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Its not important what my opinion is. What important is what the Quran says. There is no battles in the Quran between the prophet and Jews or Christians. All the battles in the Quran are with the pagans and and all were initiated by the pagans of Mecca and those who aided them
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so u think all the battles against christians, jews in Seerah are just historical fiction ??
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There is nothing called an Islamic state in the Quran. The Quran simply follows the prophet just like God does with all his prophets like Moses and Noah. The Quran deals with issues on the ground as they come along. If the prophet remained in Mecca the Quran would have talked also about events there. But he was forced into exile and faced persecutions and then later they went to wars with him and it was then that the Quran said after you defeat them you take from the Jizya. What do Christians and Jews today or elsehwere have to do with this? And why should the Quran ask people to pay for a ruler? These hadiths were made to justify a legal framework for an Empire like the Ummayids and the Abbsids
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onthe contrary , abbassid and ummayyad rulers are EXCLUDED from being legal authorities by VAST MAJORITY of scholars.Their value from a theological standpoint is virtually zero.In hadith there are numerous examples of CONDEMNATION of their actions.
Only sources of legal authority are the decisions made by Prophet and pious caliphs.
Can you outline us what the QUran only tells us about the Prophet ?