women in hinduism

@ least some things settle down fast

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good job guys

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“The only way to have a friend is to be one.”

.

[This message has been edited by Admin (edited April 13, 2001).]

Praise be to The Lord of the universe and Peace and Blessings be on the
Nobelest of Prophets and Messengers , Prophet Muhammad and also on his
family and Companions altogether

Dear Muslim sister

Who ordered you to wear hijab?

Don’t be surprised before you read :

  • A female student requested one of her friend’s to come with her to the
    defense of her Masters degree. This meeting was with male teachers , and
    her friend told her : " O (…) don’t you know that we are in the 20th
    century?!!"

  • A Female doctor in one of the hospitals , as soon as she wore her
    doctors’ dress , she took off her modesty and she went on revealing her
    face (there are different opinions on whether you have to cover the face
    or not as a general rule but the situation we live in today makes
    covering the face much better), and her hair, and opening a part of her
    dress from the bottom as if it is a necessary requirement of the
    profession of Medicine , and that is that the person has to abandon his
    Religion and that a woman has to take off the dress of modesty and
    chastity..!!

  • I visited some of my relatives , and they were the kind of people that
    make sure that they are modest and conservative in the way they dress ,
    and all of a sudden the driver entered to the sitting room as if he was
    a member of the family, and as if it wasn’t permissible to cover in his
    presence.!

Sister…

Do you think that these ladies know why they are covering themselves?!

Their state indicates that they view hijab as a one of society’s
traditions ,that is inherited, they got it from their covered mothers ,
and in obedience to their fathers who order them to cover,and because it
is inheritence and culture that has to be preserved..didn’t she ask
herself one day why she wore the hijab? And who is being Obeyed when she
does this? It is Obedience to Allah who Said :

" O Prophet! Tell your wives and your daughters and the women of the
believers to draw their cloaks (veils) all over their bodies (i.e.screen
themselves completely except the eyes or one eye to see the way). That
will be better, that they should be known (as free respectable women) so
as not to be annoyed. And Allâh is Ever Oft­Forgiving, Most Merciful. "

Al Ahzab :59

Doesn’t she know that she is obeying the Order of her Creator , and her
Sustainer, and the Creator of the skies and the earth, He who knows what
suits his creation and what doesn’t.

To Allâh belongs all that is in the heavens and all that is on the
earth.

Al-Baqarrah :284

and he is your Creator

Such is Allâh, your Lord! Lâ ilâha illa Huwa (none has the right to be
worshipped but He), the Creator of all things. So worship Him (Alone),
and He is the Wakîl (Trustee, Disposer of affairs, Guardian, etc.) over
all things.

Al-Ana’am :102

and he is the one who bestowed his blessings on you

And whatever of blessings and good things you have, it is from Allâh

Al-Nahl :53

and he is the one who takes your soul

And the stupor of death will come in truth: “This is what you have been
avoiding!”

Qaf :19

and He (Exalted and High) is the One who Said :

The Day We shall gather the Muttaqûn (pious - see V.2:2) unto the Most
Beneficent (Allâh), like a delegate (presented before a king for
honour). And We shall drive the Mujrimûn (polytheists, sinners,
criminals, disbelievers in the Oneness of Allâh, etc.) to Hell, in a
thirsty state (like a thirsty herd driven down to water),

Maryam :85-86

and He is The Judge of that Terrible Dreaded Day :

The Day you shall see it, every nursing mother will forget her nursling,
and every pregnant one will drop her load, and you shall see mankind as
in a drunken state, yet they will not be drunken, but severe will be the
Torment of Allâh.

Al-Hajj :2

and He (SWT) is the One who Said :

. On the Day when We will say to Hell: “Are you filled?” It will say:
“Are there any more (to come)?” And Paradise will be brought near to the
Muttaqûn [the pious and righteous persons who fear Allâh much (abstain
from all kinds of sins and evil deeds which He has forbidden) and love
Allâh much (perform all kinds of good deeds which He has ordained)] not
far off.

Qaf :30-31

Sister In Islam:

Did you not read the Saying of Allah (EAH) :

And tell the believing women to lower their gaze (from looking at
forbidden things), and protect their private parts (from illegal sexual
acts, etc.) and not to show off their adornment except only that which
is apparent (like palms of hands or one eye or both eyes for necessity
to see the way, or outer dress like veil, gloves, head-cover, apron,
etc.), and to draw their veils all over Juyubihinna (i.e. their bodies,
faces, necks and bosoms, etc.)

Al-Noor :31

ie not to make apparent any of the adornements to strangers except what
cannot be hidden from the clothes that don’t have a dazzling display
effect,and let her put her head cover on her chest so that she will
cover her chest and her neck.

Al-Bukhari narrated on the authority of Aisha (RAA):

May the Mercy of Allah be on the first muhajir women when Allah revealed
"and to draw their veils all over Juyubihinna " they tore their scarves
and made veils out of them.

Sister:

Don’t say : How can we compare ourselves to them.

and how can we reach what they reached ? ..and nothing surprising there
, for the poet says:

So imitate (them) if you are not like them

for imitation of the noble is success

Sister:

Didn’t you hear the Saying of Allah (EAH) regarding the Wives of the
Prophet :

And when you ask (his wives) for anything you want, ask them from behind
a screen, that is purer for your hearts and for their hearts.

Al-Ahzab :53

Purer for whose hearts sister ??!!!

Purer to the Hearts of the Pure Wives of the Prophet of God the Mothers
of Believers, Purer for the Companions of the Prophet of Allah , who are
the best among this Nation after it’s Prophet, so what is to be said
about our hearts in these days?!

Is the One who Created you and knows the way to your purity like the one
who doesn’t know the way to this purity?!!

O Believing Sister

Allah (EAH) Says :

" O Prophet! Tell your wives and your daughters and the women of the
believers to draw their cloaks (veils) all over their bodies (i.e.screen
themselves completely except the eyes or one eye to see the way). That
will be better, that they should be known (as free respectable women) so
as not to be annoyed. And Allâh is Ever Oft­Forgiving, Most Merciful. "

Al-Ahzab :59

Ibn Abbas said :

“Allah Ordered the wives of the Believers when going out of their houses
for a reason to cover their faces from over their heads with Jalabib.”

Allah Ordered the wives of the Beleivers with that so that they will be
known with chastity and modesty in order not to make evil people desire
anything from them.

and observe whoever gets subjected to harm on the way, and you will find
them ones who go out with dazzling displays

and observe O sister in the following Ayah:

“And as for women past child-bearing who do not expect wed-lock , it is
no sin on them if they discard their (outer) clothing in such a way as
not to show their adornment. But to refrain (i.e. not to discard their
outer clothing) is better for them. And Allâh is All-Hearer,
All-Knower.”

Al-Noor :60

Allah (EAH) informed that the covering of the old woman who does not
desire to get married and does not reveal her adornement is better for
her, while allowing her to remove her dress from her face and hands, how
is that? , who is she…?

The Book Has a Text on Hijab and it did not
allow Muslims to have the dazzling display of (ill mannered) virgins

Sister:

Listen to the saying of your mother , the mother of believers (RAA) when
she asked the Prophet :

" How should women deal with their “tails” (bottom of their dress)?" He
said :“They lower it an inch” She said:“and if their legs are
revealed..” he said : “they lower it an arms length and not add anything
to that”

Unanimously agreed upon

Praise be to Allah!! The Mothers of Beleivers request the dresses to be
longer and our women shorten them and don’t care?!

Our Book and Prophet Prohibited “sufoor”
So let the traces and Ayahs tell you

As for the meaning of Hijab , it is , the covering of the body, and the
title (given) to that group of Social Rules related to the position of
women in The Islamic System, the one That Allah (EAH) legislated to make
as the “strongest of forts” that protects women and the “protective
fence” that protects society from being put into trial, and the
“stabilizing frame” through which a woman can fulfil her job of making
generations , and the “forming” of the Ummah’s future, therefore
participating in the success of Islam and clearing the way for it on
earth.

Signs on the road

Sister

For the one who is hesitant about being devout in wearing the Hijab we
give the following Ayah:

" It is not for a believer, man or woman, when Allâh and His Messenger
have decreed a matter that they should have any option in their
decision. And whoever disobeys Allâh and His Messenger, he has indeed
strayed in a plain error. "

Al-Ahzab :36

and for her who imitates without any awareness , and follows without
guidance , we present the Saying of the Prophet :

“Let not one of you be an emma3a saying I am with the people , if the
people do good I will do good and if they did bad I will do bad ,but
(instead) “establish” yourselves , if the people did good do good and if
they did bad stay away from their bad doing”

And to the one whose state suggests :"If I wear hijab in the country of
Kufr the people will look at me, but If I remove my hijab , I will
become like them and my appearance won’t attract the attention of people
,

we say :" O layman-knowledgable one , being different especially in the
country of Kufar is the Iman that your Creator (EAH) called you to and
it is not permissible for anyone to make “Ijtihad” in the matter of the
hijab after Allah Judged it

Important Stop

Sister :

O you who surrendered to that Unbeliever saying,we got an education
madam ..and among us are doctors and literary women ,an…contd elswhere


barque(bijli) yoon akadti hai apne karname pe ke
jaise phir naya hum aashiyaan bana nahi sakte

If you look to the founders of all religions, they all meditated.

It may also be noted that the founders of all great religions have preached love as being the only proper approach to the Creator, and this love, when properly cultivated by religious sentiment and religious practice, was expected to reflect in love for all that is contained in creation. How this has been forgotten, and religions have had to depend on temptation and fear, is the sorry story of religious decadence.

The whole question of religion is not what we preach, not what we read. It is not by praying you are going to get anything. It is by doing something about your own evolution that you can get something, achieve something, most important, become something

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hai guys
do you know there is reservations for womens from buses ,trains , ----to jobs and education about 33.5%in every aspects in india, it is there only in india and it is going to establish in politics also

in the world no where you can find this much preference given to women ,they pray for women
Know about the real facts

[quote]
Originally posted by rvikz:
**Women and children made tremendous progress in Pakistan. We maintained our top position in the global sweepstakes for highest maternal deaths and sadly the credit for this cannot be given to the PCB chief who had nothing to do with it. Not resting on our laurels, we improved on our 'honour' killing performance by killing more women than ever before. Husbands, fathers, brothers, uncles and servants complied with orders and maimed, slaughtered, shot, strangled, chopped, burnt and raped over 500 women left, right and centre. Honour was vindicated each time and many congratulations to all the hard working males who brought the nation this unique honour. The nation will salute you if we can find a spare soldier anywhere -- they are all busy doing civilian duties. In 2001, we hope to continue the good work and improve this figure. I wish the economy could take a lesson from this. 80% of women between 18-24 were unaware of the terms of their Nikahnamas, which just shows that education has made sweeping progress here. They were blissfully unaware of their rights -- most couldn't tell whether 'rites' applied to them or 'rights' till they were informed that the former was the correct application at which the women rejoiced greatly and danced happily till they were arrested for dancing, also known as obscenity here. Incidentally, stove-killings as a science perfected by in-laws gained support and was popularly being adopted across various socio-economic classes.

3.**
[/quote]

and how does that apply to Islam, religion? is it because of a fault in religin? or is it fault of the follower of the religion?


We oughta be Changez like, don't we?

[quote]
Originally posted by mdnaseer007:
**hai guys
do you know there is reservations for womens from buses ,trains , ----to jobs and education about 33.5%in every aspects in india, it is there only in india and it is going to establish in politics also

in the world no where you can find this much preference given to women ,they pray for women Know about the real facts**
[/quote]

hmmm.... lets see. in Pakistan all male and female together in a bus?? may be Pakistan is out of this world, huh?

They pray for women?? you mean when a women is pregnant every member of family wishes it to be a 'female child' ??? I don't think that you can support any such claim by any means, but if you can, please try so.


We oughta be Changez like, don't we?

[quote]
Originally posted by queer: manusmriti was an ancient indian social treatise. if it could pass of as holy scriptures, so could the arabian nights.
[/quote]

Ibrahim says; Greetings of Peace to one and all

Hmm…another hindu with his own understanding of what manu smrti is! Needless to say current Hindus practice “Do-it-yourself Hinduism” hence they can say anything they like.

But for those who want to understand what manu smrti is

Manu basically means “man” but the manu that hindu scripture refers to is with regards to Prophet Adam (pbuh) (Adam also means man). Hence manu smrti was basically prophet Adams laws. There are 14 manus in Hinduism and these 14 manus corresponds to 14 prophets and their works.

Smrti (means) is basically sacred traditions , these are actually equivalent to hadiths.

Thus manu smrti is a combination of prophetic traditions from Prophet Adam (pbuh) till prophet Ibrahim (pbuh) and most likely his sons

*That was when it was in its original uncorrupted state but the current manu smrti (kept by the hindus) has been corrupted hence it will include all sorts of absurdities and errors nevertheless there are sufficient content within to understand how life was in ancient times *
At the same time manu’s laws are the MOST IMMPORTANT for a Brahmin to adhere to, that is what makes a Brahmin a Brahmin, failing which he will not qualify as a Brahmin. (this is like a Muslim must follow the Qur’an and hadith, failing which he cannot be Muslim)

Concerning Scriptures, the following rule applies in Hinduism

Classical Hinduism has three distinct strands, or paths. These paths are pursued during a succession of lives with a general goal for the individual to be released from their karmic existence. The three paths are named Karmamarga (the Way of Action), Jnanamarga (the Way of Knowledge) and Bhaktimarga (the Way of Devotion). Each Path, or Way, has a major book associated with it.

Karmamarga   - The Manavadharmasastra, or the Laws of Manu, written between 200 BCE and 200 CE. **The Laws of Manu are based on earlier Vedic and Hindu books, generally referred to as the Sutras, of which Manu's is the most important.** The Sutras date back to about 600 BCE. The Laws of Manu lay out the Hindu caste system, describe the stages of life, and the rounds of life.

Jnanamarga - The Upanishads developed between 600 BCE and 200 BCE. The Upanishads lay out the secrete, esoteric knowledge of Hinduism.

Bhaktimarga - The Bhagavadgita is mostly concerned with tendencies within Hinduism toward monotheism. It was written about 200 BCE.

Hopefully the above will provide sufficient info for DIY hindus to get a life and learn the basics of Hinduism before talking nonsense.

Devoted to truth
Ibrahim

The ONLY time you can live is when you are alive DO IT!!! , NO rebirths for anyone!

Gandhi is one of the few modern social reformers to have understood this principle underlying the shastras. Therefore, he could unhesitatingly declare:

"My belief in the Hindu scriptures does not require me to accept every word and every verse as divinely inspired... I decline to be bound by any interpretation, however learned it may be, if it is repugnant to reason or moral sense." (The Collected Work of Mahatma Gandhi, The Publication Division, Government of India, Vol. XXI, p. 246)

He goes on to add:

"1) I believe in varnashrama of the Vedas which in my opinion is based on absolute equality of status, notwithstanding passages to the contrary in the smritis and elsewhere.

2) Every word of the printed works passing muster as `Shastras' is not, in my opinion, a revelation.

3) The interpretation of accepted texts has undergone evolution and is capable of indefinite evolution, even as the human intellect and heart are.

4) Nothing in the shastras which is manifestly contrary to universal truths and morals can stand.

5) Nothing in the shastras which is capable of being reasoned can stand if it is in conflict with reason." (The Collected Work of Mahatma Gandhi, Vol. LXII, p. 121).

Gandhi could present himself as a modern day sage calling upon people to overthrow beliefs and practices that did not conform to principles of equality and justice – or went against "good conscience" – because he had inherited a tradition whereby the power to change its own customary law rested with each community.

People in India have demonstrated time and again that they are willing to accept changes in their customs, provided those who propose change take the trouble to win the confidence of the community, rather than attack or humiliate the community as hostile outsiders. The success of the 19th century social reformers is testimony to this inherent flexibility of Hindu communities. In recent decades, the work of Swadhyaya in parts of western India, the Radhasoamis in Northern India, and many other reform movements have carried forward the same tradition.

[quote]
Originally posted by rvikz: Gandhi is one of the few modern social reformers to have understood this principle underlying the shastras. Therefore, he could unhesitatingly declare:

Ibrahim says; Those are HIS opinions , opinions of people no matter how famous they may be are BUT opinions just like yours and mine can be...BUT sacred teachings are NOT opinions but derived from revelations.

So you have a choice you can chose to follow what you consider had been revealed or follow what others say or what your mind conjures.

The difference off course should be CLEAR to those who have wisdom for those who lack it hey any road will take you there.

Meaning: ** If you do not know where you want to go any road will lead you to it **

[Quote]
People in India have demonstrated time and again that they are willing to accept changes in their customs, provided those who propose change take the trouble to win the confidence of the community, rather than attack or humiliate the community as hostile outsiders.

[/quote]

Ibrahim says: changes to customs and traditions are like the wind, as the wind blows the weather cock changes its directions, it was not the weather cock that changes or that caused the change but it was the wind . hence it has no affects whatsoever.

Hear again it is unpredictable just as the wind may return to its original direction the customs also can creep back, so what is needed is the changes in our moral fiber that mankind need to address and that is what revelations address in principal . Hence the same Revelations had been repeated over and over again but some dumb people cannot understand them, instead of accepting the New version, they would like to restructure the old version to suit their purpose or invent one to suit their purpose thus negating what their Creator had designed for them.

Devoted to truth
Ibrahim

*Even the most perfect being cannot escape the perfect consistency of God’s laws. *

ibrahim adaptation is very fundamental
to human survival.Dogma does not mean the absence of thought, but the end of thought.

[This message has been edited by rvikz (edited August 08, 2001).]

Correct me if I am wrong, A yearsago, there was this article on a young 4 year old girl said to be married to a dog due to some hinduism religious thing. Apparently hindu priests spoke of it as a noble event due to the dog being a some kind of rearcarnated something.

If this is true, how can someone say women are not treated bad, I mean why didn't the damn priest get married to a bitch himself "Pardon me" but that was the way how I felt when I saw that article.

[QUOTE]
Originally posted by rvikz:

Rvikz: ibrahim adaptation is very fundamental to human survival.

Ibrahim says; rvikz! You seem to confuse yourself, my friend!

Adaptation to survive and religion are two different things. In Islam one can even eat pork if it is a question of survival…that is the approved laws from ancient times.

Rvikz: Dogma does not mean the absence of thought, but the end of thought.

Ibrahim says; another confused mind conjuring more confusion I would say. Dogma has a few definitions But in religion we will have to conclude that it is based on God’s words. Hence God had allowed or disallowed or warned against certain things, that does not mean the end of thought but the beginning of thought (wisdom)and the begining of compassion and care for others.

For only when man contemplates why and why and why ( meaning he/she THINKS rationally) they begin to understand the reason for such laws, and thereby accrue wisdom that they NEVER had before.

Read!

  1. The proverbs of Solomon son of David, king of Israel:
    1. for attaining wisdom and discipline; for understanding words of insight;
    2. for acquiring a disciplined and prudent life, doing what is right and just and fair;
    3. for giving prudence to the simple, knowledge and discretion to the young--
    4. let the wise listen and add to their learning, and let the discerning get guidance--
    5. for understanding proverbs and parables, the sayings and riddles of the wise.
    6. *The fear of the LORD is the beginning of knowledge, but fools despise wisdom and discipline. Exhortations to Embrace Wisdom *

Qur’an 35:28

** The erudite among His bondsmen fear Allah alone. Lo! Allah is Mighty, Forgiving.**

Ibrahim says; No !! you are Not wrong, in fact the “use” of animal by hindus is recorded in various chapters of the hindus scriptures. ** These are vile despicable acts that are still practiced due to the worship of idols, Allah (swt) has allowed them to stray and make a mockery of themselves. **

Amongst them include the famous use of the dead horse’s p**** ( after killing the best of them) by woman in the presence of priests known as the ASVAMEDHA SACRIFICE

Further HINDUISM SAYS BESTIALITY IS NOT THAT BAD OF A CRIME

Hinduism states that sex with animals is not nearly as bad as sex with a (human) outcaste; for sex with a cow or some other animal, it’s pardonable, but for sex with a (human) outcaste, a twice-born Hindu should be executed:

“An adulterer shall be made to pay the highest amercement if he has had connection with a woman of his own caste; for adultery with women of a lower caste, the second amercement; the same (fine is ordained) for a bestial crime committed with a cow. He who has had connection with a woman of one of the lowest castes, shall be put to death. For a bestial crime committed with cattle (other than cows) he shall be fined a hundred Karshapanas.” – Visnusmrti 5:40-44.

Just as incest is not an infrequent theme in Hindu scripture, sex with animals is also not an uncommon motif in Hinduism. Indeed, great rishis (sages) have been born through bestiality (ref. Manusmrti 10:69-72.). The rishi Rsyasrnga had a deer for a mom. Furthermore, Pandu (the dad of the five famous Pandava princes) had accidentally killed a rishi who was in animal form having sex with a deer (ref. Mahabharata Adiparvan 95.). Hindu queens and other Aryan women of diverse provinces in ancient Hindustan used to have sex with dead horses during the Asvamedha sacrifice, and Lord Rama’s mom Kausalya spent an entire night having sex with a carcass of a sacrificial horse in Valmiki Ramayana (ref. Ramayana 1:13:24-33.). Bestiality depictions have also been found at the Khajuraho temple-complex in Hindustan.

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good reminder. but I don’t know if actual HINDUISM would support such a thing. In our villages, girls are married to Quran to protect the inheritance (viraasat) of father if they are unable to find ‘suitable’ match for her

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We oughta be Changez like, don’t we?

I would attribute that above incident to the same thing where muslims killed a couple a few days ago for some forbidden love.

It is not religion. It is illiteracy and being disconnected from the rest of the world.

Show me a Hindu book that authorises dog marriage written in the last 3000 years!

In hinduism, books, scriptures are always being written. Sankaracharya's "soundharya lahari" of 7th Century, Avvayar's "aathi chudi" of 9th Century, Thulsi das, Kabir Das's books of the previous millenium, Subrahmanya "bharathiyars' Kavaithaigal" are all treated with the same respect as Ramayana or mahabharatha.

Books (or scriptures) are written by people. (sorry for NOT accepting to the common belief that some are written by god). These people write books based on the era they wrote their books. books written 6000 years ago do not mean a practice is allowed in present day India.

Social disasters like the above occur in every part of the world, in every religion, including Hinduism and Islam. The causes are illiteracy and lack of awareness, not a scripture written 6000 years ago (for they may not even know of that scripture).

Last but not the least, please do not quote from Hate sites like Dalitstan.org or thenordernreligion.com. There are zillion other Hindu, Islamic sites, thatgive u better info.

[This message has been edited by kumarakn (edited August 09, 2001).]

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I agree.

Can you please give us a website address which would show us present day beleifs of Hindu (what they should beleif or supposed to be beleiving as a Hindu)???

Also, please give names of books that are considered “representation of today’s Hindu beleif”.(a website address would be appreciated).

An in any Normal distribution of defects, where extremities constitute less than 1% of sample, today's practices, the rules that majorty of Hindu Indians agree and abide by is the exact representation of the current version of Hinduism.

As do all religions, including Islam, Hinduism may have some weaknesses. Social awareness, literacy and economic growth is the only solution to these issues.

FYI: Do you know that mensturating women were considered kinda unholy in olden hinduism? Not any more, at least in majority of South India. They are allowed to do Abhishekams in the sanctum sanctorum of the diety!

[quote]
Originally posted by kumarakn:
**An in any Normal distribution of defects, where extremities constitute less than 1% of sample, today's practices, the rules that majorty of Hindu Indians agree and abide by is the exact representation of the current version of Hinduism.

As do all religions, including Islam, Hinduism may have some weaknesses. Social awareness, literacy and economic growth is the only solution to these issues.

FYI: Do you know that mensturating women were considered kinda unholy in olden hinduism? Not any more, at least in majority of South India. They are allowed to do Abhishekams in the sanctum sanctorum of the diety!**
[/quote]

so there is no book for Hindus to follow today? what about if they live in an alien land (a country where someone hardly finds a Hindu.?

That to me is the beauty of Hinduism. It is NOT bound by books. Hinduism was never bound by one school of thought.

In fact in "Shatadarshanani" - book compiled during 3000 BC, it says, there are 6 major streams of this faith (They don't call it Hinduism then); And in addition to this there were many more minor streams.

**
[li] Hinduism in virtually undogmatic [/li][li] It was never founded by a person or group of persons[/li][li] Nobody is considered to be the supreme leader of Hindus[/li][li] There is no final book or website or natural phenomenon that holds the ultimate say.[/li][li] Thus, Hinduism EVOLVES continuously. and that is why it is referred by some scholars as "SANATANA DHARMA" - meaning, it is an "ETERNAL PRACTICE"**[/li]

That is why I said

[quote]
As in any Normal distribution of defects, where extremities constitute less than 1% of sample, today's practices - the rules that majorty of Hindu Indians agree and abide by is the exact representation of the current version of Hinduism.
[/quote]

[This message has been edited by kumarakn (edited August 09, 2001).]