Re: Visa type for turkey
Speaking from experience, schengen visas are easiest to apply for (even more so if you live near london) and depending on the embassy, you can get them for free as well.
Up until recently, spouses of EU nationals didn't need a schengen or tourist visa to travel to switzerland so my husband and I went there shortly after he arrived in the UK. However, that rule has now changed unfortunately.
You could go to Bulgaria without having to apply for a separate visa too.
We've been to Madrid without applying for a Schengen visa, we just took our marriage certificates and argued with the immigration officers as technically schengen states cannot refuse entry to spouses of EU nationals if they are travelling together. But it's a big risk to take and depends on what kind of mood the officer is in.