Re: Positive Discrimination
I'm of the mindset that a person should be appointed on pure merit, character, and background. However when it comes to appointment affairs, in a muslim nation, a ruler or ruling class should be Muslim. The reason for that is obvious, because there is a conflict of interest. Ideal muslim governance is faith based and the laws passed are derived from the Quran and guidance taken from relevant ahadith to help understand matters which may have previously been dealt with in the times of Prophet (PBUH). So, it is important to appoint someone who believes in the book and can follow and implement policies and understand them thoroughly.
Nonmuslims too should have representation, so they are not sidelines, but policy-making should be by a strictly muslim body.
And ideal ruler is of the highest merit and who would insure rights of all citizens regardless of their faith, looks after non-muslims, and protects their rights. (i.e. Caliphate Era)
It really actually depends what kind of post/appointment we're talking about. There maybe some fields of work/knowledge that a muslim is not qualified enough in, in which case a more qualified person should be appointed because while Islam preaches brotherhood,** it also strongly preaches Fairness and Honesty even if it hurts you.**