England v Sri Lanka, 1st Investec Test, Lord's

Entertainment Cricket and Other Sports
1

England: LLLLL (most recent first) ----- (Double Hat-trick chance Sorry to uncle Ehsan :stuck_out_tongue:
Sri Lanka: DWLWD ---- W

Match scheduled to begin at 11:00 local time (10:00 GMT)

England tricky start to new eraThe Preview by Alex Winter
June 11, 2014

[TABLE=“align: right”]

Who’ll get back into the rhythm of Test cricket first?

Match facts
Thursday, June 12, 2014
Start time 1100 local (1000 GMT)
Big Picture
[TABLE=“width: 320, align: right”]

http://www.espncricinfo.com/db/PICTURES/CMS/187000/187013.jpg

[TABLE]
[TR]
[TD=“class: stryPicCptn”]Sam Robson is the latest man to try to forge an opening partnership with Alastair Cook © PA Photos

Enlarge

[/TD]
[/TR]

The talk of England’s regeneration and a new era now has real credence. England’s one-day side contained familiar personnel to those who competed over the winter but the Test side has gaping holes to fill; holes that were blown open by Australia and have plunged English cricket to its lowest ebb since 1999. England will hope that from their winter of discontent can be made a glorious summer.

An upturn in results and the appeal of performances are necessary for a variety of reasons but especially salient for Alastair Cook. He could not have anticipated having to lead such a rebuilding process when he marshalled a series win in India and an Ashes triumph but his captaincy will now come under more scrutiny than ever. Widely accepted as not being a natural leader of men, Cook could face louder questions over his suitability at the helm of the new era if his England do not produce results. Cook also needs to rediscover his form with the bat and has Sam Robson to forge a new opening partnership with - the fourth selection as opener since Andrew Strauss retired.

England’s batting was on a steady decline before the blow out in Australia and building up big totals will be high on the priority list for Peter Moores. A vastly different batting line-up will play against Sri Lanka with novices Robson, Gary Ballance and Moeen Ali in the top six and Ian Bell moving up a place to No. 4.

There is less upheaval in the bowling attack that will still be led by James Anderson and Stuart Broad with Chris Jordan and Liam Plunkett adding the pace and aggression that England wanted from Steven Finn, Chris Tremlett and Boyd Rankin over the winter. Losing a matchwinning spinner in Graeme Swann is the one major concern but he didn’t have a doosra; Moeen Ali purportedly does.

Asian opponents at home should be the plumb draw for the start of a new era but with the first Tests of the summer shifted back from May to June, the advantage has been eroded slightly. Sri Lanka are well settled in the UK, have confidence and form from their successful one-day series and are set to enjoy better weather over the next two weeks.

Sri Lanka will also have gained motivation from the animosity that brewed during the one-day series, chiefly by the mankading at Edgbaston, and will sense the chance of an upset against the new-look England. They certainly hold the edge in the spin department, Rangana Herath having ran through England on their last tour of Sri Lanka, and veterans are Mahela Jayawardene and Kumar Sangakkara hoping to guide their side to success on their final tour to the UK.

Form guide

England: LLLLL (most recent first)
Sri Lanka: DWLWD

In the spotlight

England have had an issue in replacing Andrew Strauss at the top of the order. Nick Compton, Joe Root and Michael Carberry have all had their chance but now Sam Robson has been picked to try and form a new partnership with Alastair Cook. Robson has been sounded out for some time as a Test opener but his early-season form hasn’t been outstanding.

If Sri Lanka are to find success in the series, their bowling attack must deliver. Shaminda Eranga has made a handy start to his Test career, with 38 wickets in 11 Tests. His sharp seamers have showed much promise and he can solidify that potential into a strong performance against England, their green batting order will have plenty of problems.

Teams news

England are set to field three new caps with Robson becoming the latest opening partner for Cook, Moeen playing as a spinning allrounder and Jordan adding fire to the bowling attack. Their only decision is between Plunkett and Chris Woakes as the fourth seamer.

England: 1 Alastair Cook (capt), 2 Sam Robson, 3 Gary Ballance, 4 Ian Bell, 5 Joe Root, 6 Moeen Ali, 7 Matt Prior (wkt), 8 Liam Plunkett/Chris Woakes, 9 Chris Jordan, 10 Stuart Broad, 11 James Anderson

It is all change for Sri Lanka from the one-day series with five Test specialists flying over, including a new opening partnership. Prasanna Jayawardene - the third wicketkeeper in the squad - will take the gloves; Herath now becomes the frontline spinner in the side, Sri Lanka have the option to play two; Dhammika Prasad and Shaminda Eranga are seamers with a big role to play.

Sri Lanka (possible): 1 Kaushal Silva, 2 Dimuth Karunaratne, 3 Kumar Sangakkara, 4 Mahela Jayawardene, 5 Lahiru Thirimanne, 6 Angelo Mathews (capt), 7 Prasanna Jayawardene (wkt), 8 Nuwan Kulasekara, 9 Dhammika Prasad, 10 Rangana Herath, 11 Shaminda Eranga

Pitch and conditions

Sri Lanka’s prayers seem to have been answered with the weather forecast dry and sunny with warm temperatures and hot for the first two days. Lord’s always produces an excellent wicket.

Stats and trivia

· England have won 18, drawn three and lost three of their last 24 home Test series.
·
· Of captains to lead their team in at least seven Tests in England, only Brian Close (six wins in seven) has a higher win percentage than Cook (five wins in seven).
·
· Kumar Sangakkara averages 30.58 in England, his lowest in any country. He has one century in 18 innings in England.
·
· The entire England squad have only scored 137 more runs than Sangakkara and Mahela Jayawardene combined
·
Quotes

“I think both sides will play a hard brand of cricket. We have a responsibility to play it the right way, as there will be a lot of people watching us, a lot of kids, but they want us to play it hard too.”
Alastair Cook* on the anticipated atmosphere of the series.*

“We had to work really hard in the ODIs and fight against the weather. The start of the summer is going to be pretty difficult for any team playing in England..”
Angelo Mathews* on the challenge of the great British weather.*

2

Re: England v Sri Lanka, 1st Investec Test, Lord's

England to win. Mera England Mahan.

3

Re: England v Sri Lanka, 1st Investec Test, Lord’s

England 98/3 (25.0 ov) :slflag:

4

Re: England v Sri Lanka, 1st Investec Test, Lord’s

At close England 344/5

5

Re: England v Sri Lanka, 1st Investec Test, Lord's

555/9

Mera England Mahan

6

Re: England v Sri Lanka, 1st Investec Test, Lord's

England-Disgusting Team

7

Re: England v Sri Lanka, 1st Investec Test, Lord’s

Joe Root 200 not out. :k:

8

Re: England v Sri Lanka, 1st Investec Test, Lord’s

Oye tameez ker. :emmy:

9

Re: England v Sri Lanka, 1st Investec Test, Lord's

England 575/9 dec

10

Re: England v Sri Lanka, 1st Investec Test, Lord’s

Meine to kuch nahi kaha uncle :@:

11

Re: England v Sri Lanka, 1st Investec Test, Lord’s

England 575/9d
Sri Lanka 140/1 (40.0 ov) :slflag:

**Sri Lanka solid **after Joe Root’s double-ton](http://www.espncricinfo.com/england-v-sri-lanka-2014/content/story/752227.html)

England v Sri Lanka, 1st Investec Test, Lord’s, 2nd day

Sri Lanka solid after Root’s double-ton
The Report by David Hopps
June 13, 2014
Comments: 59 | Login via | Text size: A | A
Sri Lanka 140 for 1 (Silva 62*, Sangakkara 32*) trail England 575 for 9 dec (Root 200*, Prior 86, Bell 56, Pradeep 4-123) by 435 runs
Live scorecard and ball-by-ball details

Video report - Root should only bat at Lord’s
Dip your bread, Joe Root will have been told since childhood on batting days like this. Like Oliver Twist, he dipped his bread and then asked to dip it some more. Sri Lanka did not possess a bowler with the capability to scold him. The outcome was that he launched England’s Test summer at Lord’s by becoming the fourth-youngest England batsman to hit a Test double-century, a poster boy for a new generation.

England’s 575 for 9 was their highest Test score since they made 591 for 6 declared against India at The Oval three years ago. Sri Lanka responded in kind, losing only Dimuth Karunaratne in the 40 overs to the close, so encouraging the perception that a draw is achievable and that this Lord’s pitch will remain a featherbed to the end.

There are a few lurking signs of indifferent bounce, however, and after a run of six successive draws between 2006 and 2008, there have been ten positive results in the last 11. This match is not quite moribund yet.

This was a bountiful Lord’s batting surface and the Sri Lanka attack had serious limitations, but Root’s response over eight-and-a-quarter hours was impeccable. He likes Lord’s. Last summer, against Australia, he made 180 before missing out on a double century as he attempted a ‘Dilscoop’.

Joe Root greets the applause for his double-ton, England v Sri Lanka, 1st Investec Test, Lord’s, 2nd day, June 13, 2014
Joe Root progressed untroubled to a double-hundred as England piled up the runs © Getty Images
Enlarge
There was a uniformity in his progress. He reached his hundred just before the close on the first day. His 150 followed from the last ball before lunch on the second day, another clip through midwicket, an area where he was highly productive, this time off the left-arm spinner Rangana Herath. Herath, too, was lapped for the runs that in turn brought up his 200, an immediate declaration, and an infectious grin.

“Grin away,” Bill Sikes told Oliver Twist. “Grin away.” But Sikes was menacingly b*****shing a poker. Sri Lanka’s fielders bore only warm congratulations.

Sri Lanka looked so disconsolate they might have turned Lord’s, with all its trappings, into a day in the workhouse. Their over rate was criminal - 12 overs an hour on the second day as they stretched the game out wherever possible to spare their pace bowlers and generally failed to get on with the job. England were not too much better as six overs went unbowled. Test cricket cannot afford such liberties.

Sri Lanka’s confident response with the bat will have steeled their nerves. Anderson had Dimuth Karunaratne lbw in the first over, but Paul Reiffel’s decision was overturned on review because the ball was too high. Karunaratne also edged Broad between second and third slip before Chris Jordan dismissed him with his third ball in Test cricket.

But Liam Plunkett’s fire was extinguished by the pitch and the suspicion of a leg strain and a measured innings by Kaushal Silva, sternly bearded, survived into the third day after TV replays spared him a catch at the wicket off Broad when 39. Matt Prior insisted afterwards that it was a clean catch, and cricketing instinct felt that way, but zoomed-in cameras habitually introduce an element of doubt to low catches and this was no different. Those who nonsensically accused Prior of cheating have presumably never been on a cricket field in their life.

England earlier rid themselves of an unwelcome batting statistic when they reached 400 for the first time in 27 innings. As Jonathan Trott and Nick Compton struck hundreds in Wellington only 15 months ago, few would have imagined the canker that would take hold of their batting and the conflicts and personal trauma that would unfold. Back-to-back series against Australia can have that effect.

The jollity of the second day at Lord’s had an entirely different feel. England made 129 in the morning session, rattling along at five an over. In no rush to leave the pleasuredome, they piled up a further 102 after lunch.

The new ball was only nine overs old when play resumed on the second morning. But the day was warm and sunny, the pitch sedate and Root and Prior already had 135 runs in the bank from the first day. The Middlesex flag flew at half mast in memory of their former coach, Don Bennett; many Sri Lanka players wore black armbands to mourn the death of the wife of their former bowling coach, Champika Ramanayake.

It was not long before Sri Lanka changed tack and started banging the ball halfway down the pitch in the hope of reminding England of their frailties against the short ball in Australia. All they lacked was a Mitchell Johnson. And a quick, bouncy pitch. And a hostile crowd. In fact, come to think of it, they lacked quite a lot.

Shaminda Eranga, short of match practice, had looked out of synch on the first day, but he carried the short-ball fight with resolve. Prior and Jordan both fell to short balls into the body from around the wicket, Prior angry with himself as he fended to short leg, still 14 runs short of a century, Jordan looking more mystified as his shot in self-protection arced gently to the wicketkeeper.

That keeper was Prasanna Jayawardene, although he had not taken the field at the start of the day after injuring a hand in the warm-up. While Jayawardene had a scan - which showed no real damage - Silva, a regular wicketkeeper, deputised.

Sri Lanka were content to encourage Root off the strike, but when they did so they met a barrage of blows from the lower order, briefly from Jordan and latterly from Broad and Plunkett. Broad’s gung-ho innings ended on 47 when he slapped Nuwan Pradeep to deep midwicket - he might have been stumped on the same score - and Plunkett looked quizzically upon Sri Lanka’s short-ball trap - fine leg, long leg, deep square leg, square leg and short leg, and pulled three boundaries in an over. He got out pulling eventually, which on the law of averages alone was no surprise.

Root never became involved in such fripperies. He remained sharp of wit and clean of stroke, never rushed (at least not until the closing overs), but always keen enough to keep his innings interesting. It was an innings which might have shaped a career. Whether it will reshape the game remains to be seen.

12

Re: England v Sri Lanka, 1st Investec Test, Lord’s

Sanga & Mahela :slflag:

Sri Lanka 241/2 (72.1 ov)

13

Re: England v Sri Lanka, 1st Investec Test, Lord's

Look the stats of Sanga and Mahela ...How I wish to see same stats for our team!

[TABLE="class: grid, width: 50%"]

[TH="class: th-mats batsmen-career, align: right"]Mat[/TH]
[TH="class: th-runs batsmen-career, align: right"]Runs[/TH]
[TH="class: th-hs batsmen-career, align: right"]HS[/TH]
[TH="class: th-sr batsmen-career, align: right"]Ave[/TH]

Sanga -123
11238
319
58.53

Mahela - 144
11363
374
50.50

14

Re: England v Sri Lanka, 1st Investec Test, Lord’s

Sri Lanka **252/2 (73.3 ov)

Sanga on 92 :slflag: **

15

Re: England v Sri Lanka, 1st Investec Test, Lord's

Sanga on 99

16

Re: England v Sri Lanka, 1st Investec Test, Lord’s

“Sangakkara/Jayawardene overcome Sachin/Ganguly’s 12400 partnership runs in International Cricket :slflag: , most by any pair.” You’re dang right, Bharath Seervi. Here’s the link

17

Re: England v Sri Lanka, 1st Investec Test, Lord’s

Sanga 36th Ton :hbk: :slflag:

77.4
Root to Sangakkara, FOUR

18

Re: England v Sri Lanka, 1st Investec Test, Lord’s

***Sri Lanka 415 for 7 :slflag: *

England v Sri Lanka, 1st Investec Test, Lord’s, 3rd day**

Sangakkara milestone leads Sri Lanka reply

The Report by David Hopps
June 14, 2014

Sri Lanka 415 for 7 (Sangakkara 147, Mathews 79, Jayawardene 55) trail England 575 for 9 dec by 160 runs*
Scorecard and ball-by-ball details
Kumar Sangakkara had never made a Test century at Lord’s; he has now and judging by his reaction he will cherish it forever. Whether it has saved the game, though, remains to be seen. Sri Lanka bowled along for much of the day but, still 160 runs behind with only three wickets remaining, their work is far from done.
A docile Lord’s surface was an opportunity almost too good to be true. Perhaps this was Sangakkara’s last chance - although the same was suggested the last time he was in England for a Test series. He is in no rush to give it up, not on the field at Lord’s on the third day of the first Test, not yet in terms of his career, certainly not in terms of his life. He is a driven man.
It all did come to an end though, as far as his innings was concerned, midway through an elongated final session. He had made 147 when Moeen Ali took his first Test wicket courtesy of an alert catch behind the stumps by Matt Prior, optimism entrenched despite much evidence to the contrary.
Sangakkara castigated himself for missing out on a wide one. A kinder verdict was that Moeen had enticed a little turn and bounce from an unsympathetic surface. As an allrounder (a second spinner, in truth) asked to fulfil a role of specialist - and with Graeme Swann’s retirement still fresh in the mind - he had bowled with control and he deserved kindness.
[TABLE=“width: 320, align: right”]

http://www.espncricinfo.com/db/PICTURES/CMS/187200/187229.2.jpg

[TABLE]
[TR]
[TD=“class: stryPicCptn”]Kumar Sangakkara put his name on the Lord’s honours board with a composed century

[/TD]
[/TR]

Sangakkara will prefer to reflect upon that Lord’s century. When he righted the omission, driving Root on the up through cover, his old pal Mahela Jayawardene was observing the moment from 22 yards away. Jayawardene’s delighted cling around his throat momentarily disconcerted him, strangling him more than the England attack ever did.
Sri Lanka might have saved the follow-on, but they are not yet out of danger. Whatever befalls these sides over the last two days this Lord’s pitch has not been conducive to a thrilling contest between bat and ball. A young buck, Joe Root, made a double hundred on it for England, and Sangakkara, more than 13 years his senior, was equally sharp-sighted at taking the opportunity.
It needed the most enterprising innings of the match, however, an unbeaten 79 from the captain, Angelo Mathews, to enhance Sangakkara’s work as England made inroads with two wickets with the second new ball and persisted gamely to add three more in the final session.
Once again, though, a laggardly over rate did not serve the game. The extra half hour is now regarded as an entitlement not an occasional safeguard. Sri Lanka were primarily responsible for a six-over deficit on the second day; England entirely culpable for a six-over deficit on the third. The umpires stand there like coat stands and the ICC fails to address the issue. When will this careless destruction of Test cricket ever be addressed?
Sri Lanka still had much to do at start of play, even from the stability of 140 for 1. No matter how benign the pitch, their first target was to pass the follow-on figure of 375 and that task dominated their thoughts for most of the day.
Sangakkara’s individual target would also have moved him. When he made his first hundred in a Test in England, at the Rose Bowl on Sri Lanka’s last tour in 2011, it was widely assumed to be his parting gift to England. Now he was back at Lord’s, his career still fully operative, a serious adversary, taking his batting average in England away from the low thirties. That preparation in a short spell at Durham, England’s most northerly county, seems all the more valuable now.
It was a moody morning with floodlights piercing the gloom and showers occasionally crossing the ground. At times it was a surprise that the umpires did not take the players from the field, if only to protect the pitch. MCC members gazed at the skies as if in mild rebuke. They gazed with equal disgust at a series of power cuts in the afternoon. They happen far too often at Lord’s but such is the status of the ground that nobody seems even to raise an eyebrow.
England’s hope that the overhead conditions might make batting more challenging never materialised. They experimented with a 7-2 off-side field to Sangakkara. Liam Plunkett tried some short stuff now and then, to little avail.
From the moment Sangakkara, 32 not out overnight, drove the third ball of the day, from James Anderson, through cover point off the front foot, he was attuned to his task, pushing well forward on a slow surface. This was easier than his defiant hundred under growling skies on Sri Lanka’s last tour.
When Silva edged Anderson - driving, too - the ball died well in front of Alastair Cook at first slip. It conveyed that the slip cordon, as close as it could sensibly be, was barely in the game. But Silva departed in the ninth over of the morning, for 63. Not for the first time in this Test, he was a batsman dismissed by a well-directed bouncer. He was taken by Anderson and even though Silva ducked, he left his bat in the combat zone and an edge flew through to Matt Prior.
Jayawardene almost fell for 0, inside-edging Anderson past his stumps. Instead, Sri Lanka’s old masters compiled 126 together - their 17th stand of more than 100. Only Sachin Tendulkar and Rahul Dravid have more 100-plus stands in Tests.
Jayawardene, too, may not grace the Test arena for much longer. Stuart Broad dismissed him with the second over of the second new ball, finding some movement back in to strike him on both pads. Jayawardene reviewed it, but the replay was pretty damning.
Thirimanne, a left-hander discomfited by inswing, just has to look at Anderson for his balance to go awry. If he was ever seen with Anderson on a narrow mountain pass, it would be polite to call the emergency services before he toppled into the valley below. His was a soft dismissal, a tempting delivery around leg stump which he punted to Sam Robson at midwicket.
England’s pace attack became footsore just as the Sri Lankans had before them. For Plunkett, selected as a shock bowler, to find a shock-absorber pitch must have been galling. But Cook’s captaincy showed more inventiveness than has often been the case. Plunkett’s dismissal of Prasanna Jayawardena, courtesy of a fast catch by Ian Bell at leg slip was a prime example. Add the wicket of Nuwan Kulasekara two overs from the close and England had shaded the day.

19

Re: England v Sri Lanka, 1st Investec Test, Lord’s

England v Sri Lanka, 1st Investec Test, Lord’s, 3rd day

Sangakkara breaks jinx, and Lord’s run-fests

Stats highlights from the third day at Lord’s, which was dominated by Kumar Sangakkara’s maiden Test century at the ground
S Rajesh
June 14, 2014

[TABLE=“width: 320, align: right”]

http://www.espncricinfo.com/db/PICTURES/CMS/187100/187183.2.jpg

[TABLE]
[TR]
[TD=“class: stryPicCptn”]In the last couple of years, Kumar Sangakkara averages 87.09, with eight hundreds in 15 Tests © AFP

Enlarge

[/TD]
[/TR]

In six Test innings at Lord’s before this game, Kumar Sangakkara had managed an aggregate of 140 runs, with a highest of 65. Given that this would almost certainly be his last Test here, he was on course to join a heady list of top-notch overseas batsmen who couldn’t solve the Lord’s puzzle: among them were Ricky Ponting, Sachin Tendulkar, Brian Lara, Jacques Kallis, VVS Laxman, Aravinda de Silva, Sunil Gavaskar, Javed Miandad, Zaheer Abbas, and several others. (Click here for a full list of overseas players who played at least three Tests at Lord’s and didn’t score a century.) Some of these players have very poor records at this ground: Miandad scored 63 in six innings, Kallis 54 in five, Ponting 135 in eight, Lara 126 in six, Tendulkar 195 in nine innings, while de Silva managed 188 in seven.
Sangakkara’s Lord’s stats weren’t as dire as some of those numbers, but the average was well below his career average of 58.80 (before this Test). However, coming into this game, Sangakkara had already experienced the feeling of scoring a century here in an international game - he made 112 in the fourth ODI a couple of weeks back - and he started this innings as if he was merely continuing from 112. The first ball he faced was clipped through midwicket for four, and from there he hardly ever looked like getting out. His control percentage over the entire innings was 91.5%, which indicates he hardly played a false stroke. (By way of comparison, Joe Root’s control factor was 85% when he scored his double-century, and Kaushal Silva’s was 80%.)
Given Sangakkara’s form over the last couple of years, it isn’t a surprise that he has cashed in on the opportunity to get a big one at Lord’s. In the last two years - since June 2012 - Sangakkara has scored 1916 runs in 15 Tests, at an average of 87.09, with eight centuries; the only other batsman averaging more than 70 during this period is Shivnarine Chanderpaul (79.76).
[TABLE=“class: StoryengineTable, width: 630”]
[TR=“class: head”]
Batsman
Tests
Runs
Average
100s/ 50s
[/TR]

Kumar Sangakkara
15
1916
87.09
8/ 7

Shivnarine Chanderpaul
12
1037
79.76
4/ 2

Hashim Amla
17
1750
67.30
7/ 4

Cheteshwar Pujara
16
1543
67.08
6/ 3

AB de Villiers
18
1711
63.37
6/ 6

Michael Clarke
22
2143
61.22
8/ 5

Angelo Mathews
16
1168
58.40
1/ 7

Misbah-ul-Haq
12
1045
58.05
2/ 9

During the course of his magnificent century, Sangakkara shared a century stand with a close friend, and a batsman who has always done well at Lord’s. Mahela Jayawardene passed 50 for the fourth time in seven Test innings at Lord’s - of which he has converted two into hundreds - and he averages 71.66 here. Only seven overseas batsmen have scored more Test runs at Lord’s than Jayawardene.
The 126-run stand between them lifted their partnership aggregate to 6115, which is the third-highest on the all-time Test list, after Dravid-Tendulkar (6920) and Greenidge-Haynes (6482). They went past Hayden-Langer (6081) during the course of this partnership. This was also their 17th century stand, which is second only to 20by Tendulkar and Dravid.
With Angelo Mathews getting a half-century as well, Sri Lanka have four batsmen who’ve topped 50 in this innings, a feat they’ve accomplished only six times in Tests outside Asia. Of these six instances when they’ve had four or more 50-plus scores in an innings, three have been at Lord’s (the others here were in 2002 and 2006) and four in England. Overall, Sri Lanka’s batsmen have averaged 37.90 in Lord’s Tests over the years, thesecond-highest among all venues outside Asia where they’ve played at least two Tests; only in Bulawayo have they averaged more.
With England scoring 575 for 9 and Sri Lanka 415 for 7, this Test match so far has been a run-fest: 944 runs have been scored off the bat for the loss of 16 wickets, an average of 59 runs per wicket. That average will hopefully reduce over the next couple of days, but at the moment, that’s the highest average ever in a Lord’s Test.

20

Re: England v Sri Lanka, 1st Investec Test, Lord's

Match looks lie heading towards a boring draw.