Wakhi People(Who they are)??Some Info.

Wakhi (ethnic group)

Inhabitants of Wakhan. An ethnic group consisting of speakers of the Wakhi language. Also known as Pamiri or Mountain Tajiks.

Population and Demographics

A very rough estimate puts the population of Wakhis at about 50,000.

The population is divided among four different countries, i.e.,
Pakistan,
Tajikistan,
Afghanistan,
and China.

Religion

The religion of the Wakhi Tajiks is Nizari Ismaili Shia Muslim, being followers of Prince Karim Aga Khan.

The literacy rate among Wakhi Tajiks in the northern areas of Pakistan is about 60%.

Organizations

Wakhi Tajik Cultural Association

In Pakistan, the central organization of Wakhi Tajiks is the Wakhi Tajik Cultural Association Pakistan (WTCA), an organization that is working with the Pakistani Ministry of Culture and Tourism and Lok Virsa Pakistan.

The WTCA aims to preserve the Wakhi Tajiki language and culture and to record its poetry and music. The WTCA has arranged more than twenty programmes since 1984, including cultural shows, musical nights, large-scale musical festivals with the collaboration of Lok Virsa Pakistan, Aga Khan Cultural Service Pakistan (AKCSP), and Pakistan Television.

In 2000, the WTCA won a “Best Programme” organizer award in the Silk Road Festival from the President of Pakistan, Pervez Musharraf.

Media

Radio Pakistan’s Gilgit station broadcasts the Wakhi radio programme “Sada-e Baam-e Dunya” (the Voice of the Roof of the World).

A computerized codification of Wakhi script has been released. It is hoped that this will help researchers record and document Wakhi poetry, literature and history.

Gojal

Located in the Upper Hunza region, Gojal is geographically the largest Tehsil of the Northern Areas of Pakistan and borders the Xinjiang-Uighur region of China. The Karakorum Highway (KKH) crosses Gojal to go through the Khunjerab Pass linking Pakistan to China and other Central Asian countries.

The population is about 20,000 and the majority speaks Wakhi language; while Burushaski and Domaski languages are also spoken in some villages.

Shimshal, Chiporsun, Sust, Passu, Hussaini, Ghulkin, Morkhon, Shishkat etc are some of the main valleys of Gojal.

Gulmit is the main town and seat of government while Sust is the border check-post and gateway for Pakistan-China overland trade. The people belong to the Ismaili sect of Shia Islam.

Re: Wakhi People(Who they are)??Some Info.

Language.

The Wakhi language belongs to the southern group of the Pamir languages, in the Iranian group of the Indo-European family of languages, where the different Ishkashmi and Wakhi languages are included. The Wakhi language, rich in archaisms, differs considerably from the Pamir languages, and generally from the southeastern group of Iranian languages, having certain common characteristics with the Indian languages. Although divided by borders, the Wakhi language is still very much the same, and dialectal differences are not great.

The language of mutual communication, and the written language, for the Ismaelites of the small nations of Pamir has been the Tadzhik language. The Wakhi oral tradition is also bilingual (Wakhi and Tadzhik). On the Upper Wakhandarya, there are noticeable Turkic influences in place-names. Wakhi-Kirgiz contacts are maintained even today. Many Wakhs also speak the Shugni language. The Wakhi folksong bul'bulik is principally a women's song, it is sung on the summer pastures. Before the establishment of the Soviet regime, the Wakhs were almost totally illiterate. Nowadays, schooling is obligatory for everyone. The language for schooling is, without exception, Tadzhik, which places Wakhi in a passive role and accelerates the disintegration of the language. In domestic situation, however, Wakhi is still preferred, whatever the subject, although most Wakhs speak Tadzhik quite fluently.

History.

Until the second half of the 19th century, Wakhan was an autonomous region (Ishkashmi included), which from time to time succumbed to the rule of the Emirs of Badakhshan.

Writing.

Like other Pamir languages, Wakhi has no written language. In the Soviet Union, Tadzhik is used for literary purposes, more specifically, the peculiar Wakhan dialect of the Tadzhik language. The only incidences of monolingualism would be amongst young children or old women. In Afghanistan, the Wakhs use Dard or Farsikabul, and Afghan or Pashto (Pushtu) for a written language; in China, primarily Uighur or Chinese. In Afghanistan, compared to the Tadzhik Wakhs, the extinction of the Wakhi language is a slower process, as there is no compulsory education and literacy is still not widespread.

Re: Wakhi People(Who they are)??Some Info.

Gojal Tehsil in HUNZA is the largest territory of Wakhi speaking people in Pakistan.

Gulmit is the capital of the Gojal Tehsil, in the upper Hunza region of the Gilgit territory.

Gulmit is a centuries-old historic town, with mountains, peaks and glaciers. It is a tourist spot and has many hotels, shops and a museum. Its altitude is 2408m (7900 ft) above the Arabian Sea level and has a population of over 6000, with about 1000 houses. The people speak Wakhi language and belong to the Ismaili sect of Islam. There are six Jamaat-khanas or religious community centres.

With the ever expanding social and economic scope of Gojal, Gulmit still sits in the driving seat for the development of Gojal. There are as many as 26 registered organizations working wholehearted for the revival of Wakhi culture and the betterment of the region. Some of the biggest organizatoins, member-wise and activites-wise are the following. 1. Gulmit Educatinal and Social Welfare Society (GESW) 2. Counselling and Managment Body Gulmit (CMBG) 3. Gulmit Conservation Project (GCP) 4. Rituals Committee 5. Wakhi Tajik Cultaral Association (WTCA)

Apart from these socail organizations there are the Jammati organizations, woriking under the banner of the Shia Immami Ismaila Council for Gulmit. These Jammati organizations, as braches, include the following; 1. Aga Khan Youth and Sports Board 2. Aga Khan Economic Planing Board 3. Aga Khan Social Welfare Board 4. Aga Khan Planing and Construction Board 5. Aga Khan Cultural Suport Services 6. Aga Khan Health Services ( a family health center) 7. Aga Khan Education Services (tso schools for girls) 8. Aga Khan Counselling and Arbitration Committee 9. Ismailia Tariqah and Religious Educaiton Board (ITREB)

Re: Wakhi People(Who they are)??Some Info.

HUNZA VALLEY

Hunza valley is situated in the Northwest of Pakistan.

Hunza is a subdivision of the Gilgit District within the Northern Areas.

The size of the Hunza territory is 11,695 Km (above one quarter of Switzerland).

Approximately 46,500 people live in the main-valley.

95% of people living in Hunza valley and 100% in Upper Hunza belong to Ismailism with The His Highness Prince Karim Aga Khan as a spirtual leader. 5% are members of Shia Imami and are concentrated in the village Ganesh and surrounding settlements.

Hunza valley itself is divided into three main parts, Where people speak different languages:

1) SHINA is spoken in lower Hunza (Approx 10-15,000 People).

2) BRUSHAWSKI in central Hunza (Approx 8-12,000 People).

3) WAKHI is spoken in Upper Hunza(Approx 15-20,000 People).

UPPER HUNZA:

Upper Hunza is quite different as compared to lower and central Hunza .

The people living here are Wakhis, an ethic group staying in the mountainous areas of the Karakoram and the Pamirs in the boarder land of Pakistan, China and Afghanistan.

The language and culture distinguish them from Brush and Shina speaking people, who live in central and lower Hunza.

The landscape is different as well. The valley becomes narrow and is framed by steep slopes. Huge glaciers like the Passu, Hussaini and Batura glaciers reach the KKH. Tourists visiting Gojal is mostly adventure tourists. They go hiking and tracking among the famous peaks and glaciers located here.
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Shishpar (7,611 metres) and Passu Glacier from Avdegar, Gojal.
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Tupopdan (6,106 metres)from Passu village, Gojal.
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Morkhun Village, Gojal Pakistan – home to Wakhi people,the area along the upper Hunza River between Hunza proper and the Khunjerab Pass, in the heart of the Karakoram mountains. Outside Baltistan, Gojal is the Karakorum's most extensively glaciated region, with a population of 14,700 people.

POPULATION IN CHINA,TAJIKISTAN,PAKISTAN & AFGHANISTAN:

Population total all countries 50,000.

About 20,000 Wakhis live in Pakistan including 8,500 to 10,000 in Gojal, 4,000 Ishkoman, 500 Yasin, 1500 Yarkhun (2005), plus refugees.Men and young people are fairly bilingual in Urdu. Fewer than half the women, and few older people in remote areas speak Urdu. Older people and those who live in mixed villages in Gojal can use Burushaski. Speakers have a positive language attitude toward Wakhi and Urdu. The people are called 'Guhjali' in upper Hunza, but call themselves 'Khik.' Valleys. Pastoralists: sheep, goats, cattle, yak, camels; agriculturalists: barley. Ismaili Muslim.

12,000 in Afghanistan.People are called 'Guhjali'. Literacy rate in first language is Below 1%. All are Ismaili Muslim.Almost all live in the Wakhan strip of Badakhshan province in the Northeast of the country,intermixed with the Kirghiz population of Afghanistan.

9,000 in China.Dialect intelligibility is not a problem, even with those in other countries. Most people are Bilingual in Chinese. They are Included under the Special Tajik nationality (mainly Sarikoli) in China. Most are pastoralists with sheep & cattle herders; Some are farmers and grow barley, wheat & peas. All are Ismaili Muslims.

9,000 in Tajikistan.Dialects are inherently intelligible. Tajiki is used as a literary language. Not a written language. Speakers are called 'Guhjali.' Ismaili Muslim.

SNOW LEOPARD:A NATIVE OF GOJAL IN HUNZA VALLEY & IN BALTISTAN:

Khunjerab National Park is home to the Community-Based Snow Leopard Conservation in Pakistan’s Northern Areas.Pakistan’s Northern Areas provide over 80% of the country’s available habitat for snow leopards. Recent studies suggest the population here might be as high as 400 animals, or as low as 250. Here, as elsewhere, the main threats come from retaliatory killing due to livestock depredation, illegal hunting for the cats’ valuable pelt, bones and body parts for traditional Chinese medicine (traded across the border into China), and depletion of the main prey, ibex and marmot.

Anthropologist-scholar Dr. John Mock and his wife, writer Kimberley O’Neil, visited Pakistan’s Northern Areas on behalf of the Snow Leopard Conservancy in 1993. Mock and O’Neil have worked in the region for many years, are experts on the culture of the local people, vital for any new conservation efforts in the region. Mock is a leading scholar of the Wakhi culture of northern Pakistan. He and O’Neil co-authored the Lonely Planet guidebook, Trekking in the Karakoram & Hindukush, which highlights Pakistan’s conservation concerns and efforts.

Special Note:
Dr. John Mock = John Mock,Ph.D is from the University of California at Berkeley. . His doctoral research, for which he was awarded a Fulbright fellowship, was on the oral traditions of the Wakhi people who live in Gojal along Pakistan's northern border. John's expertise includes the languages and cultures throughout northern Pakistan, and he speaks Urdu, Wakhi, Hindi and Nepali, among other languages. John is currently a Lecturer in Hindi and Urdu at the University of California at Santa Cruz. He has also worked in Pakistan as a consultant on national park management with the Worldwide Fund for Nature (WWF) and as a guide and translator for National Geographic magazine.

Kimberley O'Neil is a freelance writer of travel guidebooks specializing in Pakistan and California. She has been writing walking guides for Lonely Planet Publications for the past ten years.