Re: Shahadat ( Martydom) in Indian religions?
In Hinduism, technically,violence is used as a last resort to resolution after all other means have failed. Examples in the Mahabharata, before the war which commenced, even Arjuna was brought down with doubts, attachment, sorrow, fear. That is when Lord Krishna instructs Arjuna how to carry out his duty as a righteous warrior and fight.
The concept of mother and motherland being more respectable than swarga was a part of Ramayana. Warriors who died in righteous battle were supposed to go to heaven directly since their sins were washed away with their blood. So brave soldiers sacrifices esp for their dharma and motherland are glorified. Don’t know if it is anyway similar to the concept of martyrs.