In Pakistan there are privately owned educational institutions, federal owned educational institutions and government owned educational institutions (most are government owned ... here it is not federal government but provincial government). All government held institutions are for people of same province with quota for students from other provinces. Federal institutions are also for people of federal domicile but there are generous quotas for people of other provinces. Same is true with most government jobs, even federal government jobs.
I personally believe the federation is a good thing. We need stronger provincial govts not weaker.
Federation of administrative units, fine. Federation of Nations ... Simply No. Federation may be strong if things are going good but is recipe of disintegration once things start going bad. It happened in USSR, it happened in Yugoslavia. It also happened with Pakistan (when BD separated from rest of Pakistan).
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This is partially a failure of the federal system. In federal systems the taxation is primarily by the provinces, and the federal govt is relatively small. We have the converse.
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You are right that Pakistan federal system is very unfair. We need strong local administrative units collecting taxes independent of federation and benefitting from whoever comes to work there.
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However that said, in ANY federation, the situation you describe is more or less true (aside from states recieving federal money which doesnt need to happen, states have their own taxes).
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Well, I agree that we should have system where federating units collect all taxes and federation gets money from federating units (provinces ... administrative units) or receive certain taxes for their expenses. Unfortunately, in Pakistan it is federal government that collect taxes and distribute them to provinces.
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No modern (or even non modern that I know of) has limits on what citizens of the country can do. Even very loose federations like EU have freedom of movement for EU citizens across countries.
Obviously more people from New Mexico will move to California than vice versa.
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No doubt that movement of people should be allowed, but I believe that this should not be forced because of lack of opportunities.
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In an ideal case the city should generate its own revenue and the state should manage its taxes better. It is a failure of the states to get more rights from the federation, but that is a different topic.
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Well, when most of tax revenue gets collected from one minor province (Sindh) then this is bound to happen as in such situation, other provinces start seeing red when federal government hold on finances become weak.
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Not really. Its great that people move around from one place to another, gives them a chance to get out of their derh eent ki masjids.
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Well, it is great when people move around not because of need but because of change. If a graduate from Lahore want to teach outside Lahore, maybe in Karachi than it is fine as long as there are shortage of graduates in Karachi, but it would be unfair on graduate from Lahore if Lahore cannot provide him desired job and it is unfair on graduate of Karachi when someone from Karachi could not get job so that graduate from Lahore gets that job.
Further, it is unfortunate in Pakistan that most who leave their province to move to Sindh do not do that for change but because they had no opportunity at the place they were living. That is bad. A manual labourer should never get forced to move because he could not get job as job should be enough for that person at place of his living.
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You cant engineer jobs. Jobs are where they are for the reasons that they are. Karachi wasnt created by the Government to the level it is today, it flourished because it became the focalpoint of industry and ports.
Development should ofcourse be diversified, but jobs will be created wherever there is potential, and people will compete for those jobs, often by migrating. Thats completely fair.
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You are right that certain type of jobs do come with environment. A mining job would come where there are mines and shipping jobs would come where there is port. But nevertheless, vast majority of jobs are created by people of the area and they are not area specific but people specific.
For instance there are huge banking jobs in Karachi ... why? Because there are many businesses and account holders in Karachi ... why? Because people of Karachi are into businesses, are enterprising, are educated, and need banks. Thus in result produced bankers from people of Karachi who started their own banks, further creating 1000s of banking jobs.
So, you can say that if there are people in community who are enterprising, educated and professionals ... they create opportunities where many get jobs and because of them many more jobs are created. If government is conducive then it helps more. Result is that diverse businesses start up driving strength from already running businesses and their employees. More opportunities create further opportunities and thus job creations keep going on and on.
I believe that Sarhad has huge potential in tourism, power generation, mining, travel (as many are working outside the area), hotels, banking, education, construction, orchard farming, etc, etc, etc. But things are bad because there are few enterprising and business minded people, resulting in the area being under developed and people going to other places for jobs. Sarhad needs good government, good management plus invitation to people who are enterprising, so that economy can get kick start.