When did the Sunni Sects Exist?
It is certain that there was nothing called “Sunni sects” in the
lifetime ofthe Holy Prophet (s.w.), not even after his demise. The
Sunni sects have emerged in the 3rd and 4th centuries (Hijri) as a
result of political and dogmatic differences. Some of those sects
have been abrogated andother were authorized.
We have here some questions in regard to this subject:
1- Why were some of those sects authroized and other were
rejected?Are there any Quranic evidences and demonstrations, or
prophetic traditions that urge us to follow, for example, the Hanafi
or Maaliki sect?Weren’t the founders of the rejected sects
mujtahids? If so, hasn’t any mujtahis the right to disclose his own
opinion, like Abu Hanifa who practised ijtihad - which he remained
doing so till the end of his life?
2- Were the four famous sects existing in the time of the caliphs?
Were the caliphs performing their duties and judging people
according to their own opinions?
We can notice the great difference between the Sunnis in the time
of the Umayyad, Abbasid, and the Ottoman dynasties, and
between the Sunnis in present time, especially in regard to issues
of fiqh and beliefs.
3- Can we trust those traditions fabricated by the oppressive
Umayyad,Abbasid and Ottoman caliphs; traditions which were
fabricated in their own benefit and to keep them in power -
traditions which were cosider to be the exact words of the Holy
Prophet (s.w.)?
4- Can we regard all the savage behaviours of the partisans called
“the Army of Sahabah” or the Wahhabites as Islamic propagation,
and that they are guiding people to the true rules of Islam? Are the
Sunnis propagating the true sunnah of the Holy Prophet (s.w.), or in
fact, theyare propagating the sunnah of the Umayyads and the
Abbasids?
5- Were there any sects in the lifetime of the Holy Prophet (s.w.)?
Allhistorical records confirm that there were not any sects in that
time.Moreover, the term “Sunni” had generated in the time of
Mu`awiyah and later on.
6- Wasn’t the belief of the determinists declaring that man must
obey hisruler, no matter whether he (i.e. the ruler) was just or
oppressor? Wasn’t the opinion that “all the companions are just”
derived from the false traditions which Mu`awiyah and the
Umayyads had generated?
7- Is it correct to return to the old texts of a person who died
centuries ago, to derive new issues?
8- Why do the Sunnis return to persons who died 13 centuries ago
while they can consult contemporary scholars (faqihs) and eminent
ulamawho have obtained high ranks not less than those who have pasted? Why isn't there any scholar (mujtahid) among the Sunnis who can save them from disputes and answer their religious questions of the day, while the Shiites have many scholars in every time and
place?
Is the present knowledge and science the same as the knowledge
and science of past times? Are the needs of our communities
today the sameas those which were existing 1,300 years ago?
9- Why don’t the Sunnis follow the fatwa of the shaykh
Mahmoud Shaltoot, the dean al-Azhar who considered Shiism as an authorized sect, as he says it depends on the intellectual and fiqh bases? Isn't thata clear religious prejudice? Is not Shiism the
right sect which is basedon that which the Holy Prophet (s.w.) had
recommended? Wasn’t the famous tradition (i.e., “I am leaving with
you two weighty things(Thaqalayn); if you adhered to them, you
won’t be misguided at all. Theyare the Book of Allah and my
family”) sufficient to follow the Shia sect?Have you any other evidences to prove the correctness of the famous four sects? Surely the answer will be "NO"! If you study the Shia books without
partisanship or prejudice, you will certainly not find any kind
of contradictions and you will notice that they are not forging lies
against anyone. However, we may find some Sunnis when they
want to investigate other sects and their beliefs, they depend only
on their own scholars’ (shaykhs’) speeches and opinions without
paying any attention to the ideas of the `ulama of the other sects. Is
it correct to follow such methodology to investigate another sects’
teachings?