Assalam O Alaikum
Dear Abbas
As far as proving that Hazrat Abu Bakr was the one whom Prophet SAW had selected for the Khalifa after him is very much obvious from the ahadith i had mentioned above, regardless of your approval they stand authentic and true for the Muslims.
Do not try to put your logic in the statements of Allah SWT and Prophet SAW, if Prophet SAW had said they will go to Jannah they will go to Jannah, because what ever Prophet SAW said it was from Allah SWT. And Allah SWT naozobilla does not need your permission to promise someone paradise in their lives.
As you had showed my verses regarding Khalifa after Moses, perhaps you could show me the verse where it says that Hazrat Ali RAA is the Khalifa after Prophet SAW.
Note that my hadith references are stronger than your's, I have given all references from Sahih Bukhari.
Now for continuing the discussion i think there is no way other than to rely on Quran so that we cannot differ. Because the ahadiths i had given were cancelled just because they are bogus. And above all you don't believe your mother, let alone anybody else in the World.
So if you want to continue the discussion lets limit our references to Quran only. I had given some verses in my previous post in which Allah SWT say
49:13
All people in the eyes of God are equal, for the Quran declared: O mankind! We created you from a single (pair) of male and female, and made you into nations and tribes, that Ye may know each other (not that ye may despise each other). Verily the most honored of you in the sight of God is (he who is) most righteous of you. And God has full knowledge and is well acquainted (with all things).
31:33
God does not penalize or reward a servant of His for the sins or good deeds of his parents or his close and distant relatives, as He, states in the Quran: O mankind! Do your duty to your Lord and fear a day when no father can avail aught for his son, nor son avail aught for his father. Verily the promise of God is true: let not then this present life deceive you. Nor let the chief deceiver deceive you about God.
Please limit your proofs / evidences to Quran only.
Thank you
Assalam O Alaikum