Just after 31 years after passing of Pakistan Resolution based on Two Nations’ Theory, tragedy of Dhaka fall happened. That raises questions:
Whether nations are made on the basis of religion?
If yes, why tragedy of Dhaka fall happened? Why we are still divided in Sindhi, Balochi, Pathan, Punjabi identities?
Re: Two Nations' Theory & Fall of Dhaka?
Only two countries in this world were built based on religion , one is still intact and even expanded by encroachment and the other lost half of it.
What does that tell you , religion can be a binding force for one nation and not so binding for other.
Re: Two Nations' Theory & Fall of Dhaka?
people do identify themselves more with ethnicity and geography than religion......
Re: Two Nations' Theory & Fall of Dhaka?
The original question is misleading. The fact remains that the the Awami League did not seek to undo the two-nation theory after gaining power, thereby endorsing it.
The core of the Two-Nation theory was that religion set the communities apart and thus they should not be united in a single country. That is still in effect.
The conclusions since 1971 validate that religion is still a cause for separation of nations, but also show that religion is in itself not enough to hold a nation together.
Thus, religion separates one nation from another, but is in turn insufficient to hold a nation together.
Re: Two Nations' Theory & Fall of Dhaka?
as a indian i can say majority of us have no problem with pakistan existance today.
but i don't agree with concept of hindus-muslims can't live together.with more then 150 million muslims living in india is alone solid proof.
yes there are stereotypes where doesn't it exist,forget religion it happens within same religion between defferent caste,when people within the same religion having this issues, then there will be issues with complete defferent ideology.
but at end of the day can i say here in india people are more concern about livelihood,everyone has to earn their bread.i can't say will not go to school because teacher is a hindu or in a IT my team leader is a muslim so i will quit the job.
Re: Two Nations' Theory & Fall of Dhaka?
The 'two nation theory' was based on the well being of all south Indian muslims.
However, 'theory' proved different than 'reality'.
I would say in the light of having the knowledge which we have today, 'united India' would have been much more stronger, prospereous and happy country.
*(No wastage of resources fighting each other, pulling down each other, meddling in each other's affairs and creating hate and distrust between religions.
there would have been no terrorism problem.
However, I am sure, some disturbances between Hindus and Muslims would have continued.
However United India would have a much more strength in Muslim numbers and as a voting block. We would have seen India ruled by Muslim majority parties every now and then, instead of the usual hindu dominated Congress & BJP parties)
*
Re: Two Nations' Theory & Fall of Dhaka?
In a united India - the Muslims would have been about 40% of the population. If they had played their cards well, they could have got the support of the disadvantaged 'lower castes' and even the Sikhs.
Another thing - due to a higher birth rate within Muslims, India would be close to being a Muslim majority country, now.
Re: Two Nations' Theory & Fall of Dhaka?
The two nation theory is still standing, as we have an independent muslim Bangladesh. Bangladesh shouldnt have been included within pakistan in the first place as there was no land route and separated by thousands of miles.
Re: Two Nations' Theory & Fall of Dhaka?
The two nation theory is still standing, as we have an independent muslim Bangladesh. Bangladesh shouldnt have been included within pakistan in the first place as there was no land route and separated by thousands of miles.
Agree Ali, but what do you think, how people of Bengal now think about us. Don't they are more nearer to India than us?
If two nations theory is still standing, why we have new slogans for a new division based on ethnicity in Pakistan?
Re: Two Nations' Theory & Fall of Dhaka?
They are an independent country and can have diplomatic relations with anyone they want. They could have joined India if they wanted to but they didn't. As far as Pakistan is concerned if the government had treated all people equally there wouldn't have been any problems. Problems start arising when the economy is bad and a war like situation in the country for 10 years, how should the people who have been affected by the war feel for Pakistan? I feel that Pakistani politicians and military push the other ethnicities away with their policies.
Re: Two Nations' Theory & Fall of Dhaka?
Religion is one of the constituents of human identity, nation,region,ethnicity, language, religion and plenty of other factors makes entire identity of an individual, at one particular time especially crisis, one of them gain importance, at the time of independence it was Islam and in 1971 it was ethnicity and linguistic part of the community. Politics depends on other various factor that contribute to strengthening of one particular factor of the identity. Two nation theory was neither wrong nor right, it was relevant at that time later it lost its relevance and at present it is more or less useless:)
Re: Two Nations' Theory & Fall of Dhaka?
They are an independent country and can have diplomatic relations with anyone they want. They could have joined India if they wanted to but they didn't. As far as Pakistan is concerned if the government had treated all people equally there wouldn't have been any problems. Problems start arising when the economy is bad and a war like situation in the country for 10 years, how should the people who have been affected by the war feel for Pakistan? I feel that Pakistani politicians and military push the other ethnicities away with their policies.
Religion is one of the constituents of human identity, nation,region,ethnicity, language, religion and plenty of other factors makes entire identity of an individual, at one particular time especially crisis, one of them gain importance, at the time of independence it was Islam and in 1971 it was ethnicity and linguistic part of the community. Politics depends on other various factor that contribute to strengthening of one particular factor of the identity. Two nation theory was neither wrong nor right, it was relevant at that time later it lost its relevance and at present it is more or less useless:)
Yes, if we read history about the period just after partition, we found that the binding force of two nations theory started loosing its impact. people soon started showing their affiliation with their language and culture rather than just sticking to religious ideology.
The slogan of 'Pakistan ka Matlab kia, La ilaha Illallah' were replaced by new slogans of Division.
Exploitation by Government and Army did played its role, but our society as a whole forgot that centuries old traditions which remain intact even centuries after conversion to Islam, were as important to Bengalis and other communities, as religious ideology, while demanding a separate country.
Re: Two Nations' Theory & Fall of Dhaka?
Demand of sepration come on the basis of any ideology but secession is not possible unless external force is applied. India had its fair share in making this happen. Bengalis fought with their own non-muslim bengalis in calcutta on direct action day, 16 Aug 1946, Infact bengalis were in forefront of two nation theory apart from Hindustani muslims, Muslim league had government only in Bengal in 1936. Later after formation of pakistan, two wings were too much apart, secondly Bengalis were feeling they are being marginalized by Punjabis. the basic problem was the centre-state relation, though not very excellent in India were generally below par in pakisatan
Re: Two Nations' Theory & Fall of Dhaka?
Probably India is at par due to the reason that Indian Governments always knew the importance of emotional attachment of different communities towards their culture and languages, but in Pakistan the leadership failed to realise that from early days.
Re: Two Nations' Theory & Fall of Dhaka?
Probably India is at par due to the reason that Indian Governments always knew the importance of emotional attachment of different communities towards their culture and languages, but in Pakistan the leadership failed to realise that from early days.
The early death of Jinnah was another reason, he died little too early, on the contrary the Nehru lived for the long time till 1962 war, thereby consolidating the idea of India and even had impacted early phase of economy called Nehruvian economy which was against liberalization. Loss of Jinnah proved decisive for pakistan
Re: Two Nations' Theory & Fall of Dhaka?
Mr Jinnah's death was a big big loss for the new nation :(, but it is believed that the discrimination with Bengali and their language started during Mr Jinnah's life.
Re: Two Nations' Theory & Fall of Dhaka?
^I read about the same thing, that Urdu was enforced on Bengali people as the national language, because the govt wanted the whole country to speak one language.
Re: Two Nations' Theory & Fall of Dhaka?
^I read about the same thing, that Urdu was enforced on Bengali people as the national language, because the govt wanted the whole country to speak one language.
But it was not a justified move. As we say today, religion is a personal matter, we should also accept that language is also personal and touchy matter. When you say 'mother tongue' for your language, it says all about your attachment to the language your ancestors speak.
Re: Two Nations' Theory & Fall of Dhaka?
Mr Jinnah's death was a big big loss for the new nation :(, but it is believed that the discrimination with Bengali and their language started during Mr Jinnah's life.
and it is sad, people like MM Alam were Bengali, sometimes theories of discrimination is even cooked to suit political circumstances, Jinnah wouldn't have done so.
^I read about the same thing, that Urdu was enforced on Bengali people as the national language, because the govt wanted the whole country to speak one language.
even India had linguistic riots initially with south indians, punjabis etc opposed the resolution of Hindi as national language, hence India has hindi and english as official language. Bengali already had developed script, secondly Hindi is spoken by 40% of India, while Urdu is spoken by very less percentage of Pakistanis though understood by majority but it looks imported:)
Re: Two Nations' Theory & Fall of Dhaka?
Urdu is loved by everyone in Pakistan and don't find people disliking it as a language. The idea of making one language national at the cost of other regional languages created problems. Todate, we have text books in Sindhi, Balochi & Pashto and these languages are medium of learning for many people. I myself studied Science subjects (including Maths) till Metric in Sindhi :D