:salam2:
Zakat is an obligatory from the charity, and one of the give pillars of Islam, which is required of Muslims once their wealth is equivalent or exceed a certain threshold (known as “Nisab”) for one full Lunar year (known as “Hawl”). As clearly stated in the Qur’an and the authentic Hadith of the Prophet Muhammad 
. As Allah SWT said in the Holy Qur’an:
“**And establish prayer and give zakat, and whatever good you put forward for yourselves - you will find it with Allah, Indeed, Allah of what you do, is Seeing” **(The Qur’an Chapter 2: Verses 110).
Zakat is prescribed to serve philanthropic purposes, which include providing for the needy and achieving social justice among members of society. The payment of Zakat, is a purification from selfishness and greed. As Allah SWT mentioned:
“Take, (O’ Muhammad), from their wealth a charity by which you purify them and cause them increase, and invoke (Allah’s blessings) upon them. Indeed, you invocations are reassurance for them. And Allah is Hearing and Knowing.” (The Qur’an Chapter 9: verse 103).
It is considered a blessing which protects and increases the wealth of the payers in their life and leads to great reward from Allah the Almighty in the Hearafter and protection from punishment of fire of Hell, as Allah SWT mentioned:
“And whatever you give for interest to increase within the wealth of people will not increase with Allah. But what you give in Zakat, desiring the countenance of Allah - those are the multipliers” (The Qur’an Chapter 30: verse 39).
Zakat leads to stronger social communion and solidarity among members of society. It helps in the eradiction of poverty and the enchancement of morality and love. As Allah SWT mentioned in the Qur’an:
“My mercy encompasses all things. So I will decree it [especially] for those who fear Me and give Zakat and those who belie ve in Our verses” (The Qur’an Chapter 7 verse 156).
**The Presence of the Intention: **Although the payment of voluntary charity is greatly recommended and rewarded, it cannot be a substitute for the payment of obligatory Zakat which is calculated as illustrated here and which must be paid with such intention.
**Nisab - Conditions for its Fulfillment
**
- Payment of Zakat is obligatory once a person’s wealth equals or exceeds the “Nisab”. The “Nisab” is specified as 85 grammes of pure gold or 595 grammes of pure silver or their equivalent in cash and funds of all types, such as stocks, properties of all kinds, tradable assets and all that is mentioned below, the methodology in estimating the Nisab of Zakat in cash money as follow: price of grame Gold today x 85 = (Nisab). For example, if price of one gramme Gold today is BD 19 [50.53US$], then Nisab will be BD 1, 165 [3098.40US$]. If you at least have an amount equivalent or exceeds the Nisab, for one full lunar year, you must pay Zakat at 2.5% on this full amount.
- The Zakat payer’s Lunar year begins on the date when a person’s wealth reaches the Nisab. To simplify matters and to avoid the repetition of Zakat date within a single Lunar year, it is acceptable for a Muslim to specify a single date on which to pay Zakat and to adhere to such date every year whether on full Lunar year has passed on every portion of his/her wealth or not, assuming that his/her wealth has the Nisab on this date.
- If a person dies before he/she has paid Zakat and it is due, his/her heirs must pay it from his/her estate, after settling debts before paying bequests. Children, minors, orphans, widows and widowers must pay Zakat on their wealth if the conditions mentioned above are met. This is because Zakat is tied to wealth and not individuals or status. Therefore, guardians (of minors) and trustees of such people should pay Zakat on their behalf.
**Who is Entitled to Zakat?
**Zakat may only be paid to the eight categories mentioned in the Qur’an Chapter 9 Verse 60, namely:
- The poor, classified as someone who doesn’t have sufficient resources to meet half of his/her basic needs
- The needy, classified as someone who doesn’t have sufficient resources to meet all of his/her basic needs
- Collectors and distributors of Zakat (as in wages),
- To those who have recently embraced Islam, for example, to compensate them for difficulties they may face as a result
- In order to free a slave
- To support debtors who genuinely cannot pay off their debts
- In the cause of Allah, which is everything intended to champion Allah’s word, and
- To support the traveler stranded far from home.
It is preferred for Zakat to be paid first to relatives only if they fall within one of the eight categories mentioned above, then to the people of the same village, city or country and then people of other countries. It is also preferred for the person paying Zakat to pay it directly him or herself, if he/she knows those who are entitled to it, so that compassion and benevolence may be engrained in their heart. Otherwise, he/she may delegate this task to others.
Who is Not Entitled to Zakat?
Zakat should not be paid to those whom the person paying Zakat is obligated to support, for instance a wife, children, grand children, parents and grandparents. However, a wife may pay Zakat to her husband if he falls within one of the eight categories above. Also, the following are not entitled to receive Zakat:
- Those who have wealth
- Those who are able to find a job and earn a living but choose not to do so
- The family of Prophet Muhammad which are the progency of Bani Hashim.
Method of Calculating Zakat
The method of calculating Zakat is generally as follows: (total Zakatable wealth less total debts due within the coming year only) multiplied by 2.5% - the amounts to be paid and distributed among those who fall under the eight categories. A more detailed explanation follows in the table:
**ZAKAT CALCULATION TABLE
**
[TABLE]
S#
TYPE OF WEALTH
RULING
AMOUNT
IMPORTANT REMARKS
1.
Gold, silver and precious stones for the sake of trade or investment
Zakatable
Zakat is payable on its market value
2.
Gold and silver for a woman’s personal use
Not Zakatable
No Zakat is payable if the jewelry is used within a woman’s social status. But Zakat must be paid for the quantity which is beyond that. If a woman wants to pay Zakat voluntarily on all of her gold and silver jewelry she is allowed to do so. No Zakat is payable on jewelry worn by a woman not made from gold and silver, like diamonds and other precious stones.
3.
Cash in hand
Zakatable
4.
Balance of current accounts
Zakatable
5.
Balance of saving and other deposit accounts
Zakatable
Zakat is payable on balance and earned profits.
6.
Shares owned for trading (buying and selling)
Zakatable
Calculated at their market value.
7.
Shares held for capital gain or dividend (long term investment)
Not Zakatable
Zakat is payable as advised by the respective company ofn each of the company’s shares or calculated on the net working capital (current assets less current liabilities). Any dividends received are Zakatable.
8.
Employee’s rights in pension funds and social insurance, which have not been paid out
Not Zakatable
If the employee receives such benefits, he/she must pay Zakat once one full Lunar year has passed from date of receipt.
9.
Savings for marriage, pilgrimage or to buy a car, house, etc.
Zakatable
Zakat is payable on such funds if not used for the intended purpose.
10.
Residential property and furniture personal use
Not Zakatable
11.
Properties intended for sale (whether land or building under construction, or a building ready for sale) held by a person in the business of buying and selling properties)
Zakatable
Zakat is calculated on the market value of such properties, provided that one full Lunar year has passed with the properties under the ownership of the individual.
12.
Properties intended for rent
Not Zakatable
However, Zakat is payable on the rental income on Zakat due date.
13.
Properties held an individual who is not in the business of buying and selling, but who may sell out of need or at favorable market condition.
Not Zakatable
Zakat is payable for one year at the time of sale if one full Lunar year has passed, even if the individual has owned the property for more than one year.
14.
Good available for sale
Zakatable
Zakat is payable on the market value as the Zakat date.
15.
Plant, equipment and tools used for manufacturing
Not Zakatable
16.
Debts owed to you by others, which are not doubtful
Zakatable
Zakat is payable on the loaned amount as if it were cash in hand. However, if the borrower is in financial difficulty, or if he/she defaults or repudiates the debt, and you do not have any evidence to prove the debt, no Zakat is payable on the loaned amount. If the loan is eventually settled and at least one full Lunar year has passed on this wealth Zakat must be paid for only one year regardless of the number of years already passed on the loan.
A
Total Zakatable wealth
B
Less: Total debts due with the coming year only
( )
C
Net Zakatable wealth (A-B)
2.5%
D
Zakat rate
E
Zakat amount distributable to those who are entitled to it (CxD)
TLK Bhai 