Re: Torture/waterboarding in the Grave Question.
^ There seems to be evidence of some breeding, but not en masse. Of course, it would be impossible for Homo Sapiens and Neanderthals to exist side by side and not breed *at all, *but it seems it was not very widespread.
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they were just a tribe of humans
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They are humans. All members of the *Homo *genus are humans, its just that Homo Sapiens are the only one left.
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sons and daughters of Adam and Eve that have since died out
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This may be the case. Also, it does not contradict Islam.
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it is quite frankly a joke ... how the genome of something so old can be reconstructed without error is beyond me
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This explains how it can be done:
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But they were able to identify some DNA from the original animal, and Paabo and his colleagues were able to determine how it broke down over time. They also developed procedures to prevent contamination by the DNA of humans working with the material.
"We are confident that it will be technically feasible to achieve a reliable Neanderthal genome sequence," Paabo and his researchers reported.
They said problem of damaged areas in some DNA could be overcome by using a sufficient amount of Neanderthal DNA from different individuals, so the whole genome can be determined.
"The contamination and degradation of DNA has been a serious issue for the last 10 years," observed Erik Trinkaus, a professor at Washington University in St. Louis. "This is a serious attempt to deal with that issue and that's welcome."
"I'm not sure they have completely solved the problem, but they've made a big step in that direction," said Trinkaus, who was not involved in the research.
Anthropologist Richard Potts of the Smithsonian's National Museum of Natural History, called the work "a very significant technical study of DNA decay."
The researchers "have tried to answer important questions about the potential to sequence ancient DNA," said Potts, who was not part of the research.**
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This was in 2007 and they were still working on it. Come 2011 and they succeeded.
BTW, brother Psyah, what evidence about when Hazrat Adam lived? I mean, he could have lived a 100,000 years ago for all we know. That will do away with a lot of discrepancies, among them the role of other human "species" like Neanderthal and Cro Magnon.