In another thread I was reading that Quran was actually compiled or authorized by 3rd Caliph. If it is true how Muslims are sure that Quran was never tempered and is a word of God directly from Prophet Days?
Sunni and Shia sects do not recognize each other’ Hadits and other religious scriptures. How Muslims can prove that everything is correctly compiled concerning Prophet’ life?
Under the caliphate of Omar an Iranian chief became a headache for Medina. He was the governer of a place on the shores of the persian gulf. Twice beaten in the battle, he sued for peace. But each time went back on his word and re-started trouble. The Caliph felt puzzled. At last orders went out to the commanders at Basra and Kufa for a two-prolonged attack on the shy Iranian chief.
Unable to fight in the open, he shut himself up in the fortress of Tustar. For a whole month the siege of the fortress went on. Feeling helpless the guy offered himself up, on the condition that he be sent to the caliph, who might deal with him as he thought fit.
Soon he was on the way to Medina, escorted by a guard. When the city drew in sight, he put on dazzling silken robes and a crown of jewels.
The sight of the Caliph dressed in patched clothes was not expected by the Iranian.
''Why did you break your word again and again?'' demanded the Caliph.
Before replying to the question he asked for a drink. A glass of water was brought. Taking the glass in hand the Iranian chief exclaimed, ''I am afraid I will be slain before I have finished drinking.''
''Have no fear ,'' said the Caliph , ''you will not be killed till you have finished the drink''
At this the clever Iranian spilled down the water and said. ''Now you can't slay me. I have got your word.''
All stood amazed at the trick. Presently the guy declared his conversion to Islam by repeating the Kalima.
''I asked for water,'' he went on ''only to wring out of you the promise to spare my life. I have used this trick lest people say I became muslim for fear of life.''
The Caliph Omar (radi allahu wa anho) felt amused. The Iranian chief spent the rest of his life in Medina.
As far as the order of the Holy Quran was concerned, there is no human intervention in that. Durning each Ramadhan, angel Gabriel used to recite the entire revealed Quran (upto that time) with the Holy Prophet (peace be upon him). In the last Ramadhan before his death, Gabriel recited the entire revealed Holy Quran to the Holy Prophet twice. This annual recitation was the source of Holy Quran's current order.
At the time of the death of the Holy Prophet (peace be upon him), Holy Quran was still not present in a book form. There were thousands of Huffaz that have memorised the Holy Quran but as around 500 of them were killed during the time of Hazrat Abu Bakar in a battle, it prompted Hazrat Abu Bakar to appoint a commission with the task of compiling Holy Quran into one volume. The accuracy of the text of this volume was checked by the Sahabas of Holy Prophet, who has memorised the Holy Quran. This volume was completed within two years of the death of Holy Prophet (peace be upon him).
Hazrat Usman appointed the same commission to prepare some additional copies of Holy Quran which are then distributed through out the Muslim world.
the one value in sects that i see is that we all agree for our own reasons on the veracity of the Quran. and having multiple authentications of something from sects very divergent from each other seems to be a big corroboration. Sunnis implicitly trust their compilation. Shias believe the first copy of the Quran was compiled by Hazrat Ali, and there are atleast six existing copies of the Quran compiled by a Shia Imam (i posted a link with pictures somewhere on this forum..).
so anjjan, thats the answer to your question.
When independent witnesses confirm a fact that becomes valid but when people who start together as wintesses and then split up, they become suspects of making up things to cover their own backs.
Re: When Quran was compiled?
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*Originally posted by anjjan: *
In another thread I was reading that Quran was actually compiled or authorized by 3rd Caliph. If it is true how Muslims are sure that Quran was never tempered and is a word of God directly from Prophet Days?
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The Qur'an has come through to us through tawaatur or multiplicity of channels. Although Uthman is said to have compiled the mushaf, the Qur'an - which literally means 'Recitation' - was always recited and memorised as revealed and protected in the hearts of the people around the Prophet (s), until it was recorded by the orders/actions of the 1st, 3rd, or 4th Caliph (according to different narrations).
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Sunni and Shia sects do not recognize each other’ Hadits and other religious scriptures. How Muslims can prove that everything is correctly compiled concerning Prophet’ life?
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This is not entirely true. Both Shia and Sunni schools refer to a largely and remarkably common pool of material to draw information about the early days of Islam and the life of the Prophet (s).
Just to clear up one point, Quran was compiled in its entirety during the time of the first Khalifa (Abu Bakar - Razi Allah) on the strong pleadings of Hazrat Umar (Razi Allah). Initially Hazrat Abubakar resist, saying how can I do something that the Prophet (Peace be Upon Him) never did in his lifetime, but Hazrat Umar convinced him that this is important.
During the time of Hazrat Usman (Razi Allah), they added aeraab or punctuation marks merely to ensure that the Quran's recitation remains exactly as it was revealed to Quraysh. No other additions or deletions were made and order of suras was not changed at all.
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*Originally posted by Faisal: *
During the time of Hazrat Usman (Razi Allah), they added aeraab or punctuation marks merely to ensure that the Quran's recitation remains exactly as it was revealed to Quraysh.
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I think you mean vowelization, not punctuation. Punctuation doesn't lend any clue as to how a particular word should be recited. Do you mean vowelization?
zair, zabar, paish kinda stuff. What do you call them? I am not 100% sure.
^
the aa'raab were added by hajjaj bin yusus and not by Uthman (ra)....
Uthman (ra) asked for all the copies of the Quran and destroyed them all except for the qiraat of Quraysh....
the Quran was revealed in 7 (seven) qiraats....
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*Originally posted by Faisal: *
zair, zabar, paish kinda stuff. What do you call them? I am not 100% sure.
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Vowels
... and armughal has already pre-empted my next question (in addition to Hajjaj bin Yusuf one should also look up the early influence of Abu al-Aswad al-Du'ali on the vowel system)...
But where did you get it that Uthman (r) added the zair, zabar etc.?
[QUOTE]
*Originally posted by armughal: *
^
the aa'raab were added by hajjaj bin yusus and not by Uthman (ra)....
Uthman (ra) asked for all the copies of the Quran and destroyed them all except for the qiraat of Quraysh....
the Quran was revealed in 7 (seven) qiraats....
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The Quran was revealed by Allah on The Holy Prophet in 7(Seven) Qiraats. If this is so then 6 other Qiraats other than Quraysh one, were never removed by The holy Prophet(PBUH&HF). Who else has this more rights to remove it? He must be more intelligent and knowledgeable person. If somebody saw some problems in keeping those Qiraats; was not Prophet (PBUH&HF) intelligent enough to remove those Qiraats as those were remove by somebody else. Was not he familiar with the problems? If it’s not a matter of intellect then what the credit was. Was Allah himself not aware of it (nauzobillah). please help me understand this. Wasalam
^ If you really want to "understand", get yourself copies of:
Variant Readings of the Qur'an: A Critical Study of their Historical and Linguistic Origins by Ahmed Ali al Imam (published by IIIT, Virginia, 1998)
An Introduction to the Sciences of the Qur'an by Abu Ammaar Yasir Qadhi (published by Al-Hidaayah, UK, 1999)
Both of them discuss in detail the opinions and evidences for whether Uthman (r):
preserved only one of the seven ahruf
preserved all seven ahruf
preserved a portion of the seven ahruf
You'll also find reports from Ali (r) where he agrees with Uthman's (r) actions to the extent that he is quoted as saying, "If i were in charge when Uthmaan had been, i would have done the same as he did." (p.137 of the latter work)
look them up if you are serious
[QUOTE]
*Originally posted by Faisal: *
Just to clear up one point, Quran was compiled in its entirety during the time of the first Khalifa (Abu Bakar - Razi Allah) on the strong pleadings of Hazrat Umar (Razi Allah). Initially Hazrat Abubakar resist, saying how can I do something that the Prophet (Peace be Upon Him) never did in his lifetime, but Hazrat Umar convinced him that this is important.
During the time of Hazrat Usman (Razi Allah), they added aeraab or punctuation marks merely to ensure that the Quran's recitation remains exactly as it was revealed to Quraysh. No other additions or deletions were made and order of suras was not changed at all.
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What common era? What CE?
What year?
since during the time of Uthman (ra) more and more non-arabs were coming into the circle of Islam, he feared that they might think Quran has more than one VERSION if they heard the different recitations and hence decided to unite the Ummah on one recitation....
different arab tribes had different dialects and hence the different recitations for ease of understanding....
the seven qirats r still there for ppl who master the Quranic Qiraat....
its not a LOST thing....
e.g. this verse inna fil an'aami la-'ibra nusqeekum is also recited as inna fil an'aami la-'ibra tusqeekum and inna fil an'aami la-'ibra tesqeekum in different recitations....
and why did hajjaj bin yusuf add aa'raab????
he did not want the non-arabs to get confused while reading....
the aaraab (zair zabar and even the dots on alphabets) were added....
if u ever read the earlier scripts, the fa has no dot, the qaf has one dot....
the ba ta and all have no dots at all....
how do u differentiate then????
if u know the language u can, if u dont, bang ur head on the wall....
OR be thankful that hajjaj bin yusuf atleast did one good thing for the ummah....
Uthman just selected one(Quraish) out of 7 Kiraat (dialects) of Quran because it was his belief that Quran came down in Quraish Dialect. Since there was no chance of any error because he (his team) did not do any collection of Ayat or Surahs from Quran from other people because it was already collected and well documented by Hazrat Abu Bakar. The only thing Uthman’s team did was the selection of dialect and removing other dialects. Although The Holy Prophet Muhammad (PBUH&HF) said: "The Quran is revealed in seven dialects, all of them are right and perfect."
Question here is what is a dialect? And how it differs from the other. What was the danger for Ummah to keep those other 6 Dialects which were also right as per Prophet Muhammad(PBUH&HF).
There is no doubt in 3rd Khalif's act as it was Allah's promise. however How we can justify the act of al-Hajjaj Ibn Yusuf, was that completely error free. in other words, was he Masoom in this act. because misuse (wrong use) of zair/zubar/paish can change the meaning of an ayat.
The Quran was written in the Prophets time. It was also momorized by many people. The third Caliph(Usman) made copies and sent them to the governor of each city.
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Sunni and Shia sects do not recognize each other’ Hadits and other religious scriptures.
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What other scriptures? Both have the same Quran, word to word, Aaraab to aaraab, and I have never heard a Shia or Sunni maulana recite a hadith the other sect doesn't recognise.
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*Originally posted by MundaPakistani: *
The Quran was written in the Prophets time. It was also momorized by many people. The third Caliph(Usman) made copies and sent them to the governor of each city.
[/QUOTE]
If he just made copies then what other members are saying in this thread; something about Karaat that except one othere were removed and Aaraab by al-Hajjaj Ibn Yusuf. Factual History? Just fabricated Stories?
inuit,
What exactly is your point? Are you saing it was it wrong to bring all muslims to one recitation? Or was it wrong to add signs so that non-Arabic people can recite it the way it was recited by the Prophet (Peace be upon him)?
I am not sure I understand what you are trying to get at. I am sure the Quran you read today is the same Quran I read is the same as the one recited by Hajjaj Bin Yousaf and is the same Quran that was compiled by Hazrat Usman (Razi Allah) and recited by the Prophet.
Pls clarify your thought process.
Al-Bukhaari.
Volume 6, Book 61, Number 509:
Narrated Zaid bin Thabit:
Abu Bakr As-Siddiq sent for me when the people! of Yamama had been killed (i.e., a number of the Prophet's Companions who fought against Musailama). (I went to him) and found 'Umar bin Al-Khattab sitting with him. Abu Bakr then said (to me), "Umar has come to me and said: "Casualties were heavy among the Qurra' of the! Qur'an (i.e. those who knew the Quran by heart) on the day of the Battle of Yalmama, and I am afraid that more heavy casualties may take place among the Qurra' on other battlefields, whereby a large part of the Qur'an may be lost. Therefore I suggest, you (Abu Bakr) order that the Qur'an be collected." I said to 'Umar, "How can you do something which Allah's Apostle did not do?" 'Umar said, "By Allah, that is a good project. "Umar kept on urging me to accept his proposal till Allah opened my chest for it and I began to realize the good in the idea which 'Umar had realized." Then Abu Bakr said (to me). 'You are a wise young man and we do not have any suspicion about you, and you used to write the Divine Inspiration for Allah's Apostle. So you should search for (the fragmentary scripts of) the Qur'an and collect it in one book)." By Allah If they had ordered me to shift one of the mountains, it would not have been heavier for me than this ordering me to collect the Qur'an. Then I said to Abu Bakr, "How will you do something which Allah's Apostle did not do?" Abu Bakr replied, "By Allah, it is a good project." Abu Bakr kept on urging me to accept his idea until Allah opened my chest for what He had opened the chests of Abu Bakr and 'Umar. So I started looking for the Qur'an and collecting it from (what was written on) palmed stalks, thin white stones and also from the men who knew it by heart, till I found the last Verse of Surat At-Tauba (Repentance) with Abi Khuzaima Al-Ansari, and I did not find it with anybody other than him. The Verse is:
'Verily there has come unto you an Apostle (Muhammad) from amongst yourselves. It grieves him that you should receive any injury or difficulty..(till the end of Surat-Baraa' (At-Tauba) (9.128-129) Then the complete manuscripts (copy) of the Qur'an remained with Abu Bakr till he died, then with 'Umar till the end of his life, and then with Hafsa, the daughter of 'Umar.
Volume 6, Book 61, Number 510:
Narrated Anas bin Malik:
Hudhaifa bin Al-Yaman came to Uthman at the time when the people of Sham and the people of Iraq were Waging war to conquer Arminya and Adharbijan. Hudhaifa was afraid of their (the people of Sham and Iraq) differences in the recitation of the Qur'an, so he said to 'Uthman, "O chief of the Believers! Save this nation before they differ about the Book (Quran) as Jews and the Christians did before." So 'Uthman sent a message to Hafsa saying, "Send us the manuscripts of the Qur'an so that we may compile the Qur'anic materials in perfect copies and return the manuscripts to you." Hafsa sent it to 'Uthman. 'Uthman then ordered Zaid bin Thabit, 'Abdullah bin AzZubair, Said bin Al-As and 'AbdurRahman bin Harith bin Hisham to rewrite the manuscripts in perfect copies. 'Uthman said to the three Quraishi men, "In case you disagree with Zaid bin Thabit on any point in the Qur'an, then write it in the dialect of Quraish, the Qur'an was revealed in their tongue." They did so, and when they had written many copies, 'Uthman returned the original manuscripts to Hafsa. 'Uthman sent to every Muslim province one copy of what they had copied, and ordered that all the other Qur'anic materials, whether written in fragmentary manuscripts or whole copies, be burnt. Said bin Thabit added, "A Verse from Surat Ahzab was missed by me when we copied the Qur'an and I used to hear Allah's Apostle reciting it. So we searched for it and found it with Khuzaima bin Thabit Al-Ansari. (That Verse was): 'Among the Believers are men who have been true in their covenant with Allah.' (33.23)
Volume 6, Book 61, Number 511:
Narrated Zaid bin Thabit:
Abu Bakr sent for me and said, "You used to write the Divine Revelations for Allah's Apostle : So you should search for (the Qur'an and collect) it." I started searching for the Qur'an till I found the last two Verses of Surat At-Tauba with Abi Khuzaima Al-Ansari and I could not find these Verses with anybody other than him. (They were):
'Verily there has come unto you an Apostle (Muhammad) from amongst yourselves. It grieves him that you should receive any injury or difficulty ...' (9.128-129)
Volume 6, Book 61, Number 512:
Narrated Al-Bara:
There was revealed: 'Not equal are those believers who sit (at home) and those who strive and fight in the Cause of Allah.' (4.95)
The Prophet said, "Call Zaid for me and let him bring the board, the inkpot and the scapula bone (or the scapula bone and the ink pot)."' Then he said, "Write: 'Not equal are those Believers who sit..", and at that time 'Amr bin Um Maktum, the blind man was sitting behind the Prophet . He said, "O Allah's Apostle! What is your order For me (as regards the above Verse) as I am a blind man?" So, instead of the above Verse, the following Verse was revealed:
'Not equal are those believers who sit (at home) except those who are disabled (by injury or are blind or lame etc.) and those who strive and fight in the cause of Allah.' (4.95)
Volume 6, Book 61, Number 513:
Narrated 'Abdullah bin 'Abbas:
Allah's Apostle said, "Gabriel recited the Qur'an to me in one way. Then I requested him (to read it in another way), and continued asking him to recite it in other ways, and he recited it in several ways till he ultimately recited it in seven different ways."
Volume 6, Book 61, Number 514:
Narrated 'Umar bin Al-Khattab:
I heard Hisham bin Hakim reciting Surat Al-Furqan during the lifetime of Allah's Apostle and I listened to his recitation and noticed that he recited in several different ways which Allah's Apostle had not taught me. I was about to jump over him during his prayer, but I controlled my temper, and when he had completed his prayer, I put his upper garment around his neck and seized him by it and said, "Who taught you this Sura which I heard you reciting?" He replied, "Allah's Apostle taught it to me." I said, "You have told a lie, for Allah's Apostle has taught it to me in a different way from yours." So I dragged him to Allah's Apostle and said (to Allah's Apostle),
"I heard this person reciting Surat Al-Furqan in a way which you haven't taught me!" On that Allah's Apostle said, "Release him, (O 'Umar!) Recite, O Hisham!" Then he recited in the same way as I heard him reciting. Then Allah's Apostle said, "It was revealed in this way," and added, "Recite, O 'Umar!" I recited it as he had taught me. Allah's Apostle then said, "It was revealed in this way. This Qur'an has been revealed to be recited in seven different ways, so recite of it whichever (way) is easier for you (or read as much of it as may be easy for you)."
Volume 6, Book 61, Number 515:
Narrated Yusuf bin Mahk:
While I was with Aisha, the mother of the Believers, a person from Iraq came and asked, "What type of shroud is the best?" 'Aisha said, "May Allah be merciful to you! What does it matter?" He said, "O mother of the Believers! Show me (the copy of) your Qur'an," She said, "Why?" He said, "In order to compile and arrange the Qur'an according to it, for people recite it with its Suras not in proper order." 'Aisha said, "What does it matter which part of it you read first? (Be informed) that the first thing that was revealed thereof was a Sura from Al-Mufassal, and in it was mentioned Paradise and the Fire. When the people embraced Islam, the Verses regarding legal and illegal things were revealed. If the first thing to be revealed was: 'Do not drink alcoholic drinks.' people would have said, 'We will never leave alcoholic drinks,' and if there had been revealed, 'Do not commit illegal sexual intercourse, 'they would have said, 'We will never give up illegal sexual intercourse.' While I was a young girl of playing age, the following Verse was revealed in Mecca to Muhammad: 'Nay! But the Hour is their appointed time (for their full recompense), and the Hour will be more grievous and more bitter.' (54.46) Sura Al-Baqara (The Cow) and Surat An-Nisa (The Women) were revealed while I was with him." Then 'Aisha took out the copy of the Qur'an for the man and dictated to him the Verses of the Suras (in their proper order) .
Volume 6, Book 61, Number 518:
Narrated Shaqiq:
Abdullah said, "I learnt An-Naza'ir which the Prophet used to recite in pairs in each Rak'a." Then Abdullah got up and Alqama accompanied him to his house, and when Alqama came out, we asked him (about those Suras). He said, "They are twenty Suras that start from the beginning of Al-Mufassal, according to the arrangement done be Ibn Mas'ud, and end with the Suras starting with Ha Mim, e.g. Ha Mim (the Smoke). and "About what they question one another?" (78.1)
Volume 6, Book 61, Number 521:
Narrated Masriq:
'Abdullah bin 'Amr mentioned 'Abdullah bin Masud and said, "I shall ever love that man, for I heard the Prophet saying, 'Take (learn) the Qur'an from four: 'Abdullah bin Masud, Salim, Mu'adh and Ubai bin Ka'b.' "