You are relatively new to Gupshup (as am I), and there have been several threads on Hinduism. Covering Hinduism like one would cover Islam is futile - there are few metaphysical concepts that all Hindus agree on, as Hinduism is pluralistic, and dependent upon interpretation of the seer/guru. Yes, Truth is One. However, not everyone will interpret their insights of Truth the same, nor are they able to relate it absolutely, since our ability to describe the infinite supreme will only serve to add limits to it.
However, the Hindu pantheon, in my opinion, is served by a common drive to serve dharma - the righteous path. What that entails
is up to the particular dharma shastra.
My own views are Vedic in base, summarized as Advaita Vedanta, a school of the Vedanta that means “non-dual”, in the sense that the soul (Atman) and God (Brahman), are not separate dual entities. This is contrast to dvaita Vedanta, which says that the Atmah is separate but dependent upon Brahman.
Advaita Vedanta was first expounded on by Adi Shankaracharya, whose work is the oldest surviving criticisms and interpretations by a single scholar. He refers to the work of those before him, but that body of work has been lost to us. The Vedanta was further explained to us by none other than Swami Vivekananda. Whenever you see a Vivekananda Society, or a Vedanta society, they will probably be discussing the Advaita Vedanta.
So what is the Vedanta?
The Quran says there is no compulsion in religion. And it is so - you cannot make one believe that Atman and Brahman are the same. They must discover for themselves. In the meantime, they progress through the following aims:
- Maximize pleasure, minimize pain - base, carnal pleasures are what we first want. Sex, food, stimulation - these are what we first desire. And at the end of the day, they frustrate us - they do not fulfill us, nor make us ultimately happy. The playboy at 25 may be happy, but the playboy at 50 is pathetic. So we look to the next point
- Power, fame, money, glory - the endless pursuit of money and power is the next step along the progression. We also know that at the end of the day, an old man does not know what to do with his money. Powerful men still die. So, instead we
- Contribute to the community (volunteer) - at the end of the day, no amount of service can prevent death. So we reevaluate.
alright, men progress along this path. We are all at different points on the path. Kamasutra? Written by a person who seeks pleasure, for people seeking pleasure. Such is the way - we each have our own path, and we will eventually fall back to spirituality - that is the truth of experience.
Now, we must realize that it may take several lifetimes to follow this path. Remember, a common Hindu belief is reincarnation, based on the Law of Karma. Each lifetime offers a new experience - a new way to discover and strengthen why we are advancing along the path.
When it comes time to reevaluate, we must look deeper. What do we really want?
- being - we want to live. We want to live forever. Rather, we want to exist.
- knowledge - we are curious creatures. We want to know everything. Rather, we want to know that key piece of knowledge that makes everything else simply details.
- bliss - we want joy. happiness. infinite bliss.
This is sat-chit-anand. Infinite Being-Knowlege-Bliss. It is summarized as God-Realization, to know our true identity that Atman is Brahman.
To start the path to sat-chit-anand, we must practice the following: Non-injury, truthfulness, non-stealing, self-control, cleanliness, contentment, self-discipline, motivation. The last one is most important - motivation to follow the path of the Vedanta.
That path is called yoga. Yoga is not a single path - there are many paths that serve the various types of people there are - reflective, emotional (loving), action, scientific.
These are summarized as:
- jnana yoga - the yoga of knowledge - study the scriptures. reflect/meditate. critique. debate. study some more. this is the shortest yet steepest path. Here you understand the body and mind are not but actors for the Atman.
- bhakti yoga - the yoga of love - love God. Love him like a father, mother, child, friend, spouse. Repeat his name. Grow to love him through stories, myths, images. Love him as a personal God. This last one, the creation of a personal God (Ishvara) means that there will be many Gods in the stories - we all imagine God differently. Why images/idols/murtis? Like a picture of our parents hanging in the hallway, it helps us remember, focus, and pray to God.
- karma yoga - the yoga of action - work only for God - do not work because you get rewarded, instead, work because that is what you think God asks of you. This is selfless service. Eventually, one learns to melt away the body and mind, and think only of God.
- raja yoga - the yoga of psychoanalysis - a technique to reveal the Truth, by way of rejecting the outer world and inner world, focusing only on unity, by way of meditation.
Pick a yoga, pick a mix of them. There is so much more to spiritual metaphysical Hinduism.