Can a woman choose her own husband in Islam?

Here is a letter by Irfan Husain. He raises the issue of what provides the authority to Fathers and Brothers to deny the women the choice of selecting their own life partners? He says:
**Although there is no specific Islamic injunction giving them this authority, they nevertheless cite religion as the basis for this arbitrary power. **

Are there any specific Islamic injunctions or not? How can a woman possibly choose her own husband if there are severe restrictions on her movements?


http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=story_26-8-2002_pg3_6
Letter from London: Sugar and spice

Irfan Husain

The whole question of parents forcing girls to marry men against their choice invariably causes revulsion when it is reported in the media

Last year, an opinion poll in Britain showed that the overwhelming proportion of people polled indicated that they would prefer to have daughters to sons. Most said they thought boys were more difficult to raise, got into more trouble, were more selfish and were less likely to spend time with their parents. Girls, on the other hand, were perceived to be better students, kinder, and more likely to look after their parents, specially in their old age.

This is a far cry from attitudes in Pakistan (and most Third World countries, for that matter). Here, one reason for our high population birth rate is that parents who have a girl are apt to continue trying for a boy, often ending up with lots of girls who are then neglected while the boy (if one finally arrives) is spoilt silly. Indeed, boys get more attention as well as a better education and health care than their sisters. Thus, the literacy rate for girls is much lower than it is for boys. This preference for male children promotes the macho attitudes that are responsible for many of our problems. However, in the absence of social security, parents tend to perceive boys as an insurance against old age, specially in a society where girls, once married, are seen as somebody else’s property. Indeed, it is the perception of girls being initially their fathers’ responsibility and then their husbands’ that has caused them to be seen as a burden. The dowry system, inherited from Hindu society, has done much to promote the idea that girls are a burden on their parents. Mercifully, most other Muslim societies have not been tainted by this cruel arrangement.

In developed societies like Britain, both men and women move out of their parents’ homes once they start working, irrespective of whether they are married or not. And while parents give presents and host a reception at a wedding, they do not discriminate between boys and girls. There is no economic advantage or disadvantage to having a boy or a girl, hence the preference reported in the opinion poll reflected a rational choice, uninfluenced by economic considerations. In Pakistan, parents with several girls are generally the objects of pity.

These attitudes, when transposed to the West by immigrants, are considered archaic. The whole question of parents forcing girls to marry men against their choice invariably causes revulsion when it is reported in the media. There have been cases of Muslim fathers and brothers murdering girls and their lovers or husbands when they have decided to leave home rather than give in to the decision of their parents. The whole concept of women being second-rate citizens appals and disgusts Westerners. By refusing their daughters the freedom to select their own life partners, Muslims have further alienated themselves from mainstream society in the West. **Although there is no specific Islamic injunction giving them this authority, they nevertheless cite religion as the basis for this arbitrary power. **And this in turn erodes the respect outsiders have for Islam. Foreigners often ask how a religion that is supposed to promote equality can relegate half its followers to an inferior status… How indeed?

Islam is a religion based on rationality in every day matters. So the answer in that conjunction would be "yes".

I would never mind if I have a daughter who expresses her wish in this regards to me or her mother. If some one says no to the above question then he has got a serious problem.
:)

[QUOTE]
*Originally posted by mm10: *
Islam is a religion based on rationality in every day matters. So the answer in that conjunction would be "yes".

I would never mind if I have a daughter who expresses her wish in this regards to me or her mother. If some one says no to the above question then he has got a serious problem.
:)
[/QUOTE]

There are really two separate issues and one of them is hitting home pretty close because of a close family friend:

1) how can women excersise the option if their movements are restricted. and
2) here in USA that choice can be for a non-muslim secular guy. Some of these guys are quite happy to convert to Islam but in 'name' only. They will not even change their names to reflect that have converted. There is no discernable change in life style and atleast one guy I know even keeps attending his church as before.

I'll address issue number 1, Old Lahori.

Proof that Women are allowed to choose their own husbands:

  1. In the Quran, it says "Marry women of your choice". This commandment is to men. However, many scholars argue, that this same right is for women. Its directed towards both, but to save room and space, the commandment is 1 line, rather than 2 lines - 1 for man, and 1 for woman.

  2. There is one hadith, very famous, so i wont bother posting it - it shows a woman refusing to marry a man of her father's choice, and the Prophet siding with the woman.

  3. Khadija, the Prophet's first wife, proposed to the Rasul. She was a) older than him b) his employer c) a woman - the fact that she proposed and the Rasul didn't make any objection or announcement that such a proposal is wrong, then its accepted by almost all muslims that women are indeed able to choose their own husbands.

As for "how can they choose their husbands when their movement is restricted?"

  1. movement is not restricted at all. If a woman can't go somewhere, then a man probably cannot either. If a man is allowed to go somewhere, than a woman certainly is not prohibited (other than male public restrooms probably - I hope you dont mean THAT)

  2. a woman can work - she can certainly get to know men thru the work environment.

  3. if you mean dating,well lets be honest. What really goes on a "date"? Is it used today to "get to know a woman" or to "get to know her body"? I could give you solid rock scientific proof that dating doesn't help make marriages succeed.

  4. The FACT that arranged marriages are not the ONLY marriages allowed for muslims shows that obviously, to a certain and healthy extent, women are allowed to have active lifes in society and thus, get to know men.

  5. People think that women can't talk to men - this is a load of bull, i'm not believing it until someone shows me Quranic proof prohibiting women from holding conversation with na-mehram men!

Hmm...I guess I've made this pretty long - any more questions, just ask! :)

In Sahih al-Bukhari (6:548 & 7:72) there is recorded an incident in which a lady presented herself for marriage to the Prophet (s) whilst he was sitting in the company of others. The Prophet (s) declined but instead one of his companions stepped forward and asked to marry the lady instead. It is interesting to note that the Prophet (s) did not rebuke her for coming out to choose her own husband (although she didn’t get to marry the Prophet [s] as she’d wanted).

And Allah knows best.

Iqbal

PCG: How about the second point of the question. If a woman chooses to want to marry a non muslim?

[QUOTE]

                          2) here in USA that choice can be for a non-muslim secular guy. Some of these guys are quite happy to
                          convert to Islam but in 'name' only. They will not even change their names to reflect that have
                          converted. There is no discernable change in life style and atleast one guy I know even keeps
                          attending his church as before.

[/QUOTE]

filhaal:
does changing ones name or uttering some words make you a MUSLIM??

to choose dont you have to have some kind of relationship with several
males to compare and pick what suit you? how you know if that male is not a gay if dont know him?

[QUOTE]
*Originally posted by OldLahori: *
PCG: How about the second point of the question. If a woman chooses to want to marry a non muslim?
[/QUOTE]

thats not allowed under any circumstance....

[QUOTE]
*Originally posted by armughal: *

thats not allowed under any circumstance....
[/QUOTE]

That is precisely my point. What do you if you are living in UK or USA, and your close female relative decides to want to marry a non-muslim. Irfan's article does not address this issue. What can you do? Now there are cases reported now and then as he says where fathers end up killing their daughters. As he says "There have been cases of Muslim fathers and brothers murdering girls and their lovers or husbands when they have decided to leave home rather than give in to the decision of their parents."

Old Lahori, I dont have enough knowledge to answer the second question.

I do know that people say a woman can't marry a non-muslim, but a man can (although, i think the wife would have to be a christian or a jewess)

I dont know where this comes from, if its a hadith thing, or not. At any rate, to me it seems like a double standard, and I certainly haven't heard of a good solid explanation for it. All I hear is that women are weak in faith and will have less control over what their children decide -- and THAT I know is not true since in the end, the children will decide what they want, even if both parents are muslim. If there is a better explanation, i haven't heard it yet.

If a woman, for whatever reason, marries a non-muslim - NO ONE has the right to hurt her or kill her for it. That I know to be a fact. Even if one's child rejects Islam, the parents dont have the right to kill the child. What power the family has to prevent her from doing the act, I don't know. I do know that a parents' blessing is necessary, although no parent can block the wish of the offspring when it comes to marriage. At the most, in an ideal case, the girl would marry without the parents blessing.

You have to keep in mind that each case is different. I know a woman who married a sikh, and the agreement was that the child would be muslim...however, the sikh began to take the wife and kids to the temple as well as the mosque, and the woman divorced him in the end becuz he was pushing his religion on the mother and child. Maybe she did make a mistake in marrying him in the first place, but she got out of it.

Also, in some cases, the non-muslim husband (like in the US) would really not care about the religious beliefs of his family. If the wife wants to take her child to the mosque, then she does that without any interference from the husband. I've seen cases like this also. I know a woman who comes to the local mosque with her children, and by and by, her husband is now exploring the faith too - becuz he's being influenced by his children's excitement.

All in all, I'd suggest you do some in-depth research on the matter. It would be very helpful if we knew where the whole "woman can't marry outside her faith, but a man can" idea comes from.

yess she can , and im lookin forward to tht:)

002.221 Do not marry unbelieving women (idolaters), until they believe: A slave woman who believes is better than an unbelieving woman, even though she allures you. Nor marry (your girls) to unbelievers until they believe: A man slave who believes is better than an unbeliever, even though he allures you. Unbelievers do (but) beckon you to the Fire. But Allah beckons by His Grace to the Garden (of bliss) and forgiveness, and makes His Signs clear to mankind: That they may celebrate His praise.

very interesting Sholay - the ayah you've posted shows that the rule is same for men and women - dont marry non-believers. Christians and Jews are considered "believers" though. So where is the Quranic line , or Hadith, that says women can't marry Jews/christians while men can...?

Also, is there a societal punishment if you do marry a non-believer? I dont think there is, but lets check anyway.

[QUOTE]
*Originally posted by PyariCgudia: *
very interesting Sholay - the ayah you've posted shows that the rule is same for men and women - dont marry non-believers. Christians and Jews are considered "believers" though. So where is the Quranic line , or Hadith, that says women can't marry Jews/christians while men can...?

Also, is there a societal punishment if you do marry a non-believer? I dont think there is, but lets check anyway.
[/QUOTE]

The little bit I know I have picked up by listening in on the 'elders', and I think a muslim women marrying a non-muslim (including a jew or a christian ) is not acceptable. As far as societal punishment goes: You gotta be kidding! Do you read news from the muslim countries?

In islam parents are not allowed to refuse marriage of their children by their own choice. Unless they have a valid (shariah) reason. But our stupid culture........

[QUOTE]
Originally posted by PyariCgudia: *
**So where is the Quranic line , or Hadith, that says women can't marry Jews/christians while men can...?
*
[/quote]

The allowance in the Qur'anic verse 5:5 to marry the People of the Book is given only to men. There is no such permission in this verse for women. Therefore, this becomes the rule, if you think that the allowance should also be extended to women then you need to bring some evidence for that.

And Allah knows best.

Iqbal

Interesting.....Now why can't a muslim female marry a christian or jew guy, man of book? I just want to know. Here I agree with PCG. Why don't the same rules apply for men and female ? The main reason people say that childern take the religion of the father, what if the father allows his childern to become muslims so whats wrong there? Isn't that good? If we look at like this rationally..one christian man's childern will turn to be muslims this in turn means more muslim growth and less christians, isnt this a HUGE advantage for muslims in general?

http://www.gupistan.com/gallery/1/al-Baqara221.gif

[Yusufali 2:221] Do not marry unbelieving women (idolaters), until they believe: A slave woman who believes is better than an unbelieving woman, even though she allures you. Nor marry (your girls) to unbelievers until they believe: A man slave who believes is better than an unbeliever, even though he allures you. Unbelievers do (but) beckon you to the Fire. But Allah beckons by His Grace to the Garden (of bliss) and forgiveness, and makes His Signs clear to mankind: That they may celebrate His praise.

PakistaniAbroad: Carefully study the verse in Arabic. Is there any change in the way Allah addresses men and women?? There is NONE. Allah asks the same of men as He asks of women.. but translators let societal norms influence their translation of the verse hence the addition of (your girls) by Yusufali.

Truth is that the verse addresses men and women, and not their guardians, hence the answer to the thread that Yes, Islam allows women to chose their spouse

[QUOTE]
*Originally posted by Iqbal1089: *

The allowance in the Qur'anic verse 5:5 to marry the People of the Book is given only to men. There is no such permission in this verse for women. Therefore, this becomes the rule, if you think that the allowance should also be extended to women then you need to bring some evidence for that.

And Allah knows best.

Iqbal
[/QUOTE]

Interesting approach and I'm sure you ask of evidence from within the Qur'an, or else everyone who wishes to have something 'revoked' or 'superceded' in the Qur'an would bring a source, make up tall tales about it's origin and be able to influence people to override the Qur'an.

So wouldn't you apply this kind of stringent following to ALL injuncitons and directives in the Qur'an?