Today is yom-a-defa, Defence day Sept. 6th

Today we must honor our Shaheeds who gave their lives so that we can live in peace. I would like to start with the following:-

A stirring tale of valour by Squadron Leader S. M. Atif Zia

In the heat of 1965 war the entire nation could see hundreds of PAF eagles, engaged in the battles of Sargodha, Lahore and Chewanda, and listened to their ongoing stories of valour, as they struck the enemy airfields to thwart off any threat in the western theatre. However, there was non who could see a distant war in which hardly a dozen of selected Hawks, who were entrusted to guard the entire eastern front by themselves and were to give a massive blow to the enemy, before whittling down to ineffectiveness, far beyond the point at which they were expected. The encounter in which these hero’s fought, placed PAF in the very high ranks of the world air forces. One of such events was the battle for Dhaka, in which No. 14 squadron, comprising of almost a dozen aircraft in total and same number of pilots who proved heavy on almost 100 enemy aircraft; including 01 Canberra squadron, 01 Hunter squadron 01 Mystere squadron, 01 vampire or so called Ouragon squadron, and a number of miscellaneous aircraft. In close proximity of this airfield were Baghdogra Base, which had at that time 2 Vampire squadrons and besides that there was 1 Hunter squadron each at the Tezpur and Chabwa bases.
On 6th Sep, 1965, the Dhaka based Pilots were at standby from 0430 hrs, when 6 aircraft were ordered to be ready for an immediate strike. But due to the 1 hrs difference of time between Dhaka and the Western theatre the strike on 6th dusk was re-planned on 7th. Despite the efforts, to avoid any escalation of the hostilities by the government in the west, in the eastern front the Indian Air Force’ Canberras penetrated from Kalaikunda into East Pakistan airspace as far as Dhaka on the night of 6/7th, and dropped bombs at random without much effect, damage or casualties on the ground. On the morning of 7th September the Indians launched a Pre-dawn offensive with widespread attacks against several targets in the East Pakistan - the airfields at Chittagong, Jessore, Lalmunirhat, Shibganj, Thakurgoan and Kurmitola, as well as Pak Army Headquarters at Rangpur. Indian Air Force, unable to find the Dhaka airfield in the low clouds and natural cover which the country was God gifted in the shape of Forestation, Instead struck Kurmitola, an abandoned airfield having the PAF’s Sector Operations Centre, the only casualties were Sergeant A R Chaudhry, and a child. In response the PAF Sabres did take off at 0537 hrs, but gave up the chase, as those aircraft were too fast for them.
These group of no ordinary people whose personalities possessed an added stuff; a quality, which was undefined or was never named. And what this ineffable quality was Well, it obviously involved bravery, but bravery not in the simple sense of being willing to risk the life. The idea behind seemed that a man should have the ability to go up in this piece of machinery, put this machine on the battle front and have the experience to pull it back and forth, and to go up again the very next day. They did not have to wait long for that day, as Kurmitola Base was still under attack when this strike element started up, in anticipation of clearance from the HQ for counter offensive action. At last at 0635 hrs the mission took off for Kalaikunda. It consisted of 5 aircraft with Squadron Leader Shabbir H Syed, the squadron Commander, in the lead. The other members were Flight Lieutenant Baseer Khan, Flight Lieutenant Tariq Habib Khan, Flying Officer Afzal Khan and Flight Lieutenant Abdul Haleem. The great moment arrived when the leader heard four confident calls of Contact with the Target. As the formation pulled up for the attack, they were rewarded with the sight of Canberra’s and Hunters Iying mostly on the airfield, as, if, the enemy probably never expected them or could have never imagined this small group of pilots to react with such swiftness and audacity. The enemy also never imagined that as these outraged hawks exited, they would pay such a disrespect to the Indian Air Force, by putting the entire Base and total of ten aircraft ablazed. Although, the Hawks landed back on 0744 hrs at their base, but not contended. Another strike was sent, but the decision was later considered imprudent, as, by then the remaining Indian Bombers were removed from the Tarmac into the protected dispersal’s presumably on the principle of better late then never.
Although the second strike had not delivered its load on to the target, still the formation had shot down 4 to 6 aircraft in the encounter as the complete formation had engaged against an enemy far more in number, having lost one aircraft, out of total two aircraft lost in the Eastern Theatre. The total loss to the enemy on that single day was 14 to 16 aircraft. In the second encounter the leader of the second pair Flight Lieutenant Tariq Habib, disengaged from three Hunters and maneuvered his dis-configured aircraft at treetop level back to the Base. For his courage and skill in fighting his way clear of the larger and better equipped enemy force, Tariq Habib was awarded a well-deserved Sitara-e-Juraat. After these missions, 14 squadron earned the nickname of ‘Tail Choppers’, alluding to the swath of bullets they used to cut the tails of Indian Air Force’s neatly lined up Canberra’s. It is said that in the West the PAF had cut off the head of the Indian Air Force, and in their two sorties on 7th, September, the pilots of 14 squadron did equally good job with the Tail of Indian Air Force. These missions were to be the last strike actions by the audacious 14 squadron. It was considered wiser at this stage to conserve their depleting resources, specially as the enemy had been sufficiently neutralized for the time being to assure the safety of the East Pakistan. A token air defence vigil was maintained, but the ‘ Tail Choppers’ had done their job well, and the enemy never showed his face again on that front as long as the war lasted.
The 14 Squadron’s offensive on 7th September was a crucial blow to the Indian Air Force morale, as it did it in conjunction with the decisive success of air operations around Sargodha in the West. The Indian Air Force continued even in this limited field to suffer from an excess of caution, and never seriously challenged the PAF for supremacy of the skies over the vital areas of the land battle. The PAF, in spite of its serious limitations, has proved to be the sheet anchor of Pakistan’s defence and has displayed its mettle in times of aggression against its sacred frontiers. All the wars that have been fought by Pakistan, our prays worthy sons of soil went on mission’s - never to return. For them we have all the praise, admiration and prayers. They went forth and laid down their lives willingly for the greater glory of the nation. They showed us the way to dare, to defy and to die in honour for the glory of their country.
http://www.nation.com.pk/spedition/2001/06sep/supp.htm

And now some eye witness accounts from global reporters.

During 1965 war, India’s General Chaudri ordered his troops to march on Sialkot and Lahore - jauntily inviting his officers to join him for drinks that evening in lahore Gymkhana. He didn;t reckon on the Pakistani troops.
“The first Indian regiment that found itself face to face with pakistanis didn’t get clobbered,” said a report in Washington DC, America. “They just turned and ran, leving all of their equipment, artillery supplies and even extra clothing and supplies behind”.

I have been a journalist now for twenty years, 'reported American Broadcasting Corporation’s Roy Maloni, "and want to go on record that I have never seen a more confident and victoroius group of soldiers than thosefighting for Pakistan, right now.

“India is claiming all-out victory. I have not been able to find any trace of it. All I can see are troops, tanks and other war material rolling in a steady towards the front … These muslims of pakistan are natural fighters and they ask for no quater and they give none. n any war, such as the one going on between India and Pakistan right now, the propoganda claims on either side are likely to be startling. But if I have to take bet today, my money would be on the Pakistan side.”

The London Daily Mirror reported: "There is a smell of death in the burning Pakistan sun. For it was here that India’s attacking forces came to a dead stop.

“During the night they threw in every reinforcement they could find. But wave after wave of attacks were repulsed by the Pakistani troops.”

“India”, said the London Daily Times, “is being soundly beaten by a nation which is outnumbered by four and a half to one in population and three to one in size of armed forces.”

In Times reporter Louis Karrar wrote: “Who can defeat a nation which knows how to play hide and seek with death”.

"… I will never forget the smile full of nerve the conducting army officers gave me. this smile told me how fearless and brave are the Pakistani young men.

"Playing with fire to these men – from the jawan to the general Officer Commanding – was like children playing with marbles in the streets.

"I asked the GOC, how is it that despite a small number you are overpowering the Indians?

he looked at me, smiled and said: “if courage, bravery and patriotism were purchaseable commodities, then India have got them along with American aid.”

“Pakistan has been able to gain complete command of the air by literally knocking the Indian planes out of the skies, if they had not already run away.”

“Indian pilots are inferior to Pakistan’s pilots and Indian officers’ leadership has been generally deplorable. India is being soundly beaten by a nation which is outnumbered by a four and a half to one in population and three to one three to one in size of armed forces.”

Sunday Times,
London,
September 19, 1965.

“Pakistan’s success in the air means that she has been able to redeploy her relatively small army – professionally among the best in Asia – with impunity, plugging gaps in the long front in the face of each Indian thrust.”

“By all accounts the courage displayed by the Pakistan Air Force pilots is reminiscent of the bravery of the few young and dedicated pilots who saved this country from Nazi invaders in the critical Battle of Britain during the last war.”

Patrick Seale,
The Observer, London,
September 12, 1965.

“India is claiming all out victory. I have not been able to find any trace of it. All I can see are troops, tanks and other war material rolling in a steady stream towards the front.”

“If the Indian Air Force is so victorious, why has it not tried to halt this flow?. The answer is that it has been knocked from the skies by Pakistani planes.”

“These muslims of Pakistan are natural fighters and they ask for no quarter and they give none. In any war, such as the one going on between India and Pakistan right now, the propoganda claims on either side are likely to be startling. But if I have to take bet today, my money would be on the Pakistan side.”

“Pakistan claims to have destroyed something like 1/3rd the Indian Air Force, and foreign observers, who are in a position to know say that Pakistani pilots have claimed even higher kills than this; but the Pakistani Air Force are being scrupulously honest in evaluating these claims. They are crediting Pakistan Air Force only those killings that can be checked from other sources.”

Roy Meloni,
American Broadcasting Corporation
September 15, 1965.

“One thing I am convinced of is that Pakistan morally and even physically won the air battle against immense odds.”

“Although the Air Force gladly gives most credit to the Army, this is perhaps over-generous. India with roughly five times greater air-power, expected an easy air-superiority. Her total failure to attain it may be seen retrospectively as a vital, possibly the most vital, of the whole conflict.”

“Nur Khan is an alert, incisive man of 41, who seems even less. For six years he was on secondment and responsible for running Pakistan’s civil air-line, which, in a country where ‘now’ means sometime and ‘sometime’ means never, is a model of efficiency. he talks without the jargon of a press relations officer. He does not quibble abobut figures. Immediately one has confidence in what he says.”

“His estimates, proffered diffidently but with as much photographic evidence as possible, speak for themselves. Indian and Pakistani losses, he thinks, are in something like the ration of ten to one.”

"Yet, the quality of equipment, Nur insists, is less important than flying ability and determination. the Indians have no sense of purpose. The Pakistanis were defending their own country and willingly taking greater risks. ‘The average bomber crews flew 15 to 20 sorties. My difficulty was restraining them, not pushing them on.’ "

“This is more than nationalistic pride. Talk to the pilots themselves and you get the same intense story.”

Peter Preston,
The Guardian, London
September 24, 1965.

“One point particularly noted by military observers is that in their frist advances the Indians did not use air power effectively to support their troops. by contrast, the Pakistanis, with sophisticated timing, swooped in on Ambala airfield and destroyed some 25 Indian planes just after they had landed and were sitting on the ground out of fuel and powerless to escape (NOTE: PAF has not claimed any IAF aircraft during it’s attacks on Ambala due to non-availability of concrete evidence of damage in night bombing.)”

“By the end of the week, in fact, it was clear that the Pakistanis were more than holding their own.”

Everett G. Martin,
General Editor, Newsweek
September 20, 1965.

“India’s barbarity is mounting in fury as the Indian army and Air Force, severely mauled, are showing signs of demoralisation. The huge losses suffered by the Indian Armed Forces during the last 12 days of fighting could not be kept from the Indian public and in retaliation, the Indian armed forces are indulging in the most barbaric methods.”

“The Chief of Indian Air Force could no longer ensure the safety of Indian air space. A well known Indian journalist, Mr Frank Moraes, in a talk from All-india radio, also admitted that IAF had suffered severe losses and it was no use hiding the fact and India should be prepared for more losses…”

Indonesian Herald
September 11, 1965.

[This message has been edited by Abdali (edited September 06, 2001).]

1965, The story of Rann of Kutch how it was wrestled from Indians:-

A trial of strength by Lt.-Gen. (Retd) Kamal Matinuddin

The Rann of Kutch situated in the southeast of Pakistan is an inland sea. However most of the upper part dries up in the summer months. During this period all kinds of vehicles can move across. The northern part of the Rann is bordered by the great Thar desert and the ancient coast line forms the divide between the Rann and the desert.
The Thar desert is comprised of extensive longitudinal dunes which are 3 to 15 kilometers long and have a relief of 20 to 100 meters. No roads existed in 1965 but four wheeled vehicles could move, with some difficulty, along the camel and cart tracks which intersected each other in the wide open spaces. Small inhabited areas dotted the area. The larger ones being Chachro, Mithi, lslamkot, and Diplo.
The Rann of Kutch had been the subject of dispute between the Kutch State and the province of Sindh even before the partition of India. In 1948 Pakistan laid claim to this area. The Indian government did not accept the claim saying that since the Kutch state had acceded to India the whole of the Rann of Kutch was part of India. They only dispute was the demarcation of the boundary of 1914. Pakistan claimed the area north of the 24th parallel and some area south of it basing it on the Thalweg principle, according to which the centre of the water channel or sea is considered to be the boundary between two states adjoining the water in between.
In 1951 the Sindh Police Rangers established a few posts along the southern edge of the Pakistani side of the Rann. A track about 16 kilometers south of the custom post began to be used for patrolling by them. A year later the Indians begin encroaching and claimed Chad Bet north of the 24th parallel as lying in their territory. They, however, withdrew their security elements soon thereafter. On 24th February, 1956 a company of the Indian Reserve Police occupied Chad Bet again. They also started establishing posts at Sardar, Vigokot, Biar Bet and Karim Shahi all north of 24th parallel hence within what Pakistan considered to be it’s territory.
This time Islamabad complained to New Delhi that their border security forces had over run the Pakistani post at Chad Bet but the Indians took no notice of the complaint. In October 1960 it was decided that the facts of the dispute be further examined and till then neither party should disturb the status quo. Mr Swaran Singh speaking at the Lok Sabha in March 1965 accepted that the Rann of Kutch was a disputed territory as the area had not been demarcated.
For nine years Pakistan had controlled the northern half of the Rann and maintained a strong police post at Chad Bet. So when the Indian patrols started probing forward and occupied Mara, Rahim ki Bazar, Ding, Kanjarkot and Surai all north of the 24th parallel 51 Brigade was given orders not to allow violation of own territory by the Indians. With the regular army now in support the Indus Rangers reoccupied Kanjarkot.
During the course of patrolling the border, the Desert Rangers, in March, 1965 found that the Indians had established two posts on the Pakistani side of the border. On being asked to demolish the newly constructed posts the Indians claimed that they were on Indian territory hence they will stay put. Negotiations on the exact demarcation line did not bear any fruit.
Using the excuse of tn-service (Arrow Head) the Indians brought in 31 and 67 Infantry Brigades in area Karim Shahi - Kavda. The IAF and the Indian aircraft carrier Vikrant, supported by other naval vessels, also moved into the Gulf. On 8/9 April the Indians attacked the Pakistan post at Ding without any provocation. Pakistani Rangers acted to repel the aggression.
The Pakistani Government then decided to use force to evict the Indian para military troops from Sardar Post and Bianbet. General Musa is reported to have stated “the Indians cannot challenge the Pakistan army and get away with it”. Major General Tikka Khan, Officer Commanding 8 Division, received a warning order on 3 March to be ready for a military action in the Rann of Kutch.
8 Division consisted of four infantry brigades. 6 Brigade was under the command of Brigadier Iftikhar Janjua; 21 Brigade was commanded by Brigadier Qazi Wahid; 51 Brigade operated under Brigadier K M Azhar and Brigadier S M lsmail was in~ command of 52 Brigade.
The Indians were occupying Sardar post by two companies of the Central Reserve Police, armed and equipped on the same lines as a regular army unit. The total strength of the enemy was approximately that of a battalion,. With the rest of 31 and 67 Indian infantry brigades closely behind. Indian 50 para Brigade was also in the vicinity around Daramsala.
The task of eliminating Sardar Post was given to 51 Brigade. The brigade was supported by 14 Field Regiment and 83 Mortar Battery. Brigadier Azher concentrated his three battalions at Rahim Ki Bazar except for one company of 18 Punjab Regiment which was at Vingi.
The attack commenced at 0200 hours on 9 April with 18 Punjab and 8 Frontier Force Regiments in the lead. Both succeeded in capturing part of their objective after suffering quite a few casualties. Unfortunately the troops had lost their direction and had not quite reached Sardar Post. 6 Baloch was then pushed in but the attack was called off as further progress was becoming quite expensive.
6 Brigade which had been moved down from Quetta earlier now joined the attack. Aggressive patrolling continued. On 23 April Brigadier lftikhar Janjua, known for his boldness and one who inspired confidence among his men by being well up in front during the heat of the battle, ordered 4 Punjab to capture point 84 by first light 24 April. 15 Punjab was to carry out diversionary activity around Chad Bet. Since the progress of 6 Punjab was slow 2 Frontier Force was directed to join them. By first light the battalion reached it’s objective without suffering too many casualties. 2 Frontier Force later attacked Biar Bet along with a squadron of 12 Cavalry. Biar Bet was captured by 0600 hours 26 April.
The task of evicting the enemy from Pakistan territory was achieved. Speaking at the United Nations on 28 April the then foreign minister, Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto, informed the members that on 18 April, when it became clear that India planned to occupy the entire Rann of Kutch, Pakistan’s forces acted in self-defence and restored the situation.
By the end of April all was quiet on the Rann of Kutch from with 6 Brigade and 51 Brigade safely deployed at border and with 52 Brigade in the rear in Jatrai, Pakistan is in firm control of it’s territory.
In the meantime, negotiations for a ceasefire in the Rann had begun. India at first rejected the Pakistani proposal but later agreed to withdrawal of forces from the area.
At the Commonwealth Conference held in London in June, 1965 both governments accepted the request of the British Prime Minister, Harold Wilson, to stop the fighting. The ceasefire agreement was formally signed on 30 June and the issue was referred to an independent 3-man Tribunal headed by a nominee of the United Nations. Pakistan was represented by the Iranian Prime Minister, Nasarollah lntezam and India by Ales Bebler judge of the constitutional court of Yugoslavia. The decision of the Tribunal was to be binding on both parties.
The trial of strength in the Rann between the two adversaries in April, 1965 showed that given the right environment and an aggressive leadership the Pakistan Army is quite capable of repelling any aggression from across it’s eastern border even against numerically superior forces. http://www.nation.com.pk/spedition/2001/06sep/supp.htm

I salute the brave men of Pakistans defence forces

http://www3.pak.org/gupshup/smilies/soldier.gif