The US and the Iraqi Kurds - "The most cruel betrayal in our history"

Betrayel, after betrayel, after betrayel that has left thousands of Kurds of dead at the hands of Saddam, after they helped the USA on previous occasions, or were promised help by the US.

No wonder the Kurds don’t particularly trust the US actions in Iraq today

http://www.washingtoninstitute.org/media/rubin/rubin-kurdistan.htm

…But right now the Kurds aren’t keen to put their resources at America’s disposal. In April, Barzani and Talabani refused permission for the CIA to renew a permanent American presence in the region. Efforts by American diplomats to convince the two Kurdish leaders to jointly sign a public document outlining a joint vision for a federal Iraq have come to naught. In February both KDP and PUK refused to allow an Iraqi National Congress (INC) radio transmitter on their territory, even though both parties are members of the INC. That same month Barzani declared to The Wall Street Journal, “We will not be party to any project that will endanger what we have achieved.” While most Iraqi Kurds despise Saddam as a mass murderer and would like nothing more than to see him deposed, they don’t want to provoke him without guarantees that Washington is serious. And based on past U.S. behavior, they aren’t convinced that if they rise up once again, Washington will finish the job.

The leaders of the Iraqi Kurds have long memories compounded by a sometimes self-defeating obsession with foreign betrayal. “How can we trust the United States?” Barzani asked me rhetorically in an interview last spring. “You only care about your own interests, not ours.” He illustrated his contention with a narrative of U.S. abandonment centered around three key incidents. The first occurred in 1975 when Henry Kissinger brokered the Algiers agreement, suspending (temporarily, it turned out) the then-low-grade conflict between Iran and Iraq (full-scale war erupted five years later). As part of the deal, Kissinger effectively pulled the rug out from beneath the Iranian-supported Kurdish rebellion in Iraq, forcing tens of thousands of Iraqi Kurds into Iranian refugee camps. In a January 2000 interview, Deputy Kurdish Prime Minister Sami Abdul Rahman called Kissinger’s actions “the most cruel betrayal in our history – which is full of betrayals.”

The second American betrayal came in 1987 and 1988, after up to 182,000 Kurds died in an ethnic-cleansing campaign that began when the Iraqi government bulldozed more than 4,000 of the 4,650 Kurdish villages in northern Iraq and culminated in Saddam’s use of chemical weapons against civilian Kurds. While Saddam carried out the infamous Halabja attack allegedly in retaliation for Kurdish militia support for Iranian forces, most of the villages attacked and destroyed were civilian and far from the Iranian frontier. But in order not to antagonize Saddam, whom the United States was then seeking to engage, the United States denied knowledge of the ethnic cleansing. Three years later a map noting each destroyed village – compiled using American satellite intelligence, printed by the Pentagon’s Defense Mapping Agency, and declassified for use by U.S. troops at the start of the Gulf war – proved America’s duplicity.

Finally, the Kurds hold the United States largely responsible for the failure of their post-Gulf war uprising one decade ago. On February 15, 1991, President George H.W. Bush called on “the Iraqi military and the Iraqi people to take matters into their own hands, to force Saddam Hussein, the dictator, to step aside.” And the Kurds, along with antigovernment Shia in Iraq’s South, dutifully rose up – only to have the U.S. military withhold air cover and let them be crushed. Many Kurds believe that the United States was not simply feckless, but that it wanted the rebellions defeated. “If the U.S. wanted us to oust Saddam, we could have,” Mam Rustam, a PUK commander, explained. “But instead the Americans released the Republican Guard POWs, just in time for them to rearm, remobilize, and attack us.”

The first occurred in 1975 when Henry Kissinger brokered the Algiers agreement, suspending (temporarily, it turned out) the then-low-grade conflict between Iran and Iraq (full-scale war erupted five years later). As part of the deal, Kissinger effectively pulled the rug out from beneath the Iranian-supported Kurdish rebellion in Iraq, forcing tens of thousands of Iraqi Kurds into Iranian refugee camps. In a January 2000 interview, Deputy Kurdish Prime Minister Sami Abdul Rahman called Kissinger's actions "the most cruel betrayal in our history - which is full of betrayals."

That's pretty shocking, Malik. So once again the Kurds are deemed necessary in the invasion against Iraq - and true to their historical treatment (1924, 1975, 1991, and ongoing), they will be conveniently discarded. It's funny how many tears are shed for the poor, defenceless Kurds only at opportune moments. Never will any country tolerate an independent Kurdistan ruled by a nationalist government.

Is it any wonder that there is a Kurdish saying - "We have no friends but the mountains". With "allies" like the US, no need for enemies.

It’s true that Kurds have been betrayed by the western (European) powers ever since they were promised a national homeland in the Treaty of Severes in 1920. But long after the Europeans left the region, and from the 1970’s onwards the (Iraqi) Kurds have been used as a pawn by the United States particularly in its policies towards Iraq and Iran. In fact thojusands of Kurds have lost their lives at the hands of Saddam Hussein, due to these American machinations. The following backs up what I posted earlier:-

http://www.merip.org/pins/pin104.html

LEGACY OF MISTRUST

But it is the position of Kurdish territory – as a launching pad for a southward offensive – and Kurdish fighters that make the Kurds worth courting in the eyes of the Bush administration. The 60,000-plus Kurdish volunteers currently under arms carry only light weapons, but with proper weaponry and US air cover, they would be formidable. Morale is high, the commanders say, fueled by memories of the Anfal campaign and other oppression from the Iraqi regime. Kurds and Turkoman recently forced out of Iraqi government-controlled areas by the ongoing “Arabization” campaign are likely to be stalwart supporters of an offensive led by the PUK and KDP. Currently the Kurdish fighters are drawn from two groups: young recruits aged 17-25 who are organized like a regular army, and the older peshmerga (guerilla fighters) who have years of experience fighting the central government. The peshmerga, whom Kurdish leaders say are the most reliable, constitute the bulk of the army. Commanders project that they could increase the size of the army to 200,000 in a short time.

But they remain wary of the seriousness of the war rhetoric emanating from Washington. The Kurds want US and international guarantees that, if they join the war, they will not be left to face the regime’s wrath as they have so many times before. ***In 1975, a US-backed covert operation orchestrated by Iran against Iraq suddenly collapsed when Iran and Iraq reached an agreement. Thousands of Kurdish fighters were killed by the Iraqi government when Iran closed the border. Despite desperate Kurdish pleas, the US refused to intercede, prompting Henry Kissinger’s famously callous quote that “covert action should not be mistaken for missionary work.”

At the end of the 1990-1991 Gulf war, the Kurds, like the Shia in the south, heeded the call of the first Bush administration and rose against the Ba’th government only to be cut down by the Republican Guards, supported by helicopter gunships, when the US sat on the sidelines***. Fearing chemical attacks, 1.5 million fled to the borders of Turkey and Iran. In 1995, the US backed out at the last minute from a planned “rolling coup” organized by the CIA through the INC. The coup attempt ended in a complete fiasco.

Would that mean that indirectly the US is responsible for the death and gassing of the kurds after the persian gulf war?

[QUOTE]
*Originally posted by CM: *
Would that mean that indirectly the US is responsible for the death and gassing of the kurds after the persian gulf war?
[/QUOTE]

According to the article I have posted above they were indirectly responsible or culpable for the killings of thousands of Kurds in 1975 by Iraq's army, after the US used and then abandoned the Kurds.

Many analysts believe that the Iraqi Kurds are very wary about supporting another war against Iraq, even prominent members of the KDF have suggested that they do not support the US line.

Iraqi Kurds back peaceful solution

ANKARA, Turkey, Oct. 25 (UPI) – A top Iraqi Kurd said Friday that his group had not discussed with Washington the issue of U.S. intervention in Iraq and did not see a reason for any action.

Nechirvan Barzani, a senior member of the Kurdistan Democratic Party, was in Ankara to mend ties with Turkey. He said he hopes the situation with Iraq could be solved peacefully.

“Whatever is necessary to assure Turkey’s national security concerns, we are ready to give,” said Nechirvan Barzani, who is the nephew of KDP’s chief Massoud Barzani.

Turkey has been angered by the latest developments in northern Iraq, which is controlled by two Kurdish factions – the KDP and Patriotic Union of Kurdistan. Ankara fears the Kurds will form their own independent state in the event of a U.S. attack on Iraq.

Did the US slaughter the Kurds ?? No - Iraq Did.
Did US close the Border for the Kurds ?? NO - Iran Did.
Can Iran & Iraq (or Arab World) look after their interests ? - Yes
Can US do the same - NO.

So much for hypocrisy & hate mongering - Tomorrow If one of you America Haters is to have constipation - you will blame America for that as well and not the kind of food you have been eating.

For simple reason that Kurds are not Arabs, they have been treated as dirt by the Arabs.

Kurds don’t want to see Saddam go because they are enjoying a pretty good autonomy (and protection from Saddam by the US). If some nationalist replaces Saddam, he might take that autonomy away from Kurds.

Isn’t it sad that the Arabs have never helped Kurds. I think it is because of the racist nature of Arabs.

[QUOTE]
*Originally posted by Asif_k: *
So much for hypocrisy & hate mongering - Tomorrow If one of you America Haters is to have constipation - you will blame America for that as well and not the kind of food you have been eating.
[/QUOTE]

For your info, when 1000's of Kurds were killed by the Iraqi army, the US was sitting idly on the sidelines, thereby totally ignoring the atrocities that were being comitted; another words they indirectly supported the actions of the Iraqis.. there is always far more to the facts than what one reads in the tabloids.

Mr Asif_k, its not a question of hate mongering, thats very ignorant of you making such comments !! Its about Peace and harmony amongst the worlds nations, respect for the UN, respect for International Law which millions of people deserve. Im sure the vast majority of nations dont want their relationship with the Americans to suffer, but in recent months they have realised that the USA has a 'birdbrain' as its president, who is far more interested in playing 'cowboy and Indians', than actually helping humanity.. this is why MILLIONS of people throughout the world including the French, the Chinese, the Russians, the Irish, the Mexicans.... and indeed many thousands of Americans strongly oppose the Bush doctrine which advocates war in Iraq.

[QUOTE]
*Originally posted by Dil he Pakistani: *
For your info, when 1000's of Kurds were killed by the Iraqi army, the US was sitting idly on the sidelines, thereby totally ignoring the atrocities that were comitted; another words they indirectly supported the actions of the Iraqis.. there is always far more to the facts than what one reads in the tabloids.
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Since US remained silent - it supported the action of Iraqis, Then so did so called Islamic World. What was Arab World doing then ? What did your Pakistan Govt do then ? What did OIC do ? Nothing. Aren't they all responsible - Indirectly ofcourse.

BTW - My question remains intact - DID AMERICA or AMERICANS KILL THE KURDS ???? NO - IRAQ and your BELOVED Saddam's Army did (Whom you love to defend so much). You can always blame America for your jammed back door.

[QUOTE]
Mr Asif_k, its not a question of hate mongering, thats very ignorant of you making such comments !! Its about Peace and harmony amongst the worlds nations, respect for the UN, respect for International Law which millions of people deserve.
[/QUOTE]

Since we are discussing Kurds problem, Please tell us when Did US violate any of UNITED NATIONS Policies on KURDS ?? Was US authorized by UN to act on behalf of KURDS ?? You are talking about International Law - Did you know - How many UN laws Iraq has violated ?? How many Kurds Saddam has killed ?

[QUOTE]
Im sure the vast majority of nations dont want their relationship with the Americans to suffer, but in recent months they have realised that the USA has a 'birdbrain' as its president, who is far more interested in playing 'cowboy and Indians', than actually helping humanity.. .
[/QUOTE]

So - Now you are supporting IRAQ. Dont try to divert the topic of Kurds to Bush's Iraq attack plan. I am no supporter of war on Iraq either. We are discussing KURDs' Problem and try to answer few straight questions :-

Did America or American Kill Kurds ??
Did America Violate any UN resolution on Kurds Problem ??
Did America close its border for Turks ??

[QUOTE]
*Originally posted by Asif_k: *
Did the US slaughter the Kurds ?? No - Iraq Did.
Did US close the Border for the Kurds ?? NO - Iran Did.
Can Iran & Iraq (or Arab World) look after their interests ? - Yes
Can US do the same - NO.
[/QUOTE]

During the 1980s the weapons that Iraq possessed fell down from the sky, i suppose. They appeared out of nowhere; it was not the US who supplied Iraq with biological weapons. It was not the US's Donald Rumsfeld who visited Iraq two times, both times to meet with Hussein and Tariq Aziz - bear in mind these meetings were during the mid-1980s when all of Hussein's gassing atrocities were going on. No, the US had absolutely no part whatsoever to play in Iraq's gassing of the Kurds; the US Senate Foreign Relations Committee did not ask for the US export of weapons to Iraq to be stopped. In 1988, when 5000 Kurds choked and died a slow, horrible death thanks to Sad-damn, it was the US, right, that became the first country to rise up in furious indignation and call for Hussein to be tried as a war criminal?

How do you equate Rumsfeld meeting with Aziz as US complexity in the gassing? Eisenhower met with Stalin, does that mean that US is also responsible for the deaths of russians in the gulags? I can guarantee you that the french also met with the Iraqi leadership during that time. Silly point!!!

oh, okay, my bad. i guess US selling biological and chemical weapons to Iraq (from a company based in Maryland) also bears no relation whatsoever to the US's complicity in the gassing of Halabja's Kurds.

Originally posted by Asif_k: *
**BTW - My question remains intact - DID AMERICA or AMERICANS KILL THE KURDS ???? NO - IRAQ and your BELOVED Saddam's Army did (Whom you love to defend so much). You can always blame America for your jammed back door.
*

Once again, Lol at your comments. I have NO sympathy for Sadam or his Government, my sympathies lie with the INNOCENT people of iraq including the Kurds who have suffered terribly for over 2 decades. Like it or not US policy has been a key factor in instigating regional conflicts within the gulf; the Kurds were another group who were utilised and discarded once they were considered no longer necessary. This almost certainly occured when they were left alone in their uprising against sadam when many thousands of them paid the ultimate price with their lives after the US abandoned them.

Originally posted by Asif_k: *
**Since we are discussing Kurds problem, Please tell us when Did US violate any of UNITED NATIONS Policies on KURDS ?? Was US authorized by UN to act on behalf of KURDS ?? You are talking about International Law - Did you know - How many UN laws Iraq has violated ?? How many Kurds Saddam has killed ?
*

Again you have FAILED to understand whats being discussed here, the KURD issue is very much related to what happens as regards to Iraq, the question of respecting International Law is important as the US has made it clear that they support supplying arms to kurdish guerilla groups so that an uprisng can occur against Sadam. In International Law this is called an act of AGGRESSION against a sovereign nation.

Originally posted by Asif_k: *
**So - Now you are supporting IRAQ. Dont try to divert the topic of Kurds to Bush's Iraq attack plan. I am no supporter of war on Iraq either. We are discussing KURDs' Problem and try to answer few straight questions :-
*

Its not a question of supporting Iraq, its a question for safeguarding Humanity, for preventing more children from dying from the US sponsored sanctions regime, from causing further bloodshed in a region DESPERATE for peace, for rebuilding the Hospitals, the schools and the Water treatment works which are essential to any modern society.

[QUOTE]
*Originally posted by Nadia_H: *
During the 1980s the weapons that Iraq possessed fell down from the sky, i suppose. They appeared out of nowhere; it was not the US who supplied Iraq with biological weapons. It was not the US's Donald Rumsfeld who visited Iraq two times, both times to meet with Hussein and Tariq Aziz - bear in mind these meetings were during the mid-1980s when all of Hussein's gassing atrocities were going on. No, the US had absolutely no part whatsoever to play in Iraq's gassing of the Kurds; the US Senate Foreign Relations Committee did not ask for the US export of weapons to Iraq to be stopped. In 1988, when 5000 Kurds choked and died a slow, horrible death thanks to Sad-damn, it was the US, right, that became the first country to rise up in furious indignation and call for Hussein to be tried as a war criminal?
[/QUOTE]

Oh I see - US shouldn't have asked for Saddam's trial. They should have recommended him for NOBEL peace prize. Your love for Saddam (and hate for US) knows no bounds. Did US also tell Saddam to Gas the Kurds ?? Today If a Country has bought WMDs from US and tomorrow If they use them against their own people what can US do about it and how does it make US more guilty then Iraq,Saddam and the Arab World ?? US has a right to look after its own interests. Lets assume for a moment that I run a gun store- A Customer comes to my store and buys a Gun and next day he kills his neighbour with the same gun he bought from my shop - Now Who are you Going to blame the Gun-Store owner or the Guy who bought the Gun and killed his neighbour. WIth your logic you will definately blame me the shop owner - But is that the truth ??

Asif_K,

i apologize, my tone in my last post to yourself was overly sarcastic and therefore not necessary. That was my fault. Sorry.

>>Your love for Saddam (and hate for US) knows no bounds.<<
Prior to making assumptions about each other, let's just discuss the facts please. i do not know your background, your personal life, and you do not know mine. i was born in the UAE, i lived there during the Gulf War; i remember the fear that gripped the country when Iraq invaded Kuwait under Hussein's orders. My father was making plans for us to go to Pakistan, where he would join us later if he was able to. My brother was less than seven months old when Iraq invaded Kuwait, and no stores were selling gas masks at that time for infants of his size. Do i love Saddamn? No, i don't. My obsession is that i go out of my way to distinguish between two different entities - a government and the people. Just because India has a rabidly fascist government, does not mean that all Indians are Muslim-haters. Far from it.

>>US has a right to look after its own interests.<<
Yes it does but at what expense? Please re-read Malik73's original post in this thread: The second American betrayal came in 1987 and 1988, after up to 182,000 Kurds died in an ethnic-cleansing campaign that began when the Iraqi government bulldozed more than 4,000 of the 4,650 Kurdish villages in northern Iraq and culminated in Saddam's use of chemical weapons against civilian Kurds. ...] *But in order not to antagonize Saddam, whom the United States was then seeking to engage, the United States denied knowledge of the ethnic cleansing.*
Certainly, any country may look after its own interests - but when those vested "interests" begin to act as an obstacle in the way of civilians and access to their universal rights, then that is a violation of international laws. No ifs, ands or buts about it. Everyone makes much of the plight of the poor Kurds. Fair enough. But where were these lofty proclamations during the 1980s? Where were they when Rumsfeld's plane touched down in Iraq?

Malik73 has started up several excellent threads regarding this issue; he has endorsed them with objective and reliable references. This is not propaganda or the product of jealous anti-American sentiments. If you have not already, i would suggest you go through those threads; they will give you an accurate impression of why charges of double-standards and hypocrisy are routinely levelled at the US - and not just by Muslims.