Re: Woman To Be Caned For Being Raped By 8 Men
A supporting document where clarification is given that a woman is NOT punished under hudood ordiance if she fails to produce 4 witnesses.
OBJECTION:-
In huddod ordinance it is not clear what to do when a woman complains about zina-bil-jabr and NGOs are stating that when they can’t bring four witness, they are punished under Qazf (false accusation of Zina.)
ANSWER:-
First of all, you should know that the Hudood Ordinance is concerned with only three things: (a) Definition of the crimes; (b) Evidence required for crimes; and (c) Punishment for the crimes. The issue of how the case is to be investigated, or whether women are to be put in jail, or how the FIR is to be dislodged falls outside the scope of the Hudood Ordinance.
So, at the first place, it is the Code of Criminal Procedure (Act V of 1898) and Police Major Act which deals with the issue of how to deal a complaint of Zina-bil-Jabr.
Secondly, under the Hudood Ordinance, a woman who complains of Zina-bil-Jabr, even if she can’t produce any evidence, she is not a criminal. Section 6, sub-section (1) of the Offence of Zina (Enforcement of Hudood) Ordinance, 1979 reads:
“A person **IS said to commit zina-bil-jabr…”
Contrast this with Section 4 of the same Ordinance:
“A man and woman **ARE said to commit Zina…”
So, at the first place, the woman is not a criminal, but, let me describe the whole process. A woman who complains of rape, her explanation is taken as the First Information Report (FIR) and the police investigates the issue. Usually, the person who was accused is arrested and investigation is done; medical is also done. The case is heard in a court of Magistrate and during the hearing, the woman can describe the whole story; if she feels shy, she can take two female persons for moral support. She is also asked if the one arrested is the same person who raped her; if she says “Yes” then the lawyers start questioning the accused.
Under the Hudood Ordinance, there are two types of punishments: (a) Hadd; and (b) Tazir. If there are four male Muslim adult sane pious persons who witnessed the act of penetration and they testify in the court, then the accused if he is a Muhsan shall be stoned to death and if he is not a Muhsan, he will be awarded punishment of 100 stripes alongwith death penalty, if the court deems fit. [It’s impossible that the court wouldn’t deem it fit; after all, four people saw him!] If there are four witnesses not available, but, the accused confesses the crime himself and does not resile from his confession, he will be liable to the aforesaid punishment.
If the above conditions of evidence are not met, but, the court is satisfied that the crime stands proved on other forms of evidence (like DNA test, medical evidence, etc.), then Tazir can be awarded to the accused. This is mentioned clearly in Section 10 of the Hudood Ordinance and example of cases where this happened are Kalimullah Case, Abdul Rehman Case of Karachi, etc.
The tazir punishments are as follows:
(a) Gang rape: punishment of death to everyone
(b) Rape by one person: 25 years imprisonment, whipping numbering 30 stripes, fine
(c) Kidnapping: Life imprisonment alongwith 30 stripes
… and there are punishments for other sexual crimes too.
So, by now, you can see that a woman is not expected to produce four witnesses and the criminal can be punished even if there is no witness, but, the crime stands proved by medical examination, etc.
The last issue is that if a case of rape is filed and heard, but, there is not enough evidence available to prove the crime, then what will happen? The case will simply end without punishing anyone. But, it must be noted that if such a case ends without the charge being proved, there are two possibilities:-
(a) The allegation of rape was actually a lie; or
(b) The allegation may or may not be true, but, there is not enough evidence available to prove it or disprove it either; in such a case, there has been “loss of evidence.”
NOTE HERE THAT THE OFFENCE OF QAZF (ENFORCEMENT OF HUDOOD) ORDINANCE, 1979 ONLY GIVES WOMEN, NOT MEN, THE RIGHT TO FILE A COMPLAINT OF QAZF. THEREFORE, IF A WOMAN COMPLAINS RAPE BUT CANNOT PROVE IT, SHE CANNOT BE PUNISHED, EVEN IF THE ACCUSED WANTS TO PUNISH HER**
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