Re: What is the aim of circumcision of men in Islam?
^^^ That is a different question … I did thought that you are asking what you have asked here, but then, your question was not clear, so I went for other answer.:)
Anyhow, let me try to answer what you want to know … from whatt I know and understand.
There are many reasons Allah made things obligatory on humans (sometime only on particular group of people).
I can give you few reasons (that one can call ‘hikmet’ behind obligations).
1: In some obligations there are health benefits or some physical benefits for all.
2: In some obligations there are benefits for most but may have no benefits for others.
3: In some obligations there could be benefits in certain circumstances, but no benefit in most cases.
4: In some obligations there are benefits for some but harm for others.
And so on …
But … one thing is common with all obligations that Allah has put on believers. That is, manifestation of obedience … or Shahadah (giving witness) from actions and/or words that one believes on Allah and his sovereignty.
Now, you can think what could be the factor behind Allah making covenant with Ibrahim (AS) on issue of circumcision. Circumcision has benefits in some cases, but generally consequence is neutral … especially for those who keep themselves clean (what in Islam is additional requirement anyhow).
In my opinion, Ibrahim (AS) was a special creation of Allah, whom Allah considered closer than other of his creations. It is this reason, Allah blessed Ibrahim (AS) and descendant of Ibrahim (AS) till judgment day (and beyond). To distinguish family of Ibrahim (AS) from other human beings, Allah not only sent many Prophets in the family of Ibrahim (AS) but put his family (descendants … seeds) through many trials and turmoil.
Why turmoil? … Because facing worldly turmoil for believers are beneficial after death on judgment day ... as believers facing turmoil in this world can become cause (and reason) of getting forgiveness from Allah on judgement day.
Circumcision in my opinion is way for descendent of Ibrahim (AS) to know (or recognise) that they have special (or different) relationship with Allah.