Jammu and Kashmir at the time of partition comprised of 77% muslims, 20% Hindus and 3% other mostly Sikhs.
…Jammu and Kashmir was ruled by Hari Singh, a Hindu Maharaja whose name was a byword for capricious, autocratic rule throughout the Indian subcontinent. However, the decisive majority of the population of Jammu and Kashmir consisted of Muslims at the time of decolonisation, partition and independence in 1947. Jammu and Kashmir at that time was approximately 77 percent Muslim, 20 percent Hindu and 3 percent other, mainly Sikh. Under the partition formula, Jammu and Kashmir probably belonged to Pakistan, being a territory with a solid Muslim majority. However, its ruler was a Hindu king who was above all concerned with preserving his own inheritance. He would do anything, including acceding to Pakistan, if Pakistan would agree to leave his throne intact…
…The major basis of the Pakistani claim is that it was a solid Muslim-majority territory. The claim is also that, according to United Nations Security Council resolutions passed in the late 1940s, right after this drama, a plebiscite or referendum should have been held throughout the territory of the former princely state of Jammu and Kashmir to ascertain the wishes and allegiances of the people. The plebiscite was never held…