Re: Question for all you "Americans"
MQ (my habibeti #2):
I'm not overly familiar with the Nanny Murder case but did some quick (and very minimal) reading to familiarize myself with what happened from a legal system perspective.
To my understanding, the following things happened:
1. She was indicted by a grand jury (i.e. charged with a crime) on a charge of 2nd degree murder.
2. She was tried by a jury and found guilty of 2nd degree murder.
3. After being convicted of 2nd degree murder by a jury, the judge threw out the 2nd degree murder conviction and entered a verdict finding her guilty of manslaughter.
4. The minimum sentence for the 2nd degree murder was, I think, 15 years.
5. By reducing the conviction to manslaughter, the sentence was reduced to time served (less than a year).
Without trying to get too technical, there is a concept in American law called "lesser included offense." Effectively, "lesser included offenses" are subsets of some other more major offense. If you are found guilty of the major offense, by definition, you would also be guilty of the lesser included offense. Manslaughter is a lesser included offense of 2nd degree murder. Stated differently, 2nd degree murder = manslaughter + a heightened state of intent to kill.
In the Nanny case, the Defense could have asked the judge to give the jury instructions that would have allowed the jury to find the Nanny guilty of manslaughter but not guilty of 2nd degree murder. However, the Defense didn't believe the jury would convict the Nanny of 2nd degree murder and therefore did not want the jury to have the opportunity to find her guilty of manslaughter (which is the easier crime to prove). Essentially, the Defense gambled and went for an all or nothing verdict. The Defense lost their gamble.
What the judge did is permitted. If a judge believes that no reasonable jury could have convicted a person of the crime charged based upon the evidence presented at trial, the judge can overturn the verdict. In this case, the judge examined the evidence presented at trial and concluded that this was not a reasonable jury. He concluded that no reasonable jury could have found that the Nanny had the intent to kill that is required for a 2nd degree murder charge based upon the evidence presented at trial. Because manslaughter is a lesser included offense of 2nd degree murder, in finding the Nanny guilty of 2nd degree murder, the jury must necessarily have concluded that the Nanny was also guilty of manslaughter. The judge found that part of the verdict to be reasonable which is why he reduced the crime upon which she was convicted to manslaughter.
This kind of thing is not common but not so rare as to be shocking either. Judges don't normally bail the Defense out after the Defense has made a strategic blunder. If the Defense believed that it was likely or probable that the jury would have convicted the Nanny on the 2nd degree murder charge, it would have asked for the jury instruction on manslaughter and pleaded with the jury in final argument to find the Defendant not guilty of anything BUT if they were going to convict, do it on the lesser charge. Usually, if you go the all or nothing approach and lose, you're SOL.