And brother ...let see his **Wisdom and Vision **to handle the syria in umar(ra) period.....
One thing that is clear in Mu'awiya is his reliance on *shura **and **openness **to his subjects with some **modifications **because of the situation in Syria......
Az-Zuhri said, "Mu'awiya acted for **two **years (in Syria) as 'Umar had acted without **altering **it." Mu'awiya himself said that he had done his **best **to follow the behaviour of Abu Bakr and 'Uthman. **But when he realised that the environment and circumstances in Syria were different from those in Madina, and that the prevailing culture and people were different, he modified his style of governance accordingly. Mu'awiya himself used this excuse to 'Umar when he came to Syria in 18 AH and Mu'awiya met him with a great retinue. 'Umar disliked that, but Mu'awiya excused himself, saying, "We are in a land where there are many enemy spies. We must display the might of power in which the might of Islam and its people lie. We will frighten them by that." 'Umar was satisfied with that. *
And this was inherited **from his father ...abu sufyan(ra) ...who in 2 higri while returing with a caravan from syria to makkah...when stayed near madina valley ....he saw that near a water resorvoir..there were some waste material of camels...(Mainganai as of sheeps and goats**....) ..he broke them into piece and inside he saw the chopped pieces of dates......instantly he knew that the people of madina used to fed thier camel with the **Ghuttli **of dates...so he sent a man to makkah that muhammad(pbuh) is in our search.....save this caravan and then Badar battle happened....
so you see the wisdom and wiseness of his father ....
This use of pomp **does not mean that Mu'awiya indulged himself in luxury, taking advantage of the **excuse **that he was impressing the Byzantines with his wealth. Mu'awiya could be seen speaking to the people on the minbar of Damascus wearing a **patched garment. Yunus ibn Maysar al-Himyari **said, "I saw Mu'awiya riding in the Damascus market with his servant behind him. He was wearing a shirt with a **patched pocket, going along in the Damascus markets."
Although Mu'awiya is said to be the first king **in Islam as he himself is credited, probably **posthumously, as saying, "I am the first of the kings and the last of the khalifs," it was a rather strange sort of kingship. He continued to receive deputations **from the provinces and the tribes and **consulted **these assemblies as much as possible, asking for their counsel, **mixing **with them, and accepting their **criticisms. In fact, he knew just how to allow individualism scope without letting it run rampant. He did not worry about what they said about him, saying, "I do not trouble about words as long as they do not lead to deeds," certainly well anticipating the principle of free speech, but with responsibility for any actions to which such words might lead.
He also let people speak *their piece and allowed malcontents to vent their bad temper. When informed of a vicious **satire **against him and another Arab, he said, *"I know a more effective method – both of us should raise our hands to heaven to pray against our adversary!" .........
This freedom of expression **also provided a healthy brake on **centralisation, **as people knew that they would always have a **hearing. They could always speak out against something and be assured of a hearing in the presence of the Khalifa
*Deliberations between the khalifa and the bedouins took place in the Community Mosque, where the speakers were free and unconstrained towards the khalifa. It is reported about him: *"If he wanted to do something, he 'had a look at the people,'" i.e. he consulted them. When he wanted to undertake a major decision, such as delegating Yazid as the next khalif, he summoned such a shura and the debate was unrestrained and very lively indeed.
On one occasion, Mu'awiya ascended the minbar and praised Allah. When he wanted to speak, a lad of the **Ansar **interrupted him and said,....
"Mu'awiya! What makes you and the people of your house more entitled to this wealth than us! Allah gave it as **spoils **to the Muslims by our swords and our spears. We have no wrong action against you that we know of other than our slaying of your uncle **Walid**, your grandfather '**Uqba**, and your brother **Hanzala**." Mu'awiya said, **"By Allah, nephew, you did not kill them. Rather Allah killed them with angels upon angels at the hands of the sons of their father. That was not a fault nor a loss." **The Ansari said, "So where is the fault and loss then?" He said, "You spoke the truth. Do you **need something**?" He said, "Yes. I look after an old woman and sisters and things have been hard on us." Mu'awiya said, "**Take what you can from the treasury." The boy took it and then Mu'awiya resumed his khutba. **
In another instance, Mu'awiya had sent 500 **dinars to an Ansari who thought the amount **paltry. He told his son to go and *throw **it in the **khalif's face. **The young man came and told Mu'awiya what he had been told to do by his father. Mu'awiya put his hand over his face and said, *"Come on, obey your father, but do not be too hard on your uncle!" The man threw the money to the ground and Mu'awiya doubled the amount. **
Once, losing his composure, he described a bedouin as lying in a report he was giving. The nomad retorted, 'By Allah, the liar is to be found in your shirt!" *Surprised, Mu'awiya smiled and said, *"Here is the repayment of precipitation!"
Once in Madina, he visited a house he wanted to buy and the owner, whose wits were somewhat addled, got up and chased him with a stick. Mu'awiya was *amused. *
He said, "*There is nothing I like better than anger I swallow by which I hope for the reward of Allah." *
"Intelligence and forbearance **are the best things granted to mankind. If someone is reminded, he should remember. If someone is given something, he should be thankful. If someone is tested, he should be steadfast. If someone is angry, he should restrain it. If someone has power over another, he should **forgive. If someone does wrong, he should ask forgiveness. If someone makes a promise, he should fulfil it."
Mu'awiya said to 'Amr ibn al-'As, "I free myself from there being a wrong action greater than my pardon, ignorance greater than my forbearance and a fault which I do not cover and evil greater than my charity *(ihsan)." *
He remarked about his fierce governor and half-brother, Ziyad, *"Ziyad mastered Iraq with the sword and I mastered Iraq, Syria, the Hijaz and the Yemen with forbearance." *
Another important point was the answerability **of the ruler to scholars. He appointed people as qadi who were known for their **knowledge **of the Shari'a. Mu'awiya himself was subject to judgement. We have the following story in the **Ansab al-Ashraf of al-Baladhuri:
'Abdu'r-Rahman b. Zayd ibn al-Khattab **owned some land which was next to the land of **Mu'awiya. Mu'awiya's trustee in Madina, his client an-Nadir, took 'Abdu'r-Rahman's land and *added **it to Mu'awiya's land and informed him of this. 'Abdu'r-Rahman said, "I have evidence that **Abu Bakr **granted it to me on account of my **father's participation **in the fighting at **Yamama." **An-Nadir said, "This is the land-grant of the **Amir al-Mu'minin." *
Remeber that this person was son of zaid bin khattab (ra) ...the half brother of umar(ra)...martyred in Yamama battle and umar(ra) quite often used to say that sentence....
Jab kabhi Yemen ki taraf sai hawa chalti hai to mughai uus mai sai zaid ki khoosbo aati hai
He took the dispute to Marwan b. al-Hakam **and he said, "Make peace between yourselves." He did not **like **to give a definitive judgement against Mu'awiya. So 'Abdu'r-Rahman b. Zayd went to **Syria. When he reached Mu'awiya's door, the doorman met him at al-Khadra' in Damascus. He said to him, "Ask permission for me to visit the Amir al-Mu'minin! He put him off, so he raised his voice, saying, "*I must see him! Our ties of kinship must be maintained and our property kept safe which we need more than having it taken from our possession!" Mu'awiya heard him and said, "Let him in." *
He entered and greeted him and said, "Your trustee in Madina has gone too far and has taken my land grant received from the khalifa of the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, which was allowed me by 'Umar. He went to my land and claimed that he had a letter from 'Uthman that he had given it to you. How could 'Uthman give to you a right which was mine?" Mu'awiya said, "You left your land without cultivating it until I worked it. Then I planted 5000 palm-shoots in it. **I said, 'It is the grant of Abu Bakr and it is related that 'Umar heard that some people sequestered some land and then left it idle and some other people came and cultivated it. He said that it belonged to the one who cultivated it.'" He said, "By Allah, you have not spoken the truth, **
Mu'awiya! Give me justice!" He said, "Then I must have the qadi
, who is *Fadala b. 'Ubayd al-Ansari az-Zuraqi." *
The Qadi would not come **to the khalif and stayed in his house, saying "One comes to the arbiter." So Mu'awiya and 'Abdu'r-Rahman went to him and he gave them a cushion and said, "Sit down on it*."
'Abdu'r-Rahman made his previous statement and Mu'awiya made his previous statement. **Fadala* thought that the statement of 'Abdu'r-Rahman's was right and gave judgement in his favour.
Mu'awiya said, "We accept what you have said. What is your opinion about what we have *planted **in it?" He said, "That was undertaken by you. If 'Abdu'r-Rahman wishes, he can pay the **price **of your planting, and if he wishes, he can make you responsible for them in exchange for the price of the land." 'Abdu'r-Rahman said, *"You have been fair!" **
Then Fadala said, "Amir al-Mu'minin, is this being done to the like of the descendants of Zayd and 'Umar?" Mu'awiya said to his gardener, "Anything he takes a liking to in our land, is his by the connection of kinship," and he wrote to his trustee to that effect on his behalf and settled his debt and gave him the highest pension (sharaf al-'ata'). **He said, "You deserve it, nephew of **al-Faruq **and son of the **martyr." **And he gave him some **money.
When 'Abdu'r-Rahman had gone, Fadala said to Mu'awiya, "By Allah, if you had acted otherwise, he would have gone to the people of the *City of Hijra **and to the rest of the people and complained about you. Then what is neither good nor attractive would have occurred." Mu'awiya said, "May Allah **repay **you for helping me to the truth!" Ibn Zayd left and took his **money. *
There are various things to be seen in this story. First of all, when 'Abdu'r-Rahman b. Zayd **considered he had been wronged by the governor, **Marwan, he felt free to go straight to the Khalif and take up the matter. Although Mu'awiya's **position was based on valid **ijtihad, realising that it was a conflict between himself and someone else, Mu'awiya empowered the Qadi **to judge over him. This means that the khalif was not above the judgement of the Shari'a. Indeed, the Qadi would not even go to the **khalifa. The khalif had to go to the qadi, which indicates that all were equal as far as the Shari'a **was concerned, and Mu'awiya **accepted **this. He accepted it when the judgement went against him and even **thanked **the Qadi for ensuring that he did what **was right. There is absolutely no sense of royal **prerogative **here and a complete admission that he was in the wrong and the willingness to be corrected and put right.