::: The Sevener Shias
The division of the Shias into the Twelver and the Sevener sects occurred after their sixth Imam, Jafar al-Sadiq.
At the death of Jafar al-Sadiq in 765 AD,
- the Twelvers made his younger brother, Musa alKazim, their seventh Imam.
- A dissenting group, later called the Seveners, followed the line of Jafar al-Sadiq's direct descendents.
Since War al-Sadiq's own son, Ismail, had predeceased him, the Seveners recognized the new Imam in the son of Ismail named Muhammad al-Mahdi. For this reason the Severner Shias are also referred to as the Ismailis.
The Ismailis developed highly esoteric doctrines around their Imam, which could not be easily understood by the common man. The Ismailis continued to recognize their own Imams for the next 144 years, right through the period of the Abbasid Caliphate. Then in 909 AD, an Ismaili Imam by the name of Ubaydullah overthrew the Aghlabid dynasty centered in Tunis, took on the name of Ubadydullah al-Mahdi and established himself as the first Khalifah of the Fatimid dynasty in North Africa. In this way the institution of Khilafat was also established among the Ismailis.
Then at the death of the Fatimid Khalifah al-Mustansir in 1095 AD, the Ismailis divided into two sects.
- The ones who followed the younger son of al-Mustansir by the name of al-Musta'li who became the next khalifah, are called Musta'lis.
- The others who followed the elder son by the name of al-Nizar who was imprisoned, are called Nizaris.
1) The Nizari Ismailis
The Nizaris took their leader al-Nizar into a mountain fortress and for a number of years led a life of secrecy and terror. They were notorious for carrying out well planned assassinations of their enemies and opponents. In 1817 AD, one Nizari Ismaili Imam was given the title of Agha Khan by Qajar Shah of Iran. This Imam later moved to India where his dais or missionaries had considerable success in converting the local Hindu population to their doctrines. Since then the title of Agha Khan has been retained by the Nizari Ismailis for their Imams.
2) The Musta'ii Bohras
The Musta'lis continued to follow the direct line of al-Musta'li. But the visible line of Musta'li Imams ended in 1130 AD when al-Musta'li's son, al-Amir, died leaving only an infant son by the name of al-Tayyeb. The Fatimid Caliphate continued through the new Khalifah al-Hafiz who was the grandson of al-Mustansir. But since alHafiz and the other Khalifahs that followed him were not in direct line of descent from al-Musta'li, the Musta'li Shias did not recognize them as their Imams.
According to the Musta'li belief, the infant son of al-Amir is in hiding and is considered by them as the invisible Imam. The Musta'lis of Yemen managed to convert large numbers of Hindus in Gujrat, a province in western India. These converts are known in India and Pakistan as Bohras.
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