Need help urgent!

Society Religion & Philosophy
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  1. I need ayyah that refers to seven skies.
  2. I need ayyah related to the punishment of badkari and what is badkari according to Quran.
  3. I need Islamic point of view regardin gawahi of women.
  4. I need to know about ijtehad. What is ijtehad? When are we allowed to do ijtehad? and in which cases?

Please do not post long articles or fatwas and talk strictly in refrence to Quran or authentic Hadees.

Jazak Allah

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1) Chapter 2 Aya 29

2:29 He it is Who created for you all that is in the earth. Then turned He to the heaven, and fashioned it as seven heavens. And He is knower of all things.

2)what is Badkari?

3) Inshallah I will post an article about the Women's Guwahi, its long subject totally related to Islamic jurisprudence. But if you search Gupshup you will find some good stuff.

4)In my understanding Ijtihad is to come up with a ruling about an issue which is not clearly mentioned in Quran and Sunnah and on which there is no Ijmah by the ummah. The ruling should be as close to the principles of Islam set by Quran and sunnah. But we have to remember that we cannot do Ijtihad on things which are already clearly indicated from Quran, sunnah and Ijmah. As far as I know no single person can do Ijtihad, the responsibility of Ijtihad is on the Amir or sovereign leader with consultation with of scholars.

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[QUOTE]
Originally posted by MiniMe: *
4)no single person can do Ijtihad, the responsibility of Ijtihad is on the Amir or sovereign leader with consultation with of scholars.
[/QUOTE]
In addition to some other qualities / requirments he must be a **Mijtahid*. People must have to follow him. Ijtihad of an Amir is valid only if he is a Mujtahid.

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Re: Need help urgent!

[QUOTE]
*Originally posted by fantastic1: *
2) I need ayyah related to the punishment of badkari and what is badkari according to Quran.
[/QUOTE]
Well, literal meaning of "badkari" is "bad deed". Although in Pakistan (esp. newspapers) the word "badkari" is used to talk about illegitimate sexual activity (be it pre-marital or extra marital). For reference of ayat on that, please read the first six ayaat of Sura-e-Mominoon (#23).