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Muslim scholars differ in answering two questions
pertaining to the companions of the Messenger of
God:
- Who are the companions of the Prophet
Muhammad?
Most of the Sunni scholars consider all those who
adopted Islam during the time of the Prophet, saw
the Prophet, and prayed with him to be of his
companions. However, it seems that the Messenger
himself did not agree with these scholars. Al-Tabari
in his History part 3, page 68, reported that there
was an argument between Khalid Ibn Al-Walid and
Abdul Rahman Ibn Awf when Khalid killed some
members of Banu Jadhimah.
The Messenger of God sent Khalid as a missionary
for Islam (not as a fighter). Khalid exceeded the
order of the Messenger and killed a number of men
from Banu Jadhimah after he gave them the
assurance of no-harm.
Some men from Banu Jadhimah had killed Al-Fakih
Ibn Al-Mughirah Al-Makhzumi, uncle of Khalid,
and Awf Ibn Abd-Awf, father of Abdul Rahman,
before the conquest of Mecca. Now Khalid acted
in revenge in spite of the Prophet's orders.
In their heated dialogue, Abdul Rahman said to
Khalid: "You followed the method of the
pre-Islamic era." Khalid said: "I only avenged the
killing of your father." Abd Al-Rahman: "You lie. I
already killed the killer of my father, but you
avenged the killing of your uncle."
Their heated argument led to a verbal abuse on the
part of Khalid. When the Prophet found out about
it, he said to Khalid: "...Khalid, leave my
companions alone. By God, should you have a
piece of gold the size of Uhud Mountain, and you
spend it in the path of God, your charity would not
compare to a morning or evening trip in defense of
Islam by any one of my companions." (Ibn
Hisham, in his Sirat of the Prophet, part 2, page
421).
This statement of the Prophet indicates that Khalid
was not considered a companion of the Prophet
because he told him to leave his companions
alone.
Thus, the Prophet clearly indicated that Khalid is
not one of his companions. Yet, this statement was
uttered by the Prophet after the conquest of Mecca
(which took place two years after Khalid adopted
Islam, shortly after the pact of Al-Hudaybiyyah).
The exclusion of Khalid from the community of the
Prophet's companions means the exclusion of
thousands of companions who adopted Islam
during the time of the Prophet, who met the
Prophet, and who prayed behind him.
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