ayyam al-Sulh, page 121) It is noteworthy that this virulent disease was unheard of in the history of Punjab. His opponents ridiculed him. Next winter, in fulfillment of this revelation, bubonic plague broke out in various cities of Punjab. The havoc created by this scourge was surely a stern reminder of the day of judgement. With an average of thirty to forty thousand people dying every week, thousands of villages, towns, and cities were deserted overnight. The prophecy had a positive impact on right-minded people, a lot of them joined the Community.
The Promised Messiah (AS) announced that all his true followers will be saved and will not die of this deadly disease. Indeed God Almighty saved his Messenger, his family and all of his faithful followers as foretold in the following prophecy: “I will protect all those who are within the periphery of your house”. (Kashtee Nooh, page 4, October 5th, 1902)
On April 11th, 1900 the Promised Messiah delivered a sermon in Arabic in Aqsa mosque on the day of Eid al-Azha. This was the first time that Hudhoor (AS) delivered a sermon in Arabic language without prior preparation or notes. Hadhrat Maulvi Abdul Karim (RA) translated the sermon for the congregation. The entire text of the sermon is recorded in the book Khutba Ilhamiya.
A tradition of the Holy Prophet of Islam (SAS) states that the Promised Messiah will descend by the white minaret to the East of Damascus. In order to have this prophecy fulfilled literally as well as spiritually, Hadhrat Ahmad (AS) proposed the construction of a minaret in the courtyard of the Aqsa Mosque in Qadian. Members sent in donations enthusiastically for this project. Hudhoor (AS) laid the foundation stone in 1903, unfortunately the construction work stopped due to insufficient funds. Eventually the work resumed in 1914 during the Caliphate of Hadhrat Musleh Mauood (RA) and completed in December 1916.
For the population census of 1901 the Promised Messiah (AS), proposed the name Musalman Firqah Ahmadiyya (Ahmadiyya Muslim Sect) for his Community. Since then our Community is called Ahmadiyya Muslim Jamaat, its members Ahmadi Muslims.
Hadhrat Sahibzada Syed Abdul Lateef (RA) was a very revered person from the province of Khost, Afghanistan. He had thousands of followers. He was so respected by the ruler of Afghanistan that King Habibullah Khan; Ameer of Kabul invited him at his coronation to perform the crowning ceremony. He had read some of the books of Promised Messiah (AS) that made a deep impression on him.
He visited Qadian in 1902 to have an audience with Hadhrat Ahmad (AS). He accepted Ahmadiyyat in his first meeting with the Promised Messiah. He immensely enjoyed the company of the Promised Messiah (AS) so much so that he decided to stay in Qadian a little longer. During his stay he received revelations repeatedly forewarning him to be prepared to sacrifice himself for Ahmadiyyat.
Eventually he went back to Afghanistan with Hudoor’s consent. When the Ameer of Kabul found out that Sahibzada Sahib had converted to Ahmadiyyat, he was arrested and imprisoned for four months. Many leading citizens of Kabul and the Ameer himself tried to persuade Hadhrat Sahibzada to renounce Ahmadiyyat. “How can I relinquish the truth?”, was his reply. The religious divines had him declared a heretic, and the Ameer ordered to have him stoned to death.
On July 14th, 1903 when he was about to be stoned, he was told once again to recant so he could be spared from death. “My life and my family means nothing to me, as opposed to my faith that I cannot relinquish to save my neck” the martyr replied. He was buried up to his waist in the ground and stoned. The stoning continued on until his soul departed from his body to Allah. Inna lillahe wa inna ilahey rajeoon
We are from Allah; indeed to Him we return
On his martyrdom, Promised Messiah (AS) expressed his grief in the following words: O’ Abdul Lateef, may you be blessed thousands of times as you proved your sincerity in my lifetime… This was a most merciless killing that has no match in this age. What folly has this Amir committed that he has ruined himself by his merciless killing of such an innocent person. O land of Afghanistan, bears witness that a grave offence has been committed in thee. O, unfortunate land thou has fallen in the estimation of God in that this great tragedy was enacted in thee. (Tazkara as-Shahadatayn, page 72) As foretold by Hadhrat Ahmad, peace be on him, in the above prophecy, the entire family of Ameer Habibullah Khan was wiped out because of this barbaric crime. The Ameer himself and his brother Nasrullah Khan were both assassinated, later on his family was forced to go into exile. The day after the stoning, a severe epidemic of cholera broke out in Kabul that killed thousands of citizens including close relatives of the Amir. The country has been in turmoil ever since Hadhrat Sahibzada sahib was martyred.
In 1904 the Promised Messiah (AS) received a revelation in Urdu: An Eastern power and the delicate situation of Korea. The same year Russo-Japanese was started in which Russia suffered defeat. By the Treat of Portsmouth 1905 Japan gained full authority over Korea. The prophecy was fulfilled with grandeur.
On April 15th, 1904 the Promised Messiah (AS) announced that it has been revealed to him that the world would soon be overtaken by a terrible calamity. He indicated that the Czar of Russia would be afflicted with great misery. In 1905 Czar was the most powerful monarch on earth with staggering wealth. The prophecy was fulfilled when the First World War broke out and the Czar wiped out alongwith his family by the Bolshevik revolution in 1918. On January 15th, 1906 the Promised Messiah (AS) received a revelation (Persian): The palace of the Emperor of Iran has been shaken. At the time the King of Iran Muzaffar al-Din Shah was secure in his kingdom. He died on January 8th, 1907 and was succeeded by his son Muhammad Ali Shah. Soon the political unrest started in the country. There were clashes between the royal guards and the people. The Shah dissolved the parliament. The civil war broke out on a large scale. The King abdicated the throne on July 15th 1909. The prophecy of Hadhrat Ahmad (AS) was thus clearly fulfilled.
In 1905 two distinguished scholars of our Community passed away, i.e. Hadhrat Maulvi Abdul Karim Siyalkoti (RA), and Hadhrat Maulvi Burhan al-Din Jehlumi (RA). After pondering over the matter the Promised Messiah (AS) decided that it was vital to produce a new generation of Islamic scholars in order to replace the old ones. In consultation with members of the Community, it was decided to start a theology department within Taleem al-Islam High School. Thus was laid the foundation of Madrassa Ahmadiyya.
The same year the Promised Messiah (AS) received the following revelation (Arabic). I have been shown that the country might be ruined by Divine chastisement. Neither permanent residences, nor temporary ones will afford security, both will be afflicted. (Tadhkira, page 302)On the early morning of April 4th, 1905 there was an earthquake at Kangra, a town located 14 km from the military cantonment of Dharmsala in the Punjab. In a matter of seconds it demolished many houses and caused large-scale devastation in Kanagra itself as well as in the neighboring towns of Dalhousie and Bakloh.
It was an earthshaking event, causing lot of death and destruction. About 20,000 people lost their lives. Exactly as foretold by the prophecy many temporary residences like military barracks, hotels, and holidays-resorts as well as permanent residences like temples, houses, hospitals were reduced to rubble. It is noteworthy that the earthquake killed not a single Ahmadi family living in the affected towns.
Toward the end of 1905 Hudhoor (AS) repeatedly received revelations signaling that his end was near. He saw in a dream that someone gave him cold water to drink in a new earthen vessel and the revelation came (Persian): Water of life. The water in the dream was no more than two or three drop, meaning only two or three years remaining. He also received the following revelation in Arabic:
Qaraba ajaluka al-muqaddar (Tadhkira page 308)
The end of thy appointed term is approaching.
It clearly indicated that the term of his life was nearing its end. As a consequence Hudhoor (AS) decided to give crucial advice to the Jamaat, and published a treatise that he called al-Wasiyyat (The Will). He advised the members that through prophets and reformers Allah manifests one of His blessings and after their departure He establishes Caliphate, which is the second manifestation of His divine power. It happened at the time of the Holy Prophet (SAS) and now it will happen again. Hudhoor (AS) wrote further:“You must not be sad at what I have described. Your hearts ought not be sorrowful because it is incumbent that you must see the second manifestation (caliphate) of God also". It is evident from the above quotation that when he foretold his death, at the same time he gave the glad tiding of the establishment of Caliphate. He assured the members that God Almighty will undoubtedly take care of the Jamaat through the institution of Caliphate.
Pursuant to a Divine commandment Hudhoor (AS) also made known in his booklet “al-Wasiyyat” the establishment of a celestial cemetery (Bahishti Maqbara). God Almighty showed him a plot of land in a vision that was called Bahishti Maqbara. It was shown to him that it contained the graves of such select members of his Community who are destined to be in heaven. Accordingly Hudhoor (AS) donated a parcel of land belonging to him and named it Bahishti Maqbara. For anyone to be buried there, following three requirements had to be fulfilled: Whoever desires to be buried in this graveyard should contribute towards the expenses of its maintenance according to his capacity.
Whoever desires to be buried therein should make a testamentary disposition that one tenth of his property shall, under direction of the Movement, be devoted to the propagation of Islam, and carrying out the teachings of the Quran. It will be open to every righteous person whose faith is perfect to provide for this purpose in his will more than one tenth, but it shall not be less. Whoever shall lead a righteous life and abstain from all that is prohibited and shall not do anything that amounts to association of something with God or to innovation in the faith. He should be a true and sincere Muslim. (Al-Wasiyyat pp 16-19)
In accordance with the above instructions, Bahishti Maqbara has been operating in Qadian and in Rabwah where those Ahmadis are buried who have fulfilled the above conditions. Every Ahmadi firmly believes that only those members destined for Paradise are buried in this heavenly cemetery.
In January 1906 Hudhoor (AS) instituted the Central Ahmadiyya Council to look after the administrative affairs of the Jamaat. The first president of this council was Hadhrat Maulana Noor al-Din, who was appointed by Hazart Ahmad (AS).
The head of this Council is called Nazre Aala (Executive Director). The Anjuman consists of various Nazarats (departments) like Treasury, Education, Justice, Properties, Propagation, Pensions, Guidance, Publication, Finance, and General Welfare. A Nazir (Director) heads each of the departments. The head offices of the Council are located in Qadian & Rabwah. On March 1st, 1906 Sahibzada Mirza Bashiruddin Mahmud Ahmad started the publication of a magazine “Tasheez al-Azhan” (sharpening of the minds) with the permission of the Promised Messiah (AS). The purpose of this periodical was to educate Ahmadi youths. A public library was also established in 1908 by Sahibzada sahib under the name Anjuman Tasheez al-Azhan. Lot of people donated money and books for this project.
Dr. John Alexander Dowie was an American who proclaimed that God has in the ‘Spirit and Power of Elijah’ sent him. He set forth to spread Christianity. He also stated that he intended to wipe out Islam. He made insulting remarks about the Prophet of Islam (SAS) and hurled invective at Hadhrat Ahmad (AS). When Hazart Ahmad (AS) came to know of this, he challenged him to a prayer duel. “The best way to determine whether Dowie’s God is true or ours, is that Mr. Dowie should stop making prophecies about the destruction of all Muslims. Instead he should keep me alone in his mind and pray that if one of us is fabricating a lie, he should die before the other.” Review of Religions, Sept. 1902, Vol I, No 9 Hudhoor (AS) further observed: “If Dowie runs away from this challenge, be sure that a great catastrophe is about to befall on Zion”. (Haqiqat al-Wahee, page 71) When Dr. Dowie was told of this challenge, he boasted: "Can you imagine me answering to these gnats, and flies. If I were to put my foot on them, I could crush them to Death.” (Leaves of Healing, December 27th, 1903) Eventually he was punished for his arrogance and was chastised according to the prophecy of the Promised Messiah, peace be on him. His wife and son turned against him and did not attend his funeral. He could not speak because of a stroke of paralysis on December 19th, 1905 while giving a speech.
His followers deserted him after finding out that he had embezzled $2,529,766. That he led a lustful life and was an alcoholic. His newly built city Zion (70km north of Chicago) was torn by internal dissension. In the first week of March 1907 he died in utter grief, misery and helplessness.
The world press took special interest in this Mubahila (prayer duel); over 30 newspapers in the US published the news story. The Boston Herald in its issue of June 23, 1907 observed:
“Dowie died with his friends away from him and his fortune dwindled. He suffered from paralysis and insanity. He died a miserable death, with Zion city torn and frayed by internal dissension. Mirza comes forward frankly and states that he has won his challenge”.
Some of the important travels of Hadhrat Ahamd (AS) are Ludhiana 1884, Delhi 1884, Hoshiarpur 1886, Patiala 1888, Ludhiana 1889, Aligarh 1889, Amritsar 1891, Dehli 1891, Lahore 1892, Sialkot 1892, Kapurthala 1892, Sialkot 1904, & Lahore 1908.
On April 27th, 1908 Hudhoor (AS) traveled with his family to Lahore. He delivered many speeches, met many dignitaries belonging to different faiths. Being a Prince of Peace he composed a treatise “Payghame Sulah” (A Message of Reconciliation) on May 25th outlining his proposals to bring Hindus & Muslims together. He exhorted both communities to sign a peace treaty and start enjoying the fruits of peace.
A banquet was arranged on May 17th for the dignitaries of Lahore and on the insistence of the guests, he spoke for two hours outlining his claims, teachings and refutations of objection raised against him.
All the while he was constantly receiving revelations regarding his imminent demise. On May 20th, he received his last revelation (Arabic): Ar-Raheelo Suma ar-Raheelo wal-Mauto Qareebun
Time for departure, again time for departure, death is fast approaching.
Hudhoor (AS) fell ill around 11 p.m. on May 25th. Despite the best medical care provided to him, his condition did not stabilize. On May 26th at 10:30am he breathed his last and met his dearly loved Creator. Inna lillahe wa inna elahe rajeoon
We are from Allah and indeed to Him we return.
The last words on his blessed lips were (Urdu): Allah, meray piyaray Allah
Lord, my dear Lord
At the time of his death, he was 74 years of age according to solar calendar, and 76 according to lunar calendar.
Although Hudhoor (AS) had been receiving revelations for some time concerning his death and which had intensified during the last days of his life, members of the Jamaat were shattered and bewildered because of his death after such a short illness. Muslim as well as non-Muslim leaders were equally saddened and expressed their sympathies while professing his sterling qualities. Newspapers called him a conquering general of Islam, the mighty fighter of Islam, pious, righteous and divine like old prophets of Israel. However there were some small-minded adversaries of the Jamaat who did not hesitate to show their enmity on this occasion. They organized a demonstration to spite the Ahmadis at the house where he had passed away. They hurled insults, and their behavior was obnoxious but Ahmadis endured this with utmost patience.
God Almighty blessed him with ten children from his second marriage, five children however died in their infancy. Following are the other five who lived to ripe old ages by Divine grace.
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Sons:
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Hadhrat Mirza Bashiruddin Mahmud Ahmad (RA), Khalifatul Masih II Born 12th January 1889, passed away November 8th, 1965
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Hadhrat Mirza Bashir Ahmad (RA), Born April 20th, 1893, passed away 2nd September 1963
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Hadhrat Mirza Sharif Ahmad (RA), born 24th May 1895, passed away December 26th, 1961. Daughters:
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Hadhrat Nawab Mubaraka Begum (RA), born 2nd March 1897, passed away 23rd May 1977.
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Hadhrat Nawab Amtul Hafeez Begum (RA), born 25th January 1904, passed away on 6th May 1987 in Rabwah.
Hadhrat Ahmad’s sacred remains were taken by rail to Batala. As there was no railroad beyond Batala, the faithful carried the casket on their shoulders to Qadian, a distance of 18km. On May 27th, 1908, before the funeral prayers, Hadhrat Hakim Noor al-Din, may God be pleased with him, was elected unanimously the first Caliph of Ahmadiyya Muslim Jamaat.
By taking the pledge of allegiance on his hand the Community was once again united firmly, thus fulfilling the glad tiding given by the Promised Messiah (AS) in al-Wasiyyat regarding the establishment of the Caliphate.
There were some that thought this Community would disintegrate after his death. They were proven dead wrong. Although a Caliph is elected by members of the Jamaat, it is our unflinching faith that God Almighty appoints a Caliph by inclining the hearts of the believers towards such a person. This is how Hadhrat Maulvi Noor al-Din (RA), one of the earliest disciple and a trusted companion of the Promised Messiah (AS), was chosen Caliph by God Almighty. It was God Almighty who united the Community on his blessed hand. After the election, Hadhrat Khalifat al-Masih the First led the funeral prayers. Throngs of believers who had converged upon Qadian paid their last respects to their holy master. He was laid to rest in Bahishti Maqbara at 6pm on May 27th, 1908. Thus departed an extraordinary human being from the world whose advent did the Holy Prophet of Islam (SAS) foretell, and through whom progress of Islamic faith is destined in this age. He was the greatest champion of Islam in more than a millennium.
The Promised Messiah (AS) penned 81 books in lucid and logical exposition of the sublime teachings of Islam. Some of his noteworthy works are:
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Braheene Ahmadiyya (Proofs of Amadiyya) - 1880
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Fathey Islam (Victory of Islam) - 1891
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Aeena Kamalate Islam (Mirror of Excellences of Islam) - 1893
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Barkat al-Dua (The Blessings of Prayer) - 1893
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Anjame Atham (The End of Atham) - 1896
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Islamee Usook kee Philosophy (Philosophy of the Teachings of Islam) - 1896
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Maseeh Hindostan Mein (Jesus in India) - 1896
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Zaroorat al-Imam (The Need for an Imam) - 1897
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Tohfae Qaisiriyyah (A Gift to the Queen) - 1897
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Siraje Muneer (The Bright Lamp) - 1897
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Tiryaq al-Qoloob (The Elixir of the Heart) - 1899
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Kashtee Nooh (The Ark of Noah) - 1902
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Tazkirat as-Shahadatayn (Narration of two Martyrdom) - 1903
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Payghame Sulh (Message of Reconciliation) - 1908
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