Allama Iqbal’s famous shair:
Hai Ayan Yorish-e-Tataar Ke Afsane Se
Pasban Mil Gaye Kaabe Ko Sanam Khane Se
Iqbal referred to conversion of Tataari (Mongols) to Islam?
When and how Mongol converted to Islam?
After conversion, what were their contribution that lead Iqbal calling them Paasban (protector /guards) of Kaaba?
Re: Pasban Mil Gaye Kaabe Ko Sanam Khane Se?
This is very long and difficuilt topic and I have a special article on this upcoming.
In short Iqbal is indeed refering to a certain group of people who are often reffered to in the manner of "Tartars" which may or may not be correct.
But I will explain this in more detail soon. Suffice to say that the History spans almost 800 years of constant struggle and the story has a lot of characters in it. Real history is much more potent than any work of fiction and to understand the truth of this epic power struglle is a very long and emotional process.
In some respects it is the very story of how people like myself have come to be in todays world. For we have come a very long way from home and still we have not yet reached our destination.
Re: Pasban Mil Gaye Kaabe Ko Sanam Khane Se?
:k: Faris Bhai. Looking forward to that article.
Re: Pasban Mil Gaye Kaabe Ko Sanam Khane Se?
Interesting! In class seven I wrote very different answer to the question pertaining to mongols though:D but won't derail this thread:)
Re: Pasban Mil Gaye Kaabe Ko Sanam Khane Se?
Do derail, we will make it in rail :D, once our class fellow (in class 5) written that Muhammad Bin Qasim came to Sindh for visiting Shah Latif’s Urs (Mela) 
and our teacher was like 
I myself did a grave mistake for MBQ.. There was written in our books that MBQ was son-in- law of Hajjaj Bin Yousif and I mistakenly written that MBQ was SIL of Dahir 
Re: Pasban Mil Gaye Kaabe Ko Sanam Khane Se?
from Urs I remember Urs of Khwaza BandaNawaz of Gulbarga in deccan:)
there were questions , Mangol kaun they? and Bandargah (sea port) kise kehte hain? Dakshin bharat mein kaunsi si pahadiyan hain?
"Mongol gol muhn waaley bandar they jo poorab se aate they:D (there was photo of mongol who looked like people from north east India)"
"Bandargah wo jagah hain jahan Mangol rehte hain:D"
instead of "Dakshin Bharat mein Neelgiri aur anamalai ki pahadiyan hain" I wrote "Dakshin Bharat mein Gari(coconut) aur Malai (cream) ki pahadiyan hain :D"
Re: Pasban Mil Gaye Kaabe Ko Sanam Khane Se?
hahahaha… 
answer. I forgot to mention that our class fellow written that ’ MBQ Shah latif ke urs se Khopre wali mithai aur hyderabad ki chooriyan khaeedne aya tha’ 
Coming to the topic, what do you think why Mongol converted to Muslims?
Re: Pasban Mil Gaye Kaabe Ko Sanam Khane Se?
Even during period of changez khan some Tatars were muslims
Re: Pasban Mil Gaye Kaabe Ko Sanam Khane Se?
Well since this topic is allready allight I suppose I'll cut a long story short and tell you guys it was a transition caused by a slow change of leadership styles and a clash of personality in the Mongol royal house.
In the end it got very bloody indeed but the subject is hugely complicated and there were different reasons for converting.
Nija Hatori is absolutely right when he says that the Mongols had Muslims among them from the time of Chingis and from even before that period as well.
The Mongols also slaughtered many Muslims in the early days but again theres reason for this and the story is deeply complicated so I'll write this out in detail at a later time. However just to wet your appetite a little heres some notable facts.
Chingiz Khan has been related to have at least spoken to some of the most important Islamic personalities and even debated Islam with the leading scholars of that age.
Chingis Khans most trusted Commander and the Mongols tactical genius bought up one of the Mongol princes in Islam.
The Mongols were a mixed nation and had many religions but in the imediate period after Chingiz's death there were deadly power struggles between the sects and religions.
The Mongol war machine was something that took part in the decisive end to the Crusades and the period refered to as "The High Middle ages".
Important of all the Mongols allowed the finest trade links ever, allowing missionaires to travel further without fear of harm.
All of the above of some very startling facts which I will explain in detail soon.
Re: Pasban Mil Gaye Kaabe Ko Sanam Khane Se?
The transition from making towers of human skulls to making towers of mosques
Re: Pasban Mil Gaye Kaabe Ko Sanam Khane Se?
I have read whole books on mongols, it was a great read. But I read it when I was 15 :( So I only remember that Changiz Khan's son converted to Islam and thats when Mongols were changed.
Re: Pasban Mil Gaye Kaabe Ko Sanam Khane Se?
I have read whole books on mongols, it was a great read. But I read it when I was 15 :( So I only remember that Changiz Khan's son converted to Islam and thats when Mongols were changed.
That what the above clip also said that Mongols converted to Islam within 10 years after they conquered Muslim World. But I read that Baghdad was conquered by Hallaku (Grandson of Changez Khan), so this raise another question: Whether Hallaku converted to Islam before making all his plunder of a Muslim city Baghdad?
Re: Pasban Mil Gaye Kaabe Ko Sanam Khane Se?
.....
Re: Pasban Mil Gaye Kaabe Ko Sanam Khane Se?
Came across this incident resulting in conversion of Mongols to Islam. I don’t know the authenticity of the incident, but it shows how some of our scholars and particular school of thought justifies happenings in history.
So how was Hallaku died is the next thing to see. :hmmm:
Re: Pasban Mil Gaye Kaabe Ko Sanam Khane Se?
^ There are some inconsistancies with above article.
As for How Hulagu died its uncertain though the year before he died. He was severly thrashed by both Burke Khan and Nogai Khan who were both Muslims and his Army was practially anhillated when he tried to invade the Caucussus. I think he died from natural causes though or perhaps shock.
Re: Pasban Mil Gaye Kaabe Ko Sanam Khane Se?
Hullaqu was not a Muslim.
To really understand the whole situation we must make an incredible journey back in time.
I will help paint the picture for you guys and take us all back over almost a millenium of History and explain what happened to the best of my ability and with the best use of sources on this I can find. I will post a bit about further reading at the end.
Right to the begining then.
A thousand years ago the area North and West of China which now comprises Mongolia, Syberia and most of Central Asia was a hostile land, where there was very little civilised settlements. This was a vast land made up almost entirely of an ocean of grass, with a few mountians and trees surrounding the whole vista.
It was a harsh land called the Steppe where summer temperatures could reach 50c and winter would plummet to as low as -20c. It was a land dotted by Tribes of wandering herders and hunter gatherers. Many tribes moved across the land and there was virtually no universal law or order. To the West the World was contained by Castles and Cities from the Byzantine Empire to the smaller Kingdoms and states of Europe. To the South West were the Islamic nations of the Middle East right up to the Kingdom of Egypt and Africa beyond them. To the Immediate South and East lay nations such as China, India and the Lands of Koryu (Korea).
The Steppes were home to many tribes the oldest of whom were a large confederation who had been pushed into the very North around what is now Siberia. These were a people that Historicaly were known to the Chinese as Huni and Romans called them the Huns. The Greek name for these barbarians was "Tartars" they were named after the Greek word "Tartarus" which meant Hell. Tartars was to become a word associated with all the tribes of the Steppe but in the 11th Century the true Tartars were the Northern Huns.
The rest of the Steppes were inhabited by various smaller tribes some of whom were no more than a few dozen fammilies others were small nations of thier own right. The larger tribes were the Kazans a tribe who ruled what is now Kazakstan and all that lies to the West of it right to the Russian border some of this nations were refered to by Russians as Cozacks.
The other large tribes were the Naimans whose territory mostly comrpised of what is now Northern Afghanistan and Tajikistan. The Merkits who ruled a vast swathe of land from Eastern Mongolia to the Xingjaing region of China. It is worth noting that China back in those days was a little smaller than today if you take away the entire Xinjiang province then you would be about the size of the Chinese empire at that period which would have the Song Dynasty.
The Oirats and Jaigoriats were tribes largely from what is now Mongolia. The other large tribe from this period which is perhaps the only Steppe tribe to have survived in large numbers to the modern age is the Uighurs who had the territory of Most of Xinjiang and by the 11th Century they were perhaps the most settled of the tribes due to thier close proximity to China.
We begin our Journey in the very heart of what is today Modern Mongolia, which up till a Century ago was always refered to as Mughalistan or Mongolistan (land of the Mongols). The difference between Mughal and Mongol is that Mughal is merely the Persian variation of the word Mongol which comes from the ancient language of the Mongols that is now extinct with only parts of that language ever preserved in Chagatai text.
In Central Mongolia right beside the great Onon river there was a tribe of people known as the Borjigin. The name means, blue wolves, although they had always been reffered to by others as simply the Wolves. The origins of this tribe are lost to the Myths and Legends. All we need to know is that the Borjigin was the tribe of Changez Khan (often rendered in English as Ghengis Khan but the correct Mongol way to say it (phonetically) is the version I shall use). At the time just before Changez was born his Father Yusugie was leader of the Borjigin and had one son named Bektar and his wife Holun. The Borjigin was a very small tribe but they were famed for being very agressive and had beaten thier rival tribes time and agian. Just before Changez was born his father defeated a raiding band of Tartars and took the name of one of his enemies Temujin as a name for his second son. The first name that Changez Khan ever had was Temujin Yusugie. Temujin means Iron and Yusiegi it was said was a man whose word was iron. A promise and personal trust was one of the most important things in the Steppes.
Changez Khan is a name synonimous across the World as a man of terror, evil and pure loathing. Few personalities in history have ever racked up enough hate points as this fellow and to be honest few in History have ever been so misunderstood.
Before I go deeper into his past and his personal characteristics. Heres just a few facts about this man which are worth knowing and keeping in mind. Popular imagination and culture has always depicted him as nothing more than a barbaric brute, a lustfull man who pursued pleasure both on and off the battlefield. A man who was utterly mercyless and cruel beyond belief but we should actually look more closely at this man before we judge him.
He did indeed take many wives and concubines and most of shocking of all is the fact that there are more men with the same male Y chromosomes in thier genes then perhaps any other historical figure, except perhaps Hazrat Baba Adam Alay-Salaam. Adam the first man if your religous.
He never lost a battle in which he took to the field and there were over forty set piece engagements in his millitary career which spanned several decades.
He was not just larger than life in movies and novels he really was a staggering figure back for those days and his physical endurance and mental stamina as well as physical were on par with the top athletes. The man was a giant for his age and by all accounts he had tremendous strength having often fought at the front of his men.
However the tales about him never showing any mercy are only partly true. I will explain further in more detail suffice to say that Changez Khan that while at times he was utterly brutal he did have a very strong belief and was often very mercifull towards enemies although most of the time he was not and in a few instances he did not spare his own blood either. His vengeance was indeed terrible.
There is no certian evidence that Changez ever chose a religoin, he was born into a shamanic belief system but at various times in his life he did debate with all kinds of people from Bhudist Monks, Molvis, Syeds/Pirs, Fakirs, Christian Bishops and even a Master Assasin. However theres no record as to whether he ever followed any of the advice of these learned men or took up thier faith. We do however know he had a firm belief in the existence of a One true God or Universal power beyond our world and evidence for this exists in many forms.
However what shaped this mans life and the story of the entire Mongol nation is very interesting indeed the Mongols would rise from a tiny tribe of no more than two hundred people to a potent force that would create the largest single land empire in the History of the World.
In my next installment I shall post about the early life of Changez and what he had to go through which shaped his future.
^ There are some inconsistancies with above article.
As for How Hulagu died its uncertain though the year before he died. He was severly thrashed by both Burke Khan and Nogai Khan who were both Muslims and his Army was practially anhillated when he tried to invade the Caucussus. I think he died from natural causes though or perhaps shock.
Great information Faris Bhai. Ye dil mange more :)
Re: Pasban Mil Gaye Kaabe Ko Sanam Khane Se?
I have read whole books on mongols, it was a great read. But I read it when I was 15 :( So I only remember that Changiz Khan's son converted to Islam and thats when Mongols were changed.
Uz Sister your absolutely right. In the times of Changez Khan majority of the Mongol nation believed in Shamanic belief systems much simmilar to the ancient beliefs of the Native Americans. When Changez began his campaign of the West his eldest son Jochi conquered most of the North and what was then the Kingdom of the Russ (Russia).
Jochi Khan passed through the former Kingdom of Qaurezm and decided to leave the path of his Father and take up Islam. He was still a warrior like his father and he still had the luck to be taught by the best generals of the Khan but Jochi who changed his name to Yusef Khan after becoming Muslim did not return to his father when ordered to do so.
Yusef it seems had rebelled and taken his Tuman of 10,000 troops and thier fammilies and headed far away from his Father. Eventually Changez sent Yusefs old tutor general Subadai to bring him back. Some suggest Subadai was actually ordered to kill Yusef. Whatever the case Yusef either died in battle or was killed by Subadai and his Tuman was bought back to the Mongol nation but the damage had been done.
Changez it seems never recovered from the shock of losing his first son and the tuman that returned to him soon left him just as fast. The Tuman of Yusef khan would again be at the spearhead of a second and deeper Western Invasion that would take them all the way to Viena.
Yusefs Son's Batu and Berke would also become Muslim and lead what became the "Golden Horde" the most famed of the Mongol hordes that would rule Russia and much of Eastern Europe for the next hundred years or so.
Berke in particular would become a rival of Hulagu Khan. Hulagu was grandson of Changez just like Berke but wheras Berke was son of Yusef, Hulagu was son of a Christian mother and his father was I think Ogedai Khan who was Shamanic.
Hulagu would fight Berke in a bloody civil war and this would tear up the Mongol nation.
Eventually the Mongols in the West would win and slowly take both the lands of Chagatai and the Il Khanate.
Re: Pasban Mil Gaye Kaabe Ko Sanam Khane Se?
Karen Armstrong giving answers to the questions in her book ‘Islam - A short history’
When Mongols accepted Islam as state religion?
Jalal al Din probably retreated to Sindh and if I’m not wrong Iqbal’s famous sher is also for him:
Dasht to Dasht sehra bhi na choray hum ne
Behr e zulmaat main dora diye ghoray humne
Naseem Hijazi’s famous novel, Aakhri Chattan relate to this period on which PTV made a serial in 1980s.
From the above it seems that Mongols conversion to Islam was for their policy to adopt local system of society & administration.
to be continued for 'how conversion to Islam changes Mongols and how this conversion and their early destruction impacted residents of Muslim countries.
Re: Pasban Mil Gaye Kaabe Ko Sanam Khane Se?
^ Slight innacuracy with above details of History.
The Mongols had contacts with Muslims before they invaded Muslim lands. In fact on of the oldest Steppe Tribes the Uighurs had allready converted to Islam and when Changez Khan ordered all tribes to meet him at Karakorum the Uighurs were the last to arrive as they had the furthest to travel and also were the most learned of the Tribes having to carry all thier scrolls (uighurs were the only tribe who could read and write) they also were the first to convert to Islam with thier close proximity to Arab territory.
Changez used send trade delegations to every nation from the Tribes and some of these delegations not only carried diplomatic letters but also goods and gifts they used to trade and barter.
The trouble started when a Mongol Caravan passed into the Territory of Otrar which was a city and municipality governed by a corrupt leader called Inalchuk. Inalchuk was corrupt and very greedy and he captured a Mongol trade caravan which he said was spying in his territory. This may or may not have been true, however Inalchuk also went on to shave the beards of the Mongol emmisaries and then had them promptly beheaded and thier bodies dragged through the streets.
Changez was obvioulsy upset by this rash Governers actions and he wrote to him and sent more envoys who also met the same fate. Deciding that this was too much Changez sent more envoys to Shah Alaudin of Khwarezm who was ruler and overlord of the Empire. Changez however did not realise that Inalchuk had far more political muscle with his Master the Shah. For the Shah was a distant Cousin of the Governor and when more Mongol envoys reached the Shah he had them executed too... and stood by his Cousin all the way.
This was the last straw a man like Changez never liked to be challenged or taken advantage of like this so he promptly gathered all the tribes and Tumans he could muster and invaded Alaudin Shah of Khwarezm and annexed the kindom.
However Changez never really got much further than Central Iran he did send one of his Generals with a small detachment of cavalry to pursue the Shah all the way to the Caspian sea but the rest of the Mongol army went North West via Afghanistan and into China beating the Shahs Son Jelaludin along the way.
Hullagu however was Changez's grandson and he invaded Iraq and the Abbasid caliphate purely for plunder and to shame Islam becuase his Cousin Berke was a Muslim and Hullagu was son of a Christian Mother and was persuated somewhat by the Nestorian branch of the Christians to wage a Crusade against the Muslims who at the time were winning against the Western Crusaders.
In fact even in Changez'z time the Muslimks and Christians competed over which faith could convert the Mongols to its side. Ultimately the Muslim Mongols under Berke Khan truimphed in a civil War with the forces of Hullagu.
Hullagu's army was beaten by the Mamlukes at Ain Jalut, and then again by Nogai Khan and Batu Khan in what is now Armenia. The Il Khanate soon ended up being steam rolled and they were all Muslims shortly after Hullagus death.
Re: Pasban Mil Gaye Kaabe Ko Sanam Khane Se?
How the plunder and loot by tatars affected Muslim psychology
[QUOTE]
The Mongol irruption into Muslim life had been traumatic. Mongols had left a swathe of ruined cities and libraries behind them, as well as economic recession. But once they had achieved victory, the Mongols rebuilt on a magnificent scale the cities they had devastated. They also established
brilliant courts, which promoted science, art, history and mysticism. Appalling as the Mongol scourge had been, the Mongol rulers were fascinating to their Muslim subjects.
Their political structures remained subtly enduring and, as we shall see, influenced later Muslim empires. The Mongols' power had suggested new horizons. They had seemed about to conquer the world, and had been a portent of a new kind of imperialism, which linked the possibility of universal rule with mass destruction. The splendour of their states dazzled, at the same time as they undermined Muslim preconceptions. Muslims were not stunned into passivity by the horrors they had lived through, nor by the political defeat that these Mongol states represented. Islam is a resilient faith. Frequently in their history Muslims had responded positively to disaster, and used it constructively to gain fresh religious insights. So when people clearly felt that the world as they had known it was coming to an end, but also that an entirely new global order was possible.
From Karen Armstrong's Islam- A short history
[/QUOTE]