Re: More ‘Raped’ women speaking out
Look at the case agianst you, MR. HINDIA
Sexual Violence Against Women
The fact-finding team found compelling evidence of the most extreme form of sexual violence against women during the first few days of the carnage-in Ahmadabad on February 28th and March 1st and in rural areas up to March 3, 2002. The testimonies point to brutal and depraved forms of violence. The violence against minorities was pre-planned, organized and targeted, In every instance of large scale mob violence against the community in general, there was regular pattern of violence against women given the fact that the data on crimes against women has not been systematically collected, it is impossible to ascertain the extent of the outrage. We believe, however, that crimes against women have been grossly underreported. For instance, in Panchmahals district only one rape FIR has been filed, though we heard of many other cases. There has been a complete invisibilisation of the issue of sexual violence in the media.
The situation is compounded by the apathy of law-enforcement agencies and the indifference of political representative. In our interview with Maya Kodnani, BJP MLA from Naroda Patia.2 Where several brutal gang rapes and rapes of minor girls have been reported (see testimonies below) we found that she was indifferent, complacent and even bemused. When questioned about reported rapes she said – Accha, kya ye sach hai? Suna hai. Ek police wale ne mujhe bataya ki aisa hua hai par usna dekha nahin. (Is this true? One policeman mentioned this to me but he had not seen anything). She had not taken the trouble to investigate further, and clearly indicated no intent to do given the gravity of the situation, it is incomprehensible that until the writing of this report the National Commission for Women, mandated as the apex body for protection of women’s rights guaranteed under the Constitution of India, had not visited the Stated. This indicates a complete institutional breakdown as far as issues such as violence against women are concerned. As the District Collector of Panchmahals, clearly told us-, Maintaining Law and Order is my primary concern. It is not possible for me to look into cases of sexual violence. If something is brought to my notice (like the Bilkees case, see below) I can take action, but nothing more than that. NGOs should take on this job. I would welcome their involvement.
During our visits to the camps, we were besieged with detailed testimonies from rape victims themselves and from eyewitness-both activists and family members who witnessed the crime. For instance, in the short time we spent at Halol camp (Panchmahals district) we were able to get information about four incidents of rape. The fact-finding team also saw video footage where women spoke of witnessing rapes. In the film we saw slogans like – Muslims Quit India – or we will f*** your mothers - written on the walls of charred houses.
We reproduce below some of the testimonies that we were able to record.
A. Testimonies of Sexual Violence
**Witnessing mass rape (including minor girls)
**Naroda Patria, Ahmadabad, February 28, 2003)
“The mob started chasing us with burning tyres after we were forced to leave Gangotri society. It was then that they raped many girls. We saw about 8-10 rapes. We saw them strip 16-years-old Mehrunissa. They were stripping themselves and beckoning to the girls. Then they raped them right there on the road. We saw a girl’s vagina being slig open. Then there were burnt. Now there is no evidence
Source: Kulsum Bibi, Shah e Alam Camp, March 27, 2002.
“I saw Farzana being raped by Guddu Chara. Farzana was about 13 years old. She was a resident of Hussain Nagar. They put a saria (rod) in Farzana’s stomach. She was later burnt.12 year old Norrjahan was also raped. The rapists were Guddu, Suresh and Naresh Chara and Haria. I also saw Bhawani Singh, who works in the state Transport Department Kill 5 men and a boy.
Source: Azharuddin, 13 years. He witnessed the rapes while hiding on the terrace of the Gangotri Society. The Chara basti is located just behind jawan Nagar.
The mob, which came form Chara Nagar and Kuber Nagar, started burning people at around 6 in the evening. The mob stripped all the girls of the locality, including my 22-years-old daughter, and raped them. My daughter was engaged to be married. 7 members of my family were burnt including my wife (aged 40), my sons (aged 18, 14 and 7) and my daughters (aged 2, 4 and 22). My eldest daughter, who later died in the civil hospital, told me that those who raped her were wearing shorts. They hit her on the head and then burnt her. She died of 80% burn injuries.
Source: Abdul Usman, Testimony recorded by Citizens Initiative
**Sultani A Rape Survivor, Speaks
**Village Eral, Kalol Taluka, Panchmahals District, February 28th 20024.
On the afternoon of February 28th to escape the violent mob, about 40 of us got on to a tempo, wanting to escape to Kalol. My husband Feroze was driving the tempo. Just outside Kalol a Maruti car was blocking the road. A mob was lying in wait. Feroze had to swerve. The tempo overturned. As we got out they started attacking us. People started running in all directions. Some of us ran towards the river. I fell behind as I was carrying my son, Faizan. The men caught me from behind and threw me on the ground. Faizan fell from my arms and started crying. My clothes were stripped off by the men and I was left stark naked. One by one the men raped me. All the while I could hear my son crying. I lost count after 3. They then cut my foot with a sharp weapon and left me there in that state.
Source: Sultani, Kalol Camp, Panchmahals District, March 30, 2002
**Additional facts about the case:
**• We had heard about Sultani’s case from her relatives in Halol camp. The details and sequences of events of both testimonies matched.
• Sultani has not undergone a medical examination. Her leg had been swollen for three weeks as a result of the injury inflicted by a sharp weapon, but it is healing now.
• No FIR has been filed though a written statement has been submitted to the DSP. In her statement she names some men form the mob (Jitu Shah, PDS Shop owner of Delol village; Ashok Patel alias Don Dadhi fo Ramnath village)
• When we spoke with her and her sister in law they both said they were feeling numb and lost, as they did not know where to go from the Camp. She categorically started that they could not go back to her village. She was terribly worried about the future especially he children’s. Sultani has still not been told that her husband had died in the attack. She believes he is missing.
**A Mother’s Account of her Daughter’s Rape
***Village eral, kalol taluka, panchmahals district March 3, 20025
*
My father-in-law, a retired school teacher, refused to leave the village with the other Muslim families who fled to Kalol on February 28th. He believed no one would harm us. From the 28th about 13 members of my family sought refuge in various people’s houses and the fields. On Sunday afternoon (March 3rd) the hut we were hiding in was attacked. We ran in different directions and hid in the field. But the mob found some of us and started attacking. I recognized two people from my village Gano Baria and Sunil-pulling away my daughter Shabana. She screamed, telling the men to ge off her and leave her alone. The screams and cries of Ruqaiya, Suhana, Shabana, begging for their izzat could clearly be heard. My mind was seething with fear and fury. I could do nothing to help my daughter from being assaulted sexually and tortured to death. My daughter was like a flower, still to experience life. Why did they have to do this to her? What kind of men are these? The monsters tore my beloved daughter to pieces. After a while, the mob was saying “cut them to pieces, leave no evidence.” I saw fires being it. After some time the mob started leaving. And it became quitet.
Source: Medina Mustafa Ismail Sheikh, Kalol camp, panchamahals district, March 30, 2002
**Additional facts about the case:
**• Medina’s testimony has ben corrobrrated by the other two living witnesses Mehboob have corroborated Medina’s testimony and Khushboo have corroborated Medina’s testimony. Khushboo in her testimony also recounted how her grandfather (Medina’s father-in-law) and Huriben were killed. She also narrated how Ruqaiya’s pajamas were taken off and then one by one the men started “poking her in the lower part with their body”.
• We saw a copy of Medina’s FIR, where the police has charged 5 persons with murder under section 302. Charges of rape have not been included. The FIR uses the coulloquial phrase ‘ bura kaam’ rather than the specific term ‘rape’. We were also given the case report prepared by the camp leaders. The names of some of the accused are mentioned in the FIR.
**Gang rape of 25-year-old Zarina: a husband’s account
***Hussain Nagar, naroda patia, Ahmadabad.
February 28, 2002
*
It started at 9 a.m. on February 28th. That’s when the mobs arrived. Shouting-Mian Bhai nikulo (Bring out the Muslims) Many of them were wearing kesari chaddis (saffron shorts or underwear). The mob included boys from the neighboring building – Gopinath Society and Gangotri Society. I ran out of my house with the entire family – mother, father, sister, sister’s daughter, my wife Zarina, my brother, my sister-in-law, and my niece…….. there were 11 of us. We all ran towards the Police chowki. The Police said, ‘Go towards Gopinath and Gangotri’. In the melee, I was separated from my wife. What happened to her, she told me later. She tried to escape the mobs by leaping over a wall. But found herself in a cul-de-sac. They gang-raped her, and cut one arm. She was found naked. She was in civil hospital for many days. Now she is recovering with her mother near the Khanpur darwaza.
Source: Naimuddin Ibrahim Sheikh, 30-years-old husband of Zarina. Shsh-e-Alam Camp, March 27, 2002. His family migrated from Gulbarga in Karnataka in 1971. Mumtaz, who was among the women who found Zarina noked in the maidan.
**Rape of 13-year-old Yasmin
***Village delol, panchmahals district, March 1, 2002
*
The extended families of Mohammad Bhai and Bhuri Behn-about 20 people-were chased by the mob to the river. Javed and another boy who managed to escape and hid behind a bush saw the mob kill Mohammad Bhai and raped Yasmin. They were about to kill the mother of the other boy who was hiding with him. So he screamed and ran out from behind the bush and was caught. He was made to walk around the dead bodies that were burnt (as if around a pyre) and he was then pushed into the fire.
Source: Women from Delol at Halol Camp, Panchmahals district, March 30, 2002. Javed, Mohammad Bhai’s nephew, had come to Delol to help his uncle. He had narrated this to several of the women Delol. Javed has returned to his village, Desar.
Stripping and brutalizing of an entire family, limkheda village.
Dherol station, hallol taluka, panchmahals district, February 28, 2002.
*
35-year-old Huseena Bibi Yasin Khan Pathan along with her entire extended family of 17 people ran from Limkheda on the morning of February 28th at 7 a.m. they caught the train from Limkheda Station, disembarked at Dherol Station at 10 am. That’s when they encountered the mob. Every one ran helter-sketler and the family got separated. Haseena, her husband, and young daughter managed to run towards Halol. Two children, Farzana (10 years old) and Sikandar (7 years old) escaped into the fields, Four boys – Ayub (age 12), Mushtaq (age 12), Mohsin (age 10) and Shiraz (age 7) managed to hide behind bushes, and witnessed what happened. There was a large crowd. They were wearing pant-shirt and brandishing swords. According to Ayub, the mob caught his sister Afsana and cousins Zebu, Noorjehan, Sitara, Akbar, Rehana, Yusaf, Imran, Khatun (Aunt) and Zareef (brother). They were all stripped naked and made to run towards a nearby canal. That’s the last Ayub saw of them. The bodies turned up charred near the canal the following day. He doesn’t recognize the mob. No FIR has been lodged.
Source:* Ayub, Halol Camp, Panchmahals district. His mother, Haseena Bibi, corroborates the first part of the testimony.
**Activist’s experiences of dealing with rape survivors
***Shah-e-alam relief camp, Ahmadabad.
*
Naseem and Mahmoda, from nearby Millat Nagar, work with Sahrwaru, a voluntary organization. They are presently working at the Shah Alam camp. They testified that many women arrived stark naked at the camp. Men took off their shirts to cover the women’s nakedness. Some could barely walk because of torn genitals a result of gang rapes. While talking to them we met Zubeida Apa, an elderly women who has witnessed girls being gang raped. Her trauma was writ large on her face. We did not dare to rake up her pain by asking her more questions. We were told about Najma Bano who was brought to the camp unconscious, her body covered with bites and nail marks. She was bleeding profusely. Pieces of wood, which had been shoved up her vagina were extricated by the women who dressed her wounds. Najma Bano herself was too traumatized to recount her own story. She say she does not remember anything, except being chased by the men from Gangotri Society. Accounts like these require further follow up.
Source: Naseem and Mewhmooda, Millat Nagar.
**The following testimonies have been taken from documentation supplied to the fact-finding team by Citizen Initiative, Ahmadabad:
***Mas rape and murder
Naroda Patia. February 28, 20026
*By now it was 6.30 in the evening. The mob caught my husband and hit him on his head twice with the sword. Then they threw petrol in his eyes and then burned him. My sister-in-law was stripped and raped. She had a three-month old baby in her lap. They threw petrol on her and the child was taken from her lap and thrown in the fire. My brother-in-law was also struck on the head with the sword and thrown in the fire. We were at the time hiding on the terrace of a building. My mother-in-law was unable to climb the stairs so she was on the ground floor with her four-year-old grandson. She told them to take away whatever money she had but to spare the children. They took away all the money and jewelry, and then burnt the children with petrol. My mother-in-law was raped too. I witnessed all this. Unmarried girls from my street were stripped, raped and burnt. Piercing an iron rod into her stomah killed a 14-year-old girl. The mayhem ended at 2.30 a.m. “ Then the ambulance came and I sat in it along with bodies of my husband and children. I have injury marks on my both my thighs and left hand, which were caused by the police beating. My husband (48 % burns), my daughter (95 % burns) both died in the hospital after there days. The police was on the spot but they were helping the mob. We fell at their feet but they were ordered from above not to help. Since the telephone wires were snapped we could not inform the fire brigad.
***Source: ***Jannat Sheikh, testimony to Citizens Initiatives.
**Bilkees : account of a rape survivor
***Randhikpur village, district dahod7. March 3, 2002
*
Twenty-one-year-old Bikees was five months pregnant. When Muslim houses in her village were attacked on February 28th, by a mob comprising upper caste people from he own village and some outsider, she and several of her family members fled. For two days they ran from village to village. At a mosque near Kuakher, her cousin Shamim, delivered a baby. But there was no repite for them. They had to leave immediately, including Shamim who could barely walk, carrying her newborn baby.
On March 3rd we had started moving towards Panivcla village, which was in a remote and hilly area. Suddenly we heard the sound of a vehicle. A truck came people from our own village and outsiders too. We realized that they had not came to help us. They stopped us and then the madness started. They pulled my baby from my arms and threw her away. The other women and I were taken aside and raped. Three men raped me. I was screaming all the time. They beat me and then left me for dead. When I regained consciousness I found I was alone. All around me were the dead bodies of my family, my baby girl, the newborn baby, their bodies were covered with the rocks and boulders used to kill them. I lay there the whole night and most of the next day. I don’t know when I was conscious and when unconscious. Later I was found by a police squad from Limkheda police station found me. I was taken to the hospital and then brought to the Godhra Camp.
.
**Testimony to AIDWA and Anandi
***Additional facts about the case:
*• Her FIR has been filed and a medical examination done on the insistence of the District collector, jayanti Ravi, even though six-days had passed. Raped has been confirmed.
• She has named the people who killed her family members and those who raped her: Sailesh Bhatt, Mithesh Bhatt, Vijay Maurys, Pradeep Maurya,Lala Vakil, Lala Vakil, Lala Doctor, Naresh Maurya, Jaswant Nai and Govind Nai (the last three gang-raped her)
• Initially all her family members were missing. Her father and husband have been traced to another camp at Dahod and her brother, Saeed, is with her in Dodhra.
.
A Meta-Narrative Of Bestiality
**
**“But what they did to my sister-in-law’s sister Kausar Bano was horrific and heinous. She was 9 months pregnant. They cut open her belly, took out her foetus with a sword and threw it into a blazing fire. Then they burnt her as well.”
Source: Saira Banu, Naroda Patia (recorded at eh Shah-e-Alam Cmap on March 27th, 2002).
During our fact-finding mission, we were to hear this story many times. We read about it in other fact-finding reports.We were told about it by many survivors at he Shah-Alam camp. Sometimes the details would vary – the foetus was dashed to the ground, the foetus was slaughtered with the sword and then thrown into a fire. Each teller of the story owned it. It was as if it was their own story. Were these simply the fevered imaginings of traumatized minds? We think not. Kausar’s story has come to embody the numerous experiences of evil that were felt by the Muslims of Naroda Patia on February 28, 2002. In all instances where extreme violence is experienced collectively, meta-narratives are constructed. Each victim is part of the narrative; their experience subsumed by the collective – a meta- narrative of bestiality; a meta-narrative of helpless victimhood. There are a thousand Kausars.
*Members of the fact-finding team have seen photographic of the burnt bodies of a mother and a foetus lying on the mother’s belly, as if torn from the uterus and left on the gash. We do know if that was Kausar Bano.
*
B. Sexual Violence and the Media
In many ways women have been the central characters in the Gujarat carnage, and their bodies the battleground. The Gujarati vernacular press has been the agent provocateur. The story starts with Godhra, where out of the 58 Hindus burnt, 26 were women and 14 children. But to really arouse the passions of the Hindu mob, death is not enough. Far worse than death is the rape of Hindu woman – for it is in and on the bodies of these women that izzat (honour) of the community is vested. So on February 28th, Sandesh, a leading Gujarati Daily, in addition to reporting the Godhra tragedy in provocative language, also ran a story on Page I saying the following: “ 10-15 Hindu women were dragged away by a fanatic mob from the railway compartment”. The same story was repeated on page 16 with the heading “Mob dragged away 8-10 women in to the slums”. The story was entirely false. The Police denied the incident, and other newspapers, including the Times of India could not find confirmation of this news. A day later, on March 1, 2002 Sandesh carried a follow-up to this false story on Page 16 with the heading – “Out of kidnapped young ladies from Sabarmati Express, dead bodies of two women recovered – breasts of women were cut off.8 Violation of Hindu honour was now compounded by extreme sexual violence and bestiality. Both the abduction and the cutting of breasts were lies – totally baseless stories, which were denied by the Police. The fact-finding team was told that later Sandesh did publish a small retraction, buried in some corner of its pages. But the damage had been done. The murder and rape of Hindu women, emblazoned in banner headlines across the vernacular press became the excuse, the emotional rallying point, and the justification for brutalizing Muslim women and children in ways not ever seen in earlier communal carnages. Unhonne hamari auraton aur bachchon par hamla kiya hai. Badla to lena lena tha (they have attacked our women and children we had to take revenge) – goes the sentiment of the angry Hindu. The newspaper literally became a weapon of war. According to a series of eyewitness accounts from Naroda Patia, the worst affected area in Ahmadabad, the mobs who attacked Muslim shops, homes, and brutalized Muslims women and children, were brandishing in their hands not only swords and stones, but copies of the Sandesh with the Godhra attack as the banner headline, shouting “khoon ka badla khnoon” (blood for blood).
This one false story about the rape and brutalizing of Hindu women: has spread like wildfire across Gujarat, almost assuming proportions of folklore. It now rests easily in the annals of undisputed common knowledge, and cannot be dislodged. Where ever the fact-finding team went, we heard some version of this story, spreading through word of mouth, through the channals of overworked rumour mills-sometimes it was 10 Hindu women raped, sometimes it was 6 Hindu women – but the essential contours remained the same. In one place we heard details like “The Muslims took the Hindu women to their madrase and gang-raped them there. Because the madrase is the site of learning, raping women there projects the perpetrators as truly bestial men to whom nothing is sacred. In another village, “Hindu women” had been replaced by “Adivasi women” and this was given as the justification for Adivasi participation in the attacks on Muslims.
When the fact-finding team met Aziz Tankarvi, editor of Gujarat Today, known to represent the Muslim voice’ He said clearly. “Murder ho jata hai, chot lagti, to aadmi chup sahan kar leta hai, lekin agar maa, behen, beti ke saath ziyadti hoti hai to voh jawaab dega, badla lega.” (When someone is murdered you are hurt. But man can bear it quietly; it is when your mothers and daughters are violated, then he definitely responds, takes revenge). The fact that rape is perceived in this manner (as violating the honor of men, and not the integrity of women) is problematic in and of itself. What is particularly heinous is the fact that the Sandesh newspaper should fabricate stories of sexual violence, and use images of brutalized women’s bodies as a weapon of war; in terrible ways deliberately designed to provoke real violence against women from the Muslim community. What provocative lies a la Sandesh do, is to provide justification for the carnage – both in the minds of the mobs who carry out the violence, and in the minds of the general “Hindu” public which may be far removed from the site of the violence.
Ironically while false stories about the rape of Hindu women have done the rounds, there has been virtual silence in the media, including in the English language papers, about the real stories of sexual violence against Muslim women. Barring Gujarat Today, none of the Gujarati vernacular papers has carried stories about the brutal, bestial ways in which Muslim women were raped and burnt. Even Gujarat Today, despite being sympathetic to the Muslim experience, could only supply us with one clipping where the brutal experience of rape has been written about. The Times of India, since the beginning of the carnage, until April 1, 2002, carried only one story about rape. The excuse was March 8th, International Women’s Day (TOI, 9/3/02, “Women’s Day Means Nothing for Rape Riot Victims”). When members of the fact-finding team spoke to senior journalists in Ahmadabad, their explanation was that rape stories are provocative, and that in early days of the violence, they had to play a socially responsible role, and not incite more violence. But in the weeks that followed, the Press has continued to do self-censorship about rape stories.
We find what yet again Muslim women are being victimized twice over. They have suffered the most unimaginable forms of sexual abuse during the Gujarat carnage. And yet, there is no one willing to tell his or her stories to the world. Women’s bodies have been employed as weapons in this war – either through grotesque image - making or as the site through which to dishonor men, and yet women are being asked to bear all this silently. Women do not want more communal violence. But peace cannot be bought at the expense of the truth, or at the expense of women’s right to tell the world what they have suffered in Gujarat.
Scars On the Mind
Saira age 12, Afsana, age 11, Naina, age 12, Anju, age 12, Rukhsat, age 9, Nilofer, age 10, Nilofer, age 9, Hena, age 11.
They’re all survivors from the horrors of Naroda Patia in Ahmadabad where more then 80 people where burnt alive and many women raped and maimed in what is probably the worst carnage in the current spiral of violence. The girls are young and making sense of what they have seen and heard seems impossible. But they have been scarred for life, their trust in Hindus shatterec. They speak of ‘evil Hindus’. The Hindu who burnt our home. The Hindu who didn’t let us escape.
Some of them have seen with their eyes things no child should see. Others have only heard thing. But they are still things no child should hear. “Hinduon ne bura Kaam Kiya” (Hindus have done ‘bad things’ – a euphemism for rape), they tell us, as their eyes shift uneasily, they look at each other as if seeking silent affirmation of what none of them really comprehended.
*Or, did they?
*“Balatkaar” (Rape) – they know this word. “Mein bataoon Didi” (Shall I tell you?) volunteers a nine-year-old, “Balatkaar ke matlab jab aqurat ko nanga karte hain aur phir use jala deta hain.” (Rape is when a women is stripped naked and then burnt). And then looks fixedly at the floor, only a child can tell it like it is. For this is what happened again and again in Naroda Patia –women were stripped, raped and burnt. Burning has now become an essential part of the meaning or rape.
**Hindus hate us, they say.
**
**Why?
**
Because we celebrate all their festivals – we play Holi, we love patakas at Diwali, but Hindus can’t celebrate our festival, that’s why they’re jealous. So jealous that this year they did not even let us take out Tazia processions (in fact the decision to not allow tazia processions on the 10th of Moharram was taken by the Muslim community itself, for fear of violence)
These girls became friends only in the camp, although they all grew up and lived in Naroda Patia.
Now they will probably share a life – long unspoken bond of victim – hoot. But they are children still. Resilient. Survivors. Their eyes still bright and curious. They even giggle occasionally, as they follow us around Shah-e-Alam, scampering easily over human beings scattered like debries around the relief camp. But will they ever forget? Will Naina, who once had scores of Hindu friends, have them again? Will she trust again?
Venue: Shah – e – Alam Relief Camp, Ahmadabad, Date: March 27, 2002
***South Asian Minority Affairs,
*Gujarat Massacre Isuue
No. 14 Part I
July, 2003
Center For South Asian Stuides
University of te Punjab, Quiad-i-Azam Campus Lahore, Pakistan.