Most Persecuted Religions in History

[Ali_Syed]

Re: Most Persecuted Religions in History

@calypsodc

The invaders came , looted, settled and integrated into society but were brutal. But in the case of muslim invasions, there was religious persecution an element that was not common to the subcontinent along with the looting and of course no integration with local cultures and religions. Instead people were “encouraged” to adopt the beliefs of the oppressors and in many cases massacred when they refused. The looting was not just economic but also spiritual in nature. The scale of killing that had been documented has not been done with the other invasions. That is why it is believed to be worse. Like I mentioned in my last post, India was an economic and educational powerhouse. You can deny that many scientific and mathematical texts were translated into various languages. India was famous for its mathematicians. Bhaskara, Varahamihira, Aryabhata,Brahmagupta, sridhara etc all flourished between 5th-11th century AD. Most of them had royal patronages to promote scientific thought and learning. The barbaric muslim invasions killed many learned men and scientists along with destroying houses of learning and it has been chronicled.
After the entry of Mughals, they ruled a large part of India, but finished off the education system and brought India into the dark ages. At the same time, the south which was not under mughal influence continued to produce more mathematicians and other other scientists. There was also a school of mathematics in Kerala established by Madhava one of the best scientists medieval India ever produced.

All of the scientists that you have mentioned belonged to Bihar, Rajhastan, Karnataka and Bengal etc. And the ‘brutal’ islamic invasions invasions of Ghaznavi and Ghauri were limited to Western part of India. I dont think the two were interested in ruling the areas they invaded.

Anyways, as far as moghuls are concerned.

The Mughal legacy | DAWN.COM

Leitner’s report of 1882 confirms the educational status of just the Punjab as having 330,000 pupils learning “all the sciences in Arabic and Sanskrit schools and colleges, as well as Oriental literature, Oriental law, Logic, Philosophy and Medicine were taught to the highest standard”. After 1857, when the British system of education took hold the number of pupils taking this form of education diminished to 190,000. Nevertheless, Leitner’s analysis of the indigenous system of education proved that it was far superior to that set by the British in 1835 with Macaulay’s Minute on Education for the Indian colony.

How then was education delivered in Mughal times? Firstly, schooling of Mughal princes was taken very seriously. Great importance was given to an all round education of the princes with the study of logic, philosophy, mathematics, astronomy, law and medicine. Particular emphasis was put on female education by Mughal emperors and most princesses were highly educated, too. Secondly, almost all Mughal emperors encouraged education by setting up schools and seminaries with generous grants to scholars, writers, poets and teachers to keep up the high standard of education.

Although Akbar was unlettered, he gave much thought to education, syllabi and their content, and the teaching methodology for his subjects. Ain-i-Akbari records that there were 52 universities in and around Thatta in Sind during Jehangir’s time. Poets and historians have left outstanding literary works in prose, poetry, history and religious study. Mughal emperors Babar and Jehangir wrote their own biographies — Tuzk-i-Barbari and Tuzk-i-Jehangiri. Under Aurangzeb, the Fatwa-i-Alamgiri was compiled which added to the literature on Muslim law. Most books were transcribed by hand, yet a personal library was essential for a Mughal scholar as well as a Mughal nobleman. In 1641, the library at Agra contained 24,000 volumes and was valued at six and a half million rupees. When the Imperial Library at Delhi was torched by the British in 1803, the vast accumulated knowledge of the Mughal Empire was lost forever.

Literacy in Mughal times is gauged by a reading public among whom the most commonly read books were Gulistan, Bostan, Akhlaq-i-Nasiri and Anwaar-i-Suhaili. Education is also visible in the conduct of governance and administration. Ministers were well read and the empire functioned effectively with separate departments dealing with Agriculture, Trade, Justice, Education, Military and the running of the royal households. Law and order was maintained throughout the empire with justice accorded by Qazis and Muftis, a system later emulated by the British.

education : The Mughal period – Britannica Online Encyclopedia

THE MUGHAL PERIOD

The credit for organizing education on a systematic basis goes to Akbar (1542–1605), a contemporary of Queen Elizabeth I of England and undoubtedly the greatest of Mughal emperors. He treated all his subjects alike and opened a large number of schools and colleges for Muslims as well as for Hindus throughout his empire. He also introduced a few curricular changes, based on students’ individual needs and the practical necessities of life. The scope of the curriculum was so widened as to enable every student to receive education according to his religion and views of life. (100 of 123,990 words)

[calypsodc]

Re: Most Persecuted Religions in History

@Ali_Syed

All of the scientists that you have mentioned belonged to Bihar, Rajhastan, Karnataka and Bengal etc. And the ‘brutal’ islamic invasions invasions of Ghaznavi and Ghauri were limited to Western part of India. I dont think the two were interested in ruling the areas they invaded.

Anyways, as far as moghuls are concerned.

The Mughal legacy | DAWN.COM

Leitner’s report of 1882 confirms the educational status of just the Punjab as having 330,000 pupils learning “all the sciences in Arabic and Sanskrit schools and colleges, as well as Oriental literature, Oriental law, Logic, Philosophy and Medicine were taught to the highest standard”. After 1857, when the British system of education took hold the number of pupils taking this form of education diminished to 190,000. Nevertheless, Leitner’s analysis of the indigenous system of education proved that it was far superior to that set by the British in 1835 with Macaulay’s Minute on Education for the Indian colony.

How then was education delivered in Mughal times? Firstly, schooling of Mughal princes was taken very seriously. Great importance was given to an all round education of the princes with the study of logic, philosophy, mathematics, astronomy, law and medicine. Particular emphasis was put on female education by Mughal emperors and most princesses were highly educated, too. Secondly, almost all Mughal emperors encouraged education by setting up schools and seminaries with generous grants to scholars, writers, poets and teachers to keep up the high standard of education.

Although Akbar was unlettered, he gave much thought to education, syllabi and their content, and the teaching methodology for his subjects. Ain-i-Akbari records that there were 52 universities in and around Thatta in Sind during Jehangir’s time. Poets and historians have left outstanding literary works in prose, poetry, history and religious study. Mughal emperors Babar and Jehangir wrote their own biographies — Tuzk-i-Barbari and Tuzk-i-Jehangiri. Under Aurangzeb, the Fatwa-i-Alamgiri was compiled which added to the literature on Muslim law. Most books were transcribed by hand, yet a personal library was essential for a Mughal scholar as well as a Mughal nobleman. In 1641, the library at Agra contained 24,000 volumes and was valued at six and a half million rupees. When the Imperial Library at Delhi was torched by the British in 1803, the vast accumulated knowledge of the Mughal Empire was lost forever.

Literacy in Mughal times is gauged by a reading public among whom the most commonly read books were Gulistan, Bostan, Akhlaq-i-Nasiri and Anwaar-i-Suhaili. Education is also visible in the conduct of governance and administration. Ministers were well read and the empire functioned effectively with separate departments dealing with Agriculture, Trade, Justice, Education, Military and the running of the royal households. Law and order was maintained throughout the empire with justice accorded by Qazis and Muftis, a system later emulated by the British.

education : The Mughal period – Britannica Online Encyclopedia

THE MUGHAL PERIOD

The credit for organizing education on a systematic basis goes to Akbar (1542–1605), a contemporary of Queen Elizabeth I of England and undoubtedly the greatest of Mughal emperors. He treated all his subjects alike and opened a large number of schools and colleges for Muslims as well as for Hindus throughout his empire. He also introduced a few curricular changes, based on students’ individual needs and the practical necessities of life. The scope of the curriculum was so widened as to enable every student to receive education according to his religion and views of life. (100 of 123,990 words)

There is a difference between literacy and being a educational superpower. Maybe U r right. Who are the famous scientists of mughal empire and what are their contributions in the field ? India had residential schools called gurukuls and universities long before mughal empire. Not sure if we can credit them for establishing schools unless they made literacy compulsory for all irrespective of class and religion.

[psyah]

Re: Most Persecuted Religions in History

@The_Player

Persecution of Hindus - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Hindus have been historically persecuted during Islamic rule of theIndian subcontinent and during the Goa Inquisition. In modern times, Hindus in the Muslim-majority regions of Kashmir, Pakistan and Bangladeshhave also suffered persecution.

Persecution of Jews - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Muslim and Arab antisemitism

Main articles: Islam and Judaism and Islam and antisemitism
According to Mark R. Cohen, during the rise of Islam, the first encounters between Muslims and Jews resulted in persecution when Muhammad expelled or killed the Jewish tribes of Medina. He adds that this encounter was an exception rather than a rule.[SUP][7]](Persecution of Jews - Wikipedia)[/SUP]
Traditionally Jews living in Muslim lands, known as dhimmis, were allowed to practice their religion and to administer their internal affairs but subject to certain conditions.[SUP][8]](Persecution of Jews - Wikipedia)[/SUP] They had to pay the jizya (a per capita tax imposed on free adult non-Muslim males) to Muslims.[SUP][9]](Persecution of Jews - Wikipedia)[/SUP] Dhimmis had an inferior status under Islamic rule. They had several social and legaldisabilities such as prohibitions against bearing arms or giving testimony in courts in cases involving Muslims.[SUP][10]](Persecution of Jews - Wikipedia)[/SUP] Contrary to popular belief, the Quran did not allow Muslims to force Jews to wear distinctive clothing. Obadyah the Proselyte reported in 1100 A.D, that the Caliph had created this rule himself:The Caliph of Baghdad, al-Muqtadi [1075-1094], had given power to his vizier, Abu Shuja, [who] imposed that each male Jew should wear a yellow badge on his headgear. This was one distinctive sign on the head and the other was on the neck- a piece of lead of the weight of a silver dinar hanging round the neck of every Jew and inscribed with the word dhimmi to signify that the Jew had to pay poll-tax. Jews also had to wear girdles round their waists. Abu Shuja further imposed two signs on Jewish women. They had to wear a black and a red shoe, and each woman had to have a small brass bell on her neck or shoe, which would tinkle and thus announce the separation of Jewish from Gentile [Muslim] women. He assigned cruel Muslim men to spy upon Jewish women, in order to oppress them with all kinds of curses, humiliation, and spite. The Gentile population used to mock all the Jews, and the mob and their children used to beat up the Jews in all the streets of Baghdad. When a Jew died, who had not paid up the poll-tax [jizya] to the full and was in debt for a small or large amount, the Gentiles did not permit burial until the poll-tax was paid. If the deceased left nothing of value, the Gentiles demanded that other Jews should, with their own money, meet the debt owed by the deceased in poll-tax; otherwise they [threatened] they would burn the body. (Scheiber, A. “The Origins of Obadyah, the Norman Proselyte” Journal of Jewish Studies (Oxford), Vol. 5, 1954, p. 37.)

In Moorish Spain, ibn Hazm and Abu Ishaq focused their anti-Jewish writings on the latter allegation. This was also the chief motivation behind the 1066 Granada massacre, when “[m]ore than 1,500 Jewish families, numbering 4,000 persons, fell in one day”,[SUP][11]](Persecution of Jews - Wikipedia)[/SUP] and in Fez in 1033, when 6,000 Jews were killed.[SUP][12]](Persecution of Jews - Wikipedia)[/SUP] There were further massacres in Fez in 1276 and 1465.[SUP][13]](Persecution of Jews - Wikipedia)[/SUP]
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The Damascus affair occurred in 1840, when a French monk and his servant disappeared in Damascus. Immediately following, a charge ofritual murder was brought against a large number of Jews in the city including children who were tortured. The consuls of England, France and Germany as well as Ottoman authorities, Christians, Muslims and Jews all played a great role in this affair.[SUP][14]](Persecution of Jews - Wikipedia)[/SUP] Following the Damascus affair,Pogroms spread through the Middle East and North Africa. Pogroms occurred in: Aleppo (1850, 1875), Damascus (1840, 1848, 1890), Beirut (1862, 1874), Dayr al-Qamar (1847), Jerusalem (1847), Cairo (1844, 1890, 1901–02), Mansura (1877), Alexandria (1870, 1882, 1901–07), Port Said (1903, 1908), Damanhur (1871, 1873, 1877, 1891), Istanbul (1870, 1874), Buyukdere (1864), Kuzguncuk (1866), Eyub (1868), Edirne (1872), Izmir (1872, 1874).[SUP][15]](Persecution of Jews - Wikipedia)[/SUP] There was a massacre of Jews in Baghdad in 1828.[SUP][12]](Persecution of Jews - Wikipedia)[/SUP] There was another massacre in Barfurush in 1867.[SUP][12]](Persecution of Jews - Wikipedia)[/SUP]
In 1839, in the eastern Persian city of Meshed, a mob burst into the Jewish Quarter, burned the synagogue, and destroyed the Torah scrolls. This is known as the Allahdad incident. It was only by forcible conversion that a massacre was averted.[SUP][16]](Persecution of Jews - Wikipedia)[/SUP]
In 1941, following Rashid Ali’s pro-Axis coup, riots known as the Farhud broke out in Baghdad in which approximately 180 Jews were killed and about 240 were wounded, 586 Jewish-owned businesses were looted and 99 Jewish houses were destroyed.[SUP][17]](Persecution of Jews - Wikipedia)[/SUP]
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Zeibak.jpg/170px-Zeibak.jpghttp://bits.wikimedia.org/static-1.20wmf12/skins/common/images/magnify-clip.png
Border police discovered on March 2, 1974 the bodies of (clockwise from top left: Fara Zeibak, Mazal Zeibak, Eva Saad and Lulu Zeibak, in a cave in theZabdani Mountains.

During the Holocaust, the Middle East was in turmoil. Britain prohibited Jewish immigration to theBritish Mandate of Palestine. In Cairo the Jewish Lehi (also known as the Stern Gang) assassinatedLord Moyne in 1944 fighting as part of its campaign against British closure of Palestine to Jewish immigration, complicating British-Arab-Jewish relations. While the Allies and the Axis were fighting for the oil-rich region, the Mufti of Jerusalem Amin al-Husayni staged a pro-Nazi coup in Iraq and organized the Farhud pogrom which marked the turning point for about 150,000 Iraqi Jews who, following this event and the hostilities generated by the war with Israel in 1948, were targeted for violence, persecution, boycotts, confiscations, and near complete expulsion in 1951. The coup failed and the mufti fled to Berlin, where he actively supported Hitler. In Egypt, with a Jewish population of about 75,000, young Anwar Sadat was imprisoned for conspiring with the Nazis and promised them that “no British soldier would leave Egypt alive” (see Military history of Egypt during World War II) leaving the Jews of that region defenseless. In the French Vichy territories of Algeria and Syria plans had been drawn up for the liquidation of their Jewish populations were the Axis powers to triumph.
The tensions of the Arab-Israeli conflict were also a factor in the rise of animosity to Jews all over the Middle East, as hundreds of thousands of Jews fled as refugees, the main waves being soon after the 1948 and 1956 wars. In reaction to the Suez Crisis of 1956, the Egyptian government expelled almost 25,000 Egyptian Jews and confiscated their property, and sent approximately 1,000 more Jews to prisons and detention camps. The population of Jewish communities of Muslim Middle East and North Africa was reduced from about 900,000 in 1948 to less than 8,000 today.
On March 2, 1974, the bodies of four Syrian Jewish girls were discovered by border police in a cave in the Zabdani Mountains northwest of Damascus. Fara Zeibak 24, her sisters Lulu Zeibak 23, Mazal Zeibak 22 and their cousin Eva Saad 18, had contracted with a band of smugglers to flee Syrian to Lebanon and eventually to Israel. The girl’s bodies were found raped, murdered and mutilated. The police also found the remains of two Jewish boys, Natan Shaya 18 and Kassem Abadi 20, victims of an earlier massacre.[SUP][18]](Persecution of Jews - Wikipedia)[/SUP] Syrian authorities deposited the bodies of all six in sacks before the homes of their parents in the Jewish ghetto in Damascus.[SUP][19]](Persecution of Jews - Wikipedia)[/SUP]

Peace The Player

I’m going to go through each of these one by one … … It is because I know there is a lot of rubbish propaganda out there …

Firstly, India … Muhammad bin Qasim was responsible for bringing Islam to the region, but there is a context to that campaign. Raja Dahir is the context … He had pirate vessels that raided the Muslim merchant ships and he kidnapped the Muslim women, after requesting them back by letter, bin Qasim gathered an army and went to the region. They fought the army of Raja Dahir and won. I don’t think it is fair to say that particular aspect is persecution … This is the first section in the link you provided … Let’s continue … Chow for now !!!

[The_Player]

Re: Most Persecuted Religions in History

Peace The Player

I'm going to go through each of these one by one ... :) ... It is because I know there is a lot of rubbish propaganda out there ...

Firstly, India ... Muhammad bin Qasim was responsible for bringing Islam to the region, but there is a context to that campaign. Raja Dahir is the context ... He had pirate vessels that raided the Muslim merchant ships and he kidnapped the Muslim women, after requesting them back by letter, bin Qasim gathered an army and went to the region. They fought the army of Raja Dahir and won. I don't think it is fair to say that particular aspect is persecution ... This is the first section in the link you provided ... Let's continue ... Chow for now !!!

I am very interested in listening to contrary views as long as you can back them up :) Otherwise its just opinion. Look forward to continuing the discussion.

[calypsodc]

Re: Most Persecuted Religions in History

Peace The Player

I'm going to go through each of these one by one ... :) ... It is because I know there is a lot of rubbish propaganda out there ...

Firstly, India ... Muhammad bin Qasim was responsible for bringing Islam to the region, but there is a context to that campaign. Raja Dahir is the context ... He had pirate vessels that raided the Muslim merchant ships and he kidnapped the Muslim women, after requesting them back by letter, bin Qasim gathered an army and went to the region. They fought the army of Raja Dahir and won. I don't think it is fair to say that particular aspect is persecution ... This is the first section in the link you provided ... Let's continue ... Chow for now !!!

Do you have sure proof that Raja Dahir owned the pirate vessels ? There are conflicting reports. It was a tribe of Sythians (Meds) who lived in Sindh who were pirates. Immediate causes of the conquest of the Sindh was the plunder of the gifts of Ceylon’s ruler to Hijjaj and attack on ships of Arabs that were carrying the orphans and widows of Muslim soldiers who died in Jihaad against Africa. These Arab were imprisoned later on by the Governor of Deebal . A letter written by the a prisoner asked Hajjab Bin Yousaf for help. When Hijjaj asked Dahir for release of prisoners and compensation, the later refused on the ground that he had no control over those. If he had no control, could he be blamed ? Deebal has a history of conflict with the arabs even before Dahir. There was an Arab raid at Deebal and Thana in 636 for looting purposes.
Even if the war was because of how muslim women were treated, were the captured hindu women treated any better ? What happened to Raja Dahir's daughters? What was their fate. So is it OK to fight for a women's honour if you cannot apply that principle to all women ?
Just because Osama was living in Pakistan is the US justified in attacking Pakistan? If it is yes in the previous case that it is a yes in the current context as well.

[muqawwee123]

Re: Most Persecuted Religions in History

Hindus and Sikhs have been persecuted by Muslim rulers for all of India's history.

Zoroastrians in Iran too...

Jews have been persecuted by Muslims and Nazis.

Jews persecution by Muslims? Which countries? Spain / Palestine?

[calypsodc]

Re: Most Persecuted Religions in History

@muqawwee123

Jews persecution by Muslims? Which countries? Spain / Palestine?

Granada Massacre in muslim spain. I feel the jews were persecuted by both muslims and Christians.

[muqawwee123]

Re: Most Persecuted Religions in History

The invaders came , looted, settled and integrated into society but were brutal. But in the case of muslim invasions, there was religious persecution an element that was not common to the subcontinent along with the looting and of course no integration with local cultures and religions. Instead people were "encouraged" to adopt the beliefs of the oppressors and in many cases massacred when they refused.

How can we say that Muslims didn't integrated in Indian society and culture? The version of Islam followed in Indo-Pak is quite different than being followed in Middle-east. Muslims here have Qawwali (inspired by Bhajans). Muslims now celebrate birth of the Prophet as Milaad and describe birth event like Katha. They adapted dus bibiyon ki kahani (like Punch Kaniya in Hinduism). This all shows that they tried to assimilate into local culture like anything :)

[muqawwee123]

Re: Most Persecuted Religions in History

@calypsodc

Granada Massacre in muslim spain. I feel the jews were persecuted by both muslims and Christians.

Jews were quite safe under Muslim rule. After Muslims, Jews had to migrate due to confiscation of their properties, etc by infamous Inquisition.

[The_Player]

Re: Most Persecuted Religions in History

@muqawwee123

Jews persecution by Muslims? Which countries? Spain / Palestine?

Yes, details in post # 16.

[The_Player]

Re: Most Persecuted Religions in History

@muqawwee123

How can we say that Muslims didn't integrated in Indian society and culture?

Muslims are still muslims. But a lot of Hindus/Sikhs and others were converted to Islam. Thats not integration IMO.

[muqawwee123]

Re: Most Persecuted Religions in History

@calypsodc

Do you have sure proof that Raja Dahir owned the pirate vessels ? There are conflicting reports. It was a tribe of Sythians (Meds) who lived in Sindh who were pirates. Immediate causes of the conquest of the Sindh was the plunder of the gifts of Ceylon’s ruler to Hijjaj and attack on ships of Arabs that were carrying the orphans and widows of Muslim soldiers who died in Jihaad against Africa. These Arab were imprisoned later on by the Governor of Deebal . A letter written by the a prisoner asked Hajjab Bin Yousaf for help. When Hijjaj asked Dahir for release of prisoners and compensation, the later refused on the ground that he had no control over those. If he had no control, could he be blamed ? Deebal has a history of conflict with the arabs even before Dahir. There was an Arab raid at Deebal and Thana in 636 for looting purposes.
Even if the war was because of how muslim women were treated, were the captured hindu women treated any better ? What happened to Raja Dahir’s daughters? What was their fate. So is it OK to fight for a women’s honour if you cannot apply that principle to all women ?
Just because Osama was living in Pakistan is the US justified in attacking Pakistan? If it is yes in the previous case that it is a yes in the current context as well.

Interesting points :k:

What is the source behind attack on Deebal as early as in 636 AD (just 4 years after the death of Prophet)?

[muqawwee123]

Re: Most Persecuted Religions in History

@The_Player

Muslims are still muslims. But a lot of Hindus/Sikhs and others were converted to Islam. Thats not integration IMO.

People do convert. Buddhists convert to Hinduism. So, if Hindu population converted based on the teachings of Muslim sufis, that is not the big deal and should not be taken as persecution IMO.

If Muslims were on mission to convert, then why didn’t they convert all of the India during 800 years rule?

[calypsodc]

Re: Most Persecuted Religions in History

Yes there are influences from centuries of living side by side. But did the muslims completely integrate ? I don't think so. Even when the Greeks and pre-Islamic persians conquered part of the subcontinent, there were influences to certain extent. But the kings promoted local cultures and religions and did not impose a foreign language or culture on the defeated people. So the people were possibly more open to their conqueror's influence. Unfortunately muslims did not do that. They set themselves apart . It was the first time the subcontinent faced an invasion in the name of religion as the dominant factor. The kings used persian and arabic as court languages instead of the native languages. Except for a few rulers, administration esp high posts were reserved based on religion. Even Tipu sultan who is considered a hero by many tried to impose persian as a court and administrative language on the reluctant kannada speaking subjects. In this way they set themselves apart always reminding the locals that they were not completely one of the natives.
Qawwali originated in Persia but it fused with Indian musical traditions later and evolved to its present form. :)

[calypsodc]

Re: Most Persecuted Religions in History

@muqawwee123

People do convert. Buddhists convert to Hinduism. So, if Hindu population converted based on the teachings of Muslim sufis, that is not the big deal and should not be taken as persecution IMO.

If Muslims were on mission to convert, then why didn’t they convert all of the India during 800 years rule?

Contrary to popular belief all of India was not completely under muslim rule.Some parts came under muslim rule at certain periods. Places like Kashmir which had continuous muslim rule had a substantial number of converts. Look through out history and you can see that hindus have always fought back for dominance. The muslims did not rule easily. Hindus were numerous and did not surrender easily.

But a lot of damage was done. Look at Kashmir, muslims and Hindus lived peacefully for a while due to the sufis. But Islam established itself firmly only with the help of Sikander Butshikan and his policies.

[hareem01]

Re: Most Persecuted Religions in History

Judaism...and in recent years Islam.

[hareem01]

Re: Most Persecuted Religions in History

@calypsodc

Do you have sure proof that Raja Dahir owned the pirate vessels ? There are conflicting reports. It was a tribe of Sythians (Meds) who lived in Sindh who were pirates. Immediate causes of the conquest of the Sindh was the plunder of the gifts of Ceylon’s ruler to Hijjaj and attack on ships of Arabs that were carrying the orphans and widows of Muslim soldiers who died in Jihaad against Africa. These Arab were imprisoned later on by the Governor of Deebal . A letter written by the a prisoner asked Hajjab Bin Yousaf for help. When Hijjaj asked Dahir for release of prisoners and compensation, the later refused on the ground that he had no control over those. If he had no control, could he be blamed ? Deebal has a history of conflict with the arabs even before Dahir. There was an Arab raid at Deebal and Thana in 636 for looting purposes. Even if the war was because of how muslim women were treated, were the captured hindu women treated any better ? What happened to Raja Dahir's daughters? What was their fate. So is it OK to fight for a women's honour if you cannot apply that principle to all women ? Just because Osama was living in Pakistan is the US justified in attacking Pakistan? If it is yes in the previous case that it is a yes in the current context as well.

what happened to Raja Dahir's daughters? Wasn't he married to his own sister anyway?

[muqawwee123]

Re: Most Persecuted Religions in History

@calypsodc

Contrary to popular belief all of India was not completely under muslim rule.Some parts came under muslim rule at certain periods. Places like Kashmir which had continuous muslim rule had a substantial number of converts. Look through out history and you can see that hindus have always fought back for dominance. The muslims did not rule easily. Hindus were numerous and did not surrender easily.

But a lot of damage was done

But don't you think that massacre and conversion at huge level portray as if Muslims had only one intention in India. To Make all the India Muslim.

Even the areas like Delhi, Aagra, where capitals of Muslim rulers based, there was majority Hindu population. Even the most bigot Mughal emperor Aurangzeb (as portrayed by historians) had Hindus in his court and army on higher posts.

[muqawwee123]

Re: Most Persecuted Religions in History

@hareem01

what happened to Raja Dahir's daughters? Wasn't he married to his own sister anyway?

I think sister marriage is an Arab propaganda. Hindu religion doesn't allow this.

[hareem01]

Re: Most Persecuted Religions in History

@muqawwee123

I think sister marriage is an Arab propaganda. Hindu religion doesn't allow this.

I didn't say anything about hindism. If that's propaganda then I'm sure the stories about raja dahir's daughters are propaganda too.