Re: Sad state of Muslims today
Sorry if I appear impatient. I am a very bad teacher I must admit.
OK, as soon as you learn Taamah it will all be clear.
And the “no one exists” when used with Laysa means “no one exists in the state of being.” The one with La yakoonu ahad would mean he does not exist in the word. Therefore, the arabic dictionary defines laysa as كلمةٌ دالَّة على نفي الحال a word which shows the negation of Haal, i.e state of being.
Even in the sentence
**ليس في الدار أحد
**You need to realize that it actually means no one exists in the state of being (present) in the house. This is because in English we simply consider the prepositional phrase to act as the predicate but in Arabic the Grammarians say that their is a Hazaf (omiision) of the word Maujuud or Mustakar before the prepositional phrase which begins with fee.
So lets first take the above sentence without laysa and it would mean******في الدار أحد
******One (meaning someone since it is indefinite) is in the house (Propherly written in English as There is someone in the house)
Here in English we would consider the phrase in the house to be the prepositional phrase acting as the predicate.
But according to the Arabs in such phrases there is a Hazaf of مودود or مستقر which is actually the predicate and the Jaar wal Majruur is related to this predicate to specify the meaning.
Keeping this in mind when we add laysa to it it becomes
One (meaning no one because if not even one is present then that naturally means no one is) is (in the state of being) not present in the house
In English it would be properly translated as There is no one (present) in the house.
Keeping all this read up on the Laysa as Taamah where it only has a Faail and no Mafuul and the quote of Ibn Abbas (RA), Ibn Malik, and Mujahid will In sha Allah make sense. **
Here is another example from a Hadith in Muwatta Malik
وَإِذَا هَلَكَ الرَّجُلُ وَلَيْسَ مَعَهُ أَحَدٌ إِلاَّ نِسَاءٌ
**
And when a man dies (this is a clause beginning with izza and there is a verb with its Faail which simple to understand) and (note this part with laysa)** there is no one with him except females**..
Again no Khabar and the verb is only used with a Faail hence a Taamah usage. You can read the translation here in which it has been translated as when there are only women which is the equivalent to when no one is with him except females. Here is another example from Muwatta which is translated exactly as I do with there is no one**
وَلَيْسَ مَعَهُ أَحَدٌ غَيْرِي
There is no one with him except meAnd here is one from Sahih Muslim**](Sahih Muslim 2816e - Characteristics of the Day of Judgment, Paradise, and Hell - Sunnah.com - Sayings and Teachings of Prophet Muhammad (صلى الله عليه و سلم))**
لَيْسَ أَحَدٌ يُنْجِيهِ عَمَلُهُ
Here is another very good example from Sunnan Nasaai
إِنَّهُ لَيْسَ أَحَدٌ يُصَلِّي هَذِهِ الصَّلاَةَ غَيْرُكُمْ
There is no one (now the relative clause acting as an adjective for this Ahad) who is praying this prayer other than you.
**
There is no one (this following clause is a relative clause for no one and there is no allazi becuase in Arabic indefinite nouns do not take allazi instead the relative clause it attached directly as an adjective) whose deeds alone can’secure salvation for him
Here is an example with an indefinite noun](Jami` at-Tirmidhi 633 - The Book on Zakat - Sunnah.com - Sayings and Teachings of Prophet Muhammad (صلى الله عليه و سلم))
وَلَيْسَ عَلَى الْمُسْلِمِينَ جِزْيَةٌ
There is no Jaziyah on the Muslims
Note in this example again there is no Khabar as would be in the case of a Naaqisah usage such as
ليس الولد تاجرا
or
ليس الولد بتاجر
The boy is not a Taajir.
Finally, I would like to correct myself here and say that it is not proper to call Laysa, Laysa Taamah, but rather it is better to say Laysa which acts like the Kaana Taamah.
That last sentence should further clear up what is meant by this word when used in the negative.
Also do refer to page 99 Volume 2 of W.Wrights book for a detailed discussion of Kana Taamah. Since Laysa is used as its negative you need to first understand the Kana Taamah!