The issue has been discussed before, but I’m really glad you pointed out the fact that a government proposing a ban on the niqab is a violation of the Canadian constitution and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. I find that objections or criticisms of distinctive Muslim practices cause a knee-jerk reaction that the opposition or criticism by the government or wider society is a racist or xenophobic act. And while I’m not disputing that racism may at times motivate certain actions, I think there needs to be a more balanced discussion.
No need for me to go into detail about the concept that each of us (at least those living in democratic societies) has the constitutionally guaranteed right to freely practice our religion without fear of discrimination or retribution. So then automatically, any interference by the government in an act that is required or observed for religious reasons would be considered a violation of that right.
We as Muslims look to the West’s increasing negation of a Muslim woman’s right to wear the niqab, but the conversation needs to be broadened. Before alleging racism and xenophobia, we need to ask and answer the following questions:
Does the government have a right to interfere in an individual’s right to freely practice their religion, and if the answer is yes, then when and in what circumstances is such interference permissible?
My own personal answer to the first question, lies in the following article:
http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/30763438/ns/health-kids_and_parenting/
To summarize the article, Roman Catholic parents refused chemotherapy treatment for their son with Hodgkin’s disease because of their religious beliefs. The state intervened and the court ordered that the son be treated by chemotherapy (which has a 90% chance of saving his life).
There are additional examples of state intervention, but the other one that comes to mind is FLDS and its practice of polygamy and forced marriages involving underage children. Again, in this instance, the state challenged a practice that people belonging to a religious group justified though the tenets of their faith.
The principle behind the right or ability of the government to intervene or restrict an individual’s personal rights (including religious freedom) comes from the premise that at times there is a public interest or greater good that is in conflict with an individual’s personal rights, and that the public interest trumps or personal freedoms. So the next question is who determines public interest and how far reaching is the government’s right to impose limitations on religious rights? The answer to the first question is that the government reflects the mores and values of the majority of society. So if the majority’s opinion is that there is harm from the actions of an individual or an identifiable group, the rights of the individual will be superseded by the public interest.
The last point to be made is that there is validity to the argument that state intervention in religious rights presents a slippery slope. Once you accede to state intervention, how or when do you limit that intervention – in what circumstances is okay and at what point has it gone too far?
So going back to the examples I cited, in both instances, I agree with the state’s right and responsibility to intervene because my beliefs and values differed from those of the Roman Catholic parents and the FLDS church elders. But who am I to impose my will and beliefs on these people? My opposition to the religious practices will conceivably make me a racist to these specific groups because of my disagreement of their practices and support of state intervention - and the label of racist is a heavy burden to bear.
So, getting back to the right to wear niqab and governments legislating against such a right scenario, while I myself don’t see potential harm to the public, I acknowledge that there are others in the larger society who looking at the issue though their own frame of reference do argue that the wearing of the niqab is against public interest. They can put together compelling arguments to support their perspective and I’m wary about labeling them racist or xenophobic because their views are different than mine.
Okay, 'nuff said!