Re: Pakistani poverty in the UK, but Indians doing well.
Well, some historians believe its due to a bitterness over the loss of influence in post Mughal India, which caused the Muslims to become more introverted and even hostile to changing times. This was reinforced by the failed revolution of 1857, after which Muslim prospects were diminished even further. I suspect that this attitude was sustained by the wealth generated during better times under Muslim rule, many Muslims having their own land to farm, thus could survive despite not taking advantage of the opportunities afforded to them by the British beyond service in the Army.
HIndus on the other hand, not generally of the landed class, having nothing to lose, nor having any stake in the ideological social constraints placed by the Muslims on themselves, openly adapted to the new era.
Predestination and religiosity, i dont know, perhaps.. All religious people exhibit religiosity and all nations, regardless of religious affinity, have a sense of predestination. Hinduism indulges in such notions as well, how else to explain the caste system?
For what its worth, while the Indian diaspora has done well, the social indicators for India itself, are worse then or on par with many parts of SubSaharan Africa.
Why Indians have done well individually outside the country, yet have only marginally improved living standards in India itself is a nut I cant crack. If it were all to simply come down to mindset and ideological leanings, then India would be the Japan of South Asia. And neither would Bangladesh with its majority Muslim population have surpassed the Indians in the same social indicators if it all came down to religiosity and predestination. So perhaps its a bit more complicated then that.