Re: Religion this week: Q & A about Hinduism
There is no such religion called Hinduism - we just call it to refer to people who follow principles of Sanathana Dharma - many do not even know this because it is a VERY individualistic set of practices, though underlying principles exist. So we will continue calling it Hinduism for convenience.
The most fundamental of these is the concept of Samsara, which is the cycle of ‘life’ (not exactly, but good enough for here). Souls are in a constant state of varying degrees of agitation to get liberated from the bonds of Samsara - when such liberation is achieved, Moksha is attained. Moksha is the state where the soul merges with (or bceomes additive to) the Super Soul (it is too difficult to translate Purusha, so Super Soul is good enough for here).
The way such liberation is accomplished is by acting in a way that the effects of such action are ‘good’ (aka cause effect …karma). How do I take on the correct ‘acts’ without knowing what ‘good effects’ are?
That brings us to dharma. Let’s use the term duty to mean dharma (quite close but not exactly, but good enough for here). Sanathan Dharma(see why I started with that?) is that each person do what they are supposed to do = perform the duties of their station. Do that with ahimsa and least damage in mind. That is the good effect.
The above is pretty common across all schools and sects and subsects. Ofcourse each creates a slight variation in rituals, rites, Gods and Goddesses and so on. For example mountain men start worshipping trees and thus cause least damage - over time some special tree acquires special status, even God’s abode or something. That’s what makes it all so interesting - stories, fables, miracles, wonderful celebrations, …
Very important and very difficult for non Hindus to comprehend is the fact that even Gods are not exempt from thiis “rule” of dharma->karma->Samsara->Moksha. The first three btw can occur many times based on performance (the famous blithe definition of reincarnation, castes etc)
Two other lose ends to tie up: so does a soul become one with or just become a additive in the vicinity of the Supreme Soul (Purusha)? The advaita philosophy says there is no such duality and the they become one (Jeevathma and the Paramathma); the dwaitha philosophy says otherwise. Either case, it doesn’t matter - just get there!
So all that brings us to Purusha. What is that? It is all that is was will be and is not was not and will not! The term used is nirguna (losely translated to devoid of attributes). Gods, souls, time, space matter, energy, elements all come from that. (sound familiar? that’s why Hindus generally find it possible to accept theories such as big bang, string, evolution etc without fundamental conflict).
Hope this helps.