I was somewhat afraid to post to this thread knowing my limited knowledge but since no one posted, I thought this thread was different enough not to let it slide by. So please excuse this effort of mine and I 'll try not to get ambitious in this reply...
Let's take your questions in a better order than what you put forward...
Are all jews originally from Israel ?
Judaism considers Prophet Abraham (AS) and his wife Sarah as the founders and the first jew people. He had two sons. Isaac (ishaq) AS (from his wife Sarah) and Ishmael (ismael) AS (from his wife Hajrah). Isaac's son was Jacob (yaaqoob) and two of his sons were Joseph (yousuf) and Benjamin (bin-yamin). All of these messangers are also mentioned in Quran-e-Majeed and Bible. Another name of Isaac (or was it his son Jacob ?? this is one reason, I was hesitant to post, as this is a major issue, I am confused about for some reason) is "Israel" and his descendants/believers are called Bani-Israel. Judaism's roots lie in this group of people called bani-israel and the land of "kan'aan"
(now Palestine).
Jews believe that Jesus (pbuh) broke away from Judaism in trying to reform the religion. In fact the jews are still waiting for their "Massiah" as they don't consider Jesus in that light. More on that later.
Why were/are jews a persecuted lot ??
Few reasons,
*First of all, when Abraham started with his message of "One God", he was going against the commonly held beliefs. So early years of Judaism were obviously tough for jews. Allah treated them with many great prophets like David, Soloman, Moses etc.. and jews kept shuttling from periods of total despair to one of peace and prosperity and then back.
*Second, Christianity claimed that all the prophets which Jews held in regard brought the same message which Jesus did, but that jews got that distorted and furthermore refused to believed in Jesus. This is very similar to what Islam believed about jews and christianity. We, Muslims believe that deen-e-haneefa (Abraham's religion) was Islam and that Prophet Mohammad (pbuh) finally finished the need for any updates which kept happening in past with the coming of prophets. What it means is that, both Islam and Christianity claim that Judaism ceased to exist once these religions came up. This indirectly caused jews to felt persecuted. Quran mentions bani-Israel in a lot of detail; about how much Allah showered his blessings on these people and yet how disobedient they ended up being, asking moronic questions, going back on their words and even killing prophets at times. You can see similar views from christian viewpoint. As muslims we believe all this to be true, but few jews who may not read the whole Quran but those small portions (or those who heard about it second hand) may feel shortchanged.
any other info on Judaism
Some quick things.....
There is only one God in Judaism, unlike Christianity's Trinity. In that way it resembles Islam. It doesn't believe in the concept of original sin, again unlike christianity. It says, human beings are born without the burden of any sin and it's their actions which prove their worth. There's no Jesus like figure, who has absorbed sins of all jews. Like Islam, Judaism tells jews to ask for forgiveness on an individual basis.
Ok, until now it looks very much like what Islam says (after all, it did come from the same prophets , who we consider to be Muslim for their time)
Unlike both Islam and Christianity, there's no set concept of heaven and hell in Judaism. It doesn't focus too much on after life. There is no agreed upon belief about how God 'll reward (or punish) people when they die. Also unlike Islam and Christianity, Judaism doesn't believe that salvation lies only within this religion. It concentrates on ethical behaviours of individuals. In fact, it even allows you to join Judaism without actually becoming a jew. One of the example is banee-Noch (Nooh AS) sect, where a person announces that he believes on the God of Noch(Nooh), Abraham, Isac and Jacob and that he believes in the seven commandments which Noah had after the flood (I don't know them from memory neither I have a link I can paste here for those commandments)
One problem with Judaism has been the traditional resistence some of their groups had against conversion into Judaism. Sounds strange, but this is one of the reasons why this religion has had such poor propagation rates, and also why jews are so racially alike (in most cases)
Finally let me cut and paste the famous ten commandments which according to their belief Moses (AS) got from God...
"You shall have no other gods before Me."
"You shall not make for yourself a carved image - any likeness of anything that is in heaven above, or that is in the earth beneath, or that is in the water under the earth."
"You shall not take the name of the Lord your God in vain, for the Lord will not hold him guiltless who takes His name in vain."
"Remember the Sabbath day, to keep it holy. Six days you shall labor and do all your work, but the seventh day is the Sabbath of the Lord your God."
"Honor your father and your mother, that your days may be long upon the land which the Lord your God is giving you."
"You shall not murder."
"You shall not commit adultery."
"You shall not steal."
"You shall not bear false witness against your neighbour."
You shall not covet your neighbor's house; you shall not covet your neighbor's wife, nor his male servant, nor his female servant, nor his ox, nor his donkey, nor anything that is your neighbor's."
Wish I could write more, but now my knowledge is getting shaky and I am getting tired..
Regards
[This message has been edited by deepblue (edited April 08, 1999).]