ليس أحد بعد النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم إلا يؤخذ من قوله ويترك إلا النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم صلى الله عليه وسلم
Here is a quick breakdown of one of the quotes above to help you in your verification process.
**ليس **
This is a verb of negation and is in its third person singular masculine form. Without an added subject it means He is not, He does not exist
أحد
This word is a noun which means someone or anyone and is indefinite in this case (does not have Alif Laam attached to it). It is the subject of the above verb and this is realized by assuming the vowel dammah on its last letter which is Daal. When used with a verb of negation it means no one.
**بعد **
This word means after and is a preposition known as a Harf in Arabic - particles which convey no meaning of their own unless they are attached to a verb or noun.
**النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم **
The word Al-Nabi means the Prophet and is the Majuur of the preposition before it and hence the last letter will take Kasra. Together with the preposition before it, it forms a prepositional phrase.
Hence, so far the sentence reads
There exists no one after the Prophet (PBUH)
إلا
This is a particle of exception. It introduces a clause introducing an exception, Istithna, to a previous negative clause. Hence, the sentence
There exists no one after the Prophet (PBUH) except
**يؤخذ من قوله ويترك **
This is the clause indicating the exception. It consists of a verb ( يؤخذ in the passive voice and in the present tense in the singular masculine form) followed by a preposition ( من from, or partitive of) which is forming a prepositional phrase with the noun ( قوله his saying - this being a Mudaaf and Mudaaf Ilahi) which follows it, meaning
a portion of or from his saying will be taken
the next two words include the conjunction ( و and ) and the verb (يترك to abandon) in the passive voice and in the masculine singular form meaning it will be rejected, the total phrase meaning
a portion of or from his saying will be taken and rejected
Finally, another clause introducing an exception follows which exempts the Prophet (PBUH) from this previous phrase and means
except the Prophet (PBUH)
The sentence meaning
There exists no one after the Prophet (PBUH), except a portion of (or from) his saying will be taken and rejected except for the Prophet (PBUH)
Finally, since one learns from others on a forum, please do put up what the scholars of الجرح والتعديل have said regarding the narrators in the chains I put up above.
If you need help with this here are some books on this topic which you can download
- Book by Ibn Hatim on scrutiny of chain of narrators](http://www.waqfeya.com/book.php?bid=3593)
- Many books on الجرح والتعديل
In case you need help with the words which are specific to this science, you can download the following dictionary specific for these terms
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العنوان : معجم ألفاظ الجرح والتعديل - مع تراجم موجزة لأئمّة الجرح والتعديل
المؤلف : عبد الماجد الغوري
تاريخ الطبع : الطبعة الأولى ،2007**](http://www.booksjadid.com/2012/07/blog-post_21.html)