This term is related to the division of Islam into numerous sects and sub sects with the passage of time. Great people when they did say about anything has happened later. The Holy Prophet Hazrat Mohammad(S) had mentioned it before but the exact precaution was made by Hazrat Usman Ghani the third Caliph when in June, 656 A.D the rebels had surrounded to kill him. He climbed on the roof and told the rebels ‘Just make it clear to yourselves that if I was killed then upto the day of judgement you people will not be able to offer prayer in a mass gathering with each other’. Thus with the martyrdom of Hazrat Usman-R Islam started producing branches with the first branch of it naming Shian-e Ali to be the first break away part of the great religion naming others to be Sunnis. One of the historic fact of forming of the partition of Islam is that the Persians who did not use to like Arabs and used to call them the ‘Tazis’ did not use to like to be ruled by them so welcomed the new section just to oppose Arabs.
This division of Isam into two sects was a start. Each sect further had some differences within itself for to be resolved. These differences further aroused quarrels among the scholars and copying their ancestors they also subdivided their existing sects. Besides that three other factors also worked in subdividing the Islamic Ummah.
1. Political and selfish desires :- Some rulers and priests in order to gain power and land changed the simple Islamic teaching to a certain mysterious theology. Though they had been successful to some extent but these designs give birth to new sects which simple minded people follow by then for ever. Some of such examples are the Fatimids of Egypt, Hassan bin Sabah and the Akbar Badishah of India. The King Akbar though himself shun his new sect while others remain in practice.
2. Influence of other Religions and folks:- When Islam started spreading and influenced other religions and masses some habits of those having relations with Muslims had their effect on Islamic theology in their regions. In India worshipping shrines and praying with beating drum of the Barelvis are the examples of being influenced by Hindu religion while mysticism and maraqaba are the practices adopted by Budhism.
**3. Seeking Shortcuts:- Some people who could not follow the simple and regular practices of Islam invented some shortcuts to obtain the substitute form of praying and practices. Some people abstained themselves paying ‘zakat’ or yearly charity paid on a certain amount. Some have shortened prayers, some have shortened the number of prayers or the timings of prayers. Some also have started saying a few words worthy to remain aloof of prayers at all. Some declare that the love of Prophet Mohammad.Slm is all for them and he is the saviour so they will have need to do no more practice regarding religion. **
**1.All the sects of Islam have scholars also who know and recognise the facts of Islamic theology and also are aware of the basic principles of Islam. These people do remain in contact or have discussion to bring the faith to a single platform but the semi-educated and rude priests who claim to be the most learned are the hurdle in the way. **
**These people alongwith those having bound to their private interests are the root cause of the sectarianism. If an external enemy of Islam has to harm a muslim power it can easily contact such people which has often been done in history. If something horrible has to be done to a Muslim country the sect in minority or rented priests in the region have been often fully utilized for that. Now is the question that how to dealt with the sectarianism in the Muslim Ummah. Certain steps should be taken to stop the nation from being subdivided in the name of religion. **
1. To recommend a single syllabus for the religious school or at least to keep up the knowledge about what is being taught.
2. To let the Islamic preaching be done only by scholars. Islamic manners and concept of socialogy be taught besides teaching only prayers and concept.
3. Let not the homes and shrines of Sufis be the alternative of Mosques.
4. To have a control on the religious gatherings and to know about the theme they are converting to others. People remain years out of their homes in the name of preaching the religion and putting all their responsibilities of household or job on others which is totally against the basic principles of Islam.