History of Sunnis in Iran

I found this article to be very interesting. No offence to anyone. It talks about the Sunni history in Iran. Please feel free to share your views on this, without starting a shia-sunni fight. I also request everyone to follow the forum rules and be polite in posting views. We all want to learn. [This article was published in the 24th issue of Nida’ul Islam
magazine (http://islam.com.au), July - August 1998] Chairman of the Ahlus Sunnah Association in Iran, Dr. Abdul Rahman Albaloushy Uncovers


**There is no Sunni director in any of the government authorities, ministries, embassies, or local and provincial governments, hospitals or principalities; not even in the lowest government posts anywhere in Iran. **

Is there a single capital city in the world without a Sunni mosque, with the exception to Tehran -the capital of the Shi’ah-, which has forty Christian churches and a cemetery for the Baha’is.

It is an established fact that Iran was a Sunni nation until the Tenth Century of the Hijri calendar. During this period, Iran produced thousands of scholars in every discipline; the most salient of these facts is that the six most authentic Hadith books (ie. Bukhari, Muslim, Abu Dawood, etc.) were written by scholars from Iran, or scholars who received their education in Iran. However, when the Safawid Shi’ites took control, they established their government on the skulls of the Sunni scholars and jurists. This was one of the reasons for the evacuation of the largest cities that were at the foremost centers of religious sciences, such as Tibriz, Isfahan, Ray, and Tus. There were many Sunni Muslims who were killed, forced into Shi’ism, or compelled to flee to the mountains, leaving Iran as a center for conspiracies against Islam and the Muslims. Fredinand, the ambassador to the Austrian King, remarked: “Had it not been for the Safawids in Iran, we would have been reading the Qur’an this day like the Algerians,” meaning that his nation would have been conquered by the Ottoman Muslims. However, the Safawids conspired with the crusaders and the imperialists to halt the Islamic expansion into France and Vienna.

The Sunni Muslims in Iran number about 15 to 20 million, living mainly in the mountainous and border regions. They are mainly Kurds, Turks, Baluchis, and Arabs. There is also a good number living in the cities.

Condition of Ahlus Sunnah before the revolution in Iran

Ahlus Sunnah hail from non-Persian people. They were regarded as second class citizens under the Shah regime, since they mostly resided in rural areas, as well as the fact that their creed differed from that of the Shi'ah. As the Arabs, Kurds, Baluchis and others of Ahlus Sunnah did not have any role in the idolatrous Persian nationalism, they did not have equal rights socially nor economically with Persians, "The Chosen People"! The Shah regime was secular, non-religious, so it dealt with religions and sects in a similar way. Some of the Ahlus Sunnah scholars have opposed the Shah and his secular regime, and some of these scholars initially sympathised with the Khomeini revolution such as Sheikh Ahmad Mufti Zadah as well as a few others, may Allah forgive them. Sheikh Ahmad Mufti Zadah opposed Khomeini shortly after the revolution. He was arrested and imprisoned for 10 years, even though his sentence was only for five years. He was only released when the authorities felt that he was on the brink of death. I was a witness to the words of Ahmad Mufti Zadah to Khomeini in the latter's house where he said: "Khomeini, you promised me an Islamic republic, however you established a Safawi-Shi'ite republic. Although I believe that I am not permitted to raise arms against you [such was his belief, unfortunately], however, I will fight you politically."

This occurred during the same meeting where my brother Mawlawi Abdul Aziz, may Allah have mercy on him, the representative for Baluchistan in the Authoritative Council, opposed clause 13 of the Iranian constitution, and then resigned from the Council. He later formed, along with Sheikh Zadah, the centralised Consultative Council of Ahlus Sunnah, and held two annual meetings, one in Tehran and one in Baluchistan. Mawlawi Abdul Aziz was also able to obtain a promised allocation of 10,000 square meters of land in Tehran to build a mosque and a centre for Ahlus Sunnah. This promise was given due to internal and external pressures, when the regime was still weak and developing.

This promise, however, was blatantly dishonoured as soon as the regime became stronger. The land allocated for constructing the mosque was confiscated, as well as the offices and bank accounts of the Consultative Council, whose scholars, members and supporters -both men and women- were detained.

The regime continued in its efforts to destroy the infrastructure of Ahlus Sunnah, spreading between their ranks deviations, innovations and acts of Shirk. They unashamedly told the imprisoned students of Sheikh Zadah: "We hoped that you would have taken up arms against us, so we could have had an excuse to uproot you, as we did with the other parties."

The regime then persecuted any person who dared to call for their rights, and punished them with imprisonment or execut, or degrading their character, as was the case with the martyr Bahman Shakoury. Many Sheikhs were imprisoned, exiled, tortured and humiliated, such as the Baluchistan parliamentarian member Mawlawi Nathar Mohammad who was subjected to sever torture and made false confessions under duress, until he escaped and was able to flee to Pakistan. He was not able to get a visa to enter any of the Gulf countries, not even as a labourer. Sheikh Mawlawi Muhyiddin and Sheikh Dost Mohammed Sirawani were also imprisoned, then exiled to the city of Najaf Abad, as well as many other Sheikhs. There is also Sheikh Ibrahim Dammini who continues to be imprisoned and put to torture for more than five years.

Ahlus Sunnah were rewarded under the current sectarian government with a life of dishonor and subjugation, and their situation is far worse -as I have experienced myself- than that of the Muslims in occupied Palestine. Is there a single capital city in the world without a Sunni mosque, with the exception to Tehran -the capital of the Shi'ah-, which has forty Christian churches and a cemetery for the Baha'is. In all, even the infidel minorities have their temples and places of worship and their freedom of worship, yet Ahlus Sunnah are not allowed to build any mosque or cemetery. Khameni stated after the revolution: "all the Persians in the world can look at Iran as their nation", they are, therefore, first class citizens of Iran, even if they were Magians from India. As for us, we must be exiled from our land because neither us nor our parents accepted Shi'ism or Magianism!

The regime planted the seeds of conflict amongst the scholars of Ahlus Sunnah, and strove to deride the character of the notable scholars, replacing them with government servants.

It then instigated internal conflicts between the scholars, the leaders of the community, and the intellectuals to create an environment filled with distrust and insecurity. They also used some of the ignorant people who adhere to supposedly Sunni Tariqats (orders), to attack the scholars of Ahlus Sunnah, especially Sheikh Ahmad Mufti Zadah, labeling him as a Wahhabi, although the Sheikh did not adhere to the Salafi creed.

The regime then aimed at Ahlus Sunnah schools, and tried to influence their curriculums to incorporate Shi'ateachings, labeling anyone who refuses to do so as a Wahhabi, a "crime" punishable by death in Iran! Add to this that many school principles were initially anti-Salafi, which resulted with many pupils being suspended, expelled, and beaten for merely raising their hands in their prayer, or for defending Sheikhul-Islam Ibn Taymiyyah, or Abul 'Ala al-Maududi.

However, the double-faced regime was able, through raising the banner of Islamic unity, to fool many Muslims outside Iran as they ask them to attend their conferences, and transform their way of thinking within a short period of time. They became false witnesses within their own people, beguiling them with what they have been taught about the greatness of Islamic unity, without knowing anything about the plight of Ahlus Sunnah inside Iran. They repeat in all simplicity: "we are brothers, there is no difference between us." Despite the imprisonment of the scholars and the demolished Islamic schools, they go to the grave of Khomeini, which has become a worshipped idol, offering their worship, and placing flowers at this grave. Their stance has misled many young minds and opened the way for them to accept or tolerate Shi'ism. A person is further baffled when he realises the superficiality of these people, their oblivion to the reality and their inability to comprehend the situation. They keep on defending the Rawafidh Shi'ah who are weaving conspiracy after conspiracy against Ahlus Sunnah.

*Current condition of Ahlus Sunnah in Iran? *

Currently, after two decades of the Shiite revolution and the fortification of their rule, they have not secured the rights of the Sunni minority, nor their covenants with them. They began by imprisoning the scholars and the Muslim activists, exiling some, and executing others. They also started to expel Sunni Muslims from government, commerce, and manufacturing posts, and to destroy their infrastructure. I still recall what the Iranian secret service said vengefully to some of the imprisoned Muslim activists: "You are like the large room with large spotlights (the more eminent scholars) and smaller lights (the general scholars), and candles (the general activists); we will first extinguish the large spotlights." This stage has been accomplished as they have killed most of the prominent scholars. "Then we will extinguish the smaller lights"; in this respect many activists have been killed and many others exiled. "Then we will turn the fan to put out the candles." This is an indication of the final stage of forcing people into Shi'ism against their will.

As you can see, the tragedy of Ahlus Sunnah in Iran is unlike any tragedy in the world, considering the nature of the race problem, the falsification of news by the Iranian official press, Government cronies, and the positions of many Muslim movements and activists on the outside who are siding with Iran. Although Muslim minorities everywhere are facing calamities and catastrophes on a large scale, the situation in Iran is further exacerbated under the government of Taqiyya (deceit), lies and hypocrisy, in the name "'unifying' the different sects". Yet it simultaneously slaughters the Sunni scholars and casts their dissected and mutilated corpses into the streets and the garbage dumps. Whereas the plight of Muslims is broadcasted internationally, no TV station or newspaper dares to highlight the case of Sunnis in Iran. Ahlus Sunnah are deprived of their basic civil, social, and human rights, not to mention the right of political participation and equality with the Shi'ah. The erection of a Sunni school or mosque in Iran is regarded as an unpardonable crime. Many Sunni Muslims, who supported such projects (even if it were in the past), were imprisoned, killed, or had their beard shaved for merely contributing to the building of a mosque or to any simple activity relating to Ahlus Sunnah. There are also hundreds of periodical prisoners and many killed purely on suspicion. The following are only some of the names of the prominent scholars who have been kidnapped, poisoned, or killed:

Bahman Shakoury was amongst the prominent scholars of his area, Tonalis, and was active in Da'wah within intellectuals. He was arrested and convicted with Wahhabism and executed in 1986.

Sheikh Mawlawi Abdul Aziz was one of the elite leaders of Ahlus Sunnah who played a prominent role in opposing the Constitution in matters relating to Ahlus Sunnah rights. He was the director of the religious school of Zahdan and the chief of Baluchi armed tribes. He was poisoned in 1987.

Sheikh Abdul Wahhab Khafi played a notable role in exposing the calamities of Ahlus Sunnah outside Iran, especially in Pakistan. He was killed in 1990 under torture after being accused with Wahhabism.

Sheikh Nasser Sabhani was one of the leaders of Sunnah in Kurdistan who conducted many educational courses. He was arrested after refuting the false accusations of kufr directed at Umar (r.a.a) by Khomeini in his famous book 'al-Hukumah al-Islamiah' (The Islamic Government). He was killed in 1992 in prison and his relatives were denied from witnessing his funeral and the prayer.

Dr. Ali Muzhaffaryan was amongst the eminent intellectual Shi'ites who was a cardiac surgeon and the head of Shiraaz Committee of Physicians. He embraced the school of Ahlus Sunnah wa al-Jamma'ah and then converted his house to a mosque because the government of Shiraaz did not permit the establishment of mosques. He was arrested and convicted with Wahhabism and American treachery and tortured severely when many Shi'ite youth followed him into Sunnism. He was later released only to be assassinated in 1992.

Moreover, the following are some of Ahlus Sunnah's mosques and Islamic schools that were destroyed:

  • Al-Sunnah mosque in Ahwaz. The first Sunni mosque to be confiscated before twar with Iraq. It was transformed to a security police centre.

  • South of Tehran. The second Sunni mosque to be confiscated was in 1982.

  • Tareeth Ham mosque. This mosque is in the state of Kharasan. It was transformed to a centre for the revolutionary guard.

  • School and mosque of Lakour. It is situated near the city of Jabahar in Baluchistan state. The government demolished the mosque and the school in 1987 under the accusation that it was a center for Wahhabis.

*Al-Sunnah mosque in Shiraz. Confiscated after the murder of Dr. Muzaffar Ban who founded it, and transformed to a centre for selling video and audio tapes produced by the revolutionary guard.

*Sheikh Faydh mosque. This is an ancient Sunnah mosque in Mashhad, one of the main Shi'ah centres of the world. The government could not tolerate the continued existence of this mosque in the city, so it demolished it in 1993, under the supervision of the revolutionary guard, who also demolished adjoining centres which were used as guest houses and Qur'an memorisation centres. The demolition orders came from Khameni personally, the present spiritual leader of Iran. What is amazing is the fact that the demolition of this mosque occurred immediately after the government- sponsored demonstrations against the demolition of the Babary Mosque in India by the Hindus.

*Ahlus Sunnah School, Talish. The government confiscated the Ahlus Sunnah school at Talish -North-West of Iran. Sheikh Quraishy, the principal of the school was also arrested and alleged confessions were obtained from him under torture.

*Aaban mosque Mashhad city. They confiscated the land, demolished the walls, and expelled the trustee.
Repair of roads. They also repair the roads from time to time, eg. in the city of Zahdan, in order to demolish Sunnah houses, mosques and schools in the name of alleged reconstruction.

*Representation of Ahlus Sunnah in the various government posts in Iran such as parliament, ministries, etc? *

Ahlus Sunnah, who compose approximately one third of the Iranian population, have in all honesty no representation at all. In fact, the situation has reached a stage of oppression and deprivation where Ahlus Sunnah no longer contest these posts and are satisfied with looking to satiate their food needs withoubeing prosecuted. There is no Sunni director in any of the government authorities, ministries, embassies, or local and provincial governments, hospitals or principalities; not even in the lowest government posts anywhere in Iran. There are some Sunni parliamentarians just like in most Middle Eastern countries, however, these are token positions so that the common people can be fooled. Before a person's political nomination is accepted in Iran, he must be approved, by law, by the security agencies which naturally reject any Sunni activist, even if this person was to somehow attempt to appease them. These agencies employ the lowest form of people, and the most vile. This means that even if someone was elected by the people, the council has the right to ostracise him from Government. So of what use is such a parliament, especially with respect to the Sunni parliamentarian who does not have a party to protect him? Even if he obtained such a post, what could he possibly offer his people? The whole council therefore has no practical value. This is supported by Khomeini's address to Mawlawi Abdul Aziz after the Iranian revolution: "We do not have a shura process, the principle with us is that the Imam rules, and imitators follow suit. We took the idea of a council from your creed, for this reason, you will not find any value placed on a council." This is a great shame. Whilst we are living in the twentieth century, we find a third of the population of a nation deprived of their most basic rights. Is there any other country on the face of the earth which prevents its people from choosing names like Umar, A'ishah, Hafsah, Abu Bakr, Zubair, or most of the names of the companions amongst the ten foretold of Paradise?

Abul 'Ala al-Maududi.

[/QUOTE]

Great Scholar.

what the hell is the point? its still probably not as bad as the condition of shias in saudia

i went for umrah..couldnt even pray like we are suppose too..condition is so bad that ppl have to keep majalis secret

[QUOTE]
*Originally posted by Sheraz CT: *
what the hell is the point? its still probably not as bad as the condition of shias in saudia

i went for umrah..couldnt even pray like we are suppose too..condition is so bad that ppl have to keep majalis secret
[/QUOTE]

Its not just you with the praying part. But do you want 70 types of adhaans there.For every kind of race/culture.
So your answer is If they are doing it, than Its legal for everybody else.
Ghalat tu ghalat hee. Chayee kis part of the world mee huu.

Peace......

[QUOTE]
*Originally posted by rehman1: *

Ghalat tu ghalat hee. Chayee kis part of the world mee huu.

Peace......
[/QUOTE]

true

Very good threads by Islamabad, it is true nobody realize that one third of Iranian are sunnis. Reading all those threads, one can easily pin point the rule of Iran in Afghanistan civil war during Taliban period and defeat of Taliban from northern alliance. The role of Iran in Kashmir dispute and their relation with India. One thing is still puzzling about the help from Sunni majority Pakistan to Iran regarding nuclear technology and help to americans in getting rid of Saddam Hussain.

[QUOTE]
Originally posted by Nai Hajrut: *
one can easily pin point the **rule
* of Iran in Afghanistan civil war during Taliban period and defeat of Taliban from northern alliance.
[/QUOTE]
I assume you mean "role" and not "rule", though it can be a faux pas :-)

The rest is a bit of a political discussion (re: nuclear weapons and Saddam).

Anyway, in my view, neither Iran nor Saudi Arabia are poster children for how an Islamic government should treat her citizens with a different faith/religion or view point. And being so big and significant amongst all the muslim countries, this is a sad reality - reality nevertheless. I hope things get better, with time and with knowledge.

I hope things get better and Muslims get away from extremism and forge greater unity. Current conditions are sad. It is also perplexing to see how Iran played a role against Pakistan's interest in Afghanistan, its relations with India, its supression of Sunnis in Iran, its involvement in Pakistan's internal affairs and its politics during Hajj in the Holy land.

I never heard the 30% Iranian population being Sunni, but the figure I normally hear is 10-15% (still a very sizeable minority)

[QUOTE]
*Originally posted by Islamabad: *
It is also perplexing to see how Iran played a role against Pakistan's interest in Afghanistan
[/QUOTE]

That was driven by the different foreign policy goals of Pakistan and Iran in Afghanistan. Pakistan wanted stability in Afghanistan at any cost, therefore supported the Taliban once it appeared that the Taliban would be able to bring an end to the Afghan war.

Iran's foreign policy was to protect the Afghan Shias from any form of repression.

The two countries' goals were incompatible, therefore it was inevitable for them to play a role against each other in Afghanistan.

Of course... Iran must be laughing now. Their side, still openly backed by them, was on the winning side against the Taliban and yet manages to still act independently of Washington (the warlord who's in Iran's pocket keeps getting bad press for not embracing American control ;))

By the way, tonight I'll ask my Sunni Iranian friend (who was in fact born in Tehran) whether or not it's true about there not being any Sunni mosques there.

[QUOTE]
*Originally posted by mAd_ScIeNtIsT: *
By the way, tonight I'll ask my Sunni Iranian friend (who was in fact born in Tehran) whether or not it's true about there not being any Sunni mosques there.
[/QUOTE]

also ask him how bad the situation really is for the sunnis in iran..thanks

I wish you wouldnt post these loooooooooong copy/paste threads… just makes you wanna :yawn: and leave!

:yawn: and leave :slight_smile:

^ so when will u open a thread about the problems shias are facing in saudia?

[QUOTE]
*Originally posted by Sheraz CT: *
^ so when will u open a thread about the problems shias are facing in saudia?
[/QUOTE]

Why don't you find something and open one. I will be happy to participate in it. Extremism is bad whether in Iran, Saudi Arabia or Pakistan.

[QUOTE]
*Originally posted by Islamabad: *

Why don't you find something and open one. I will be happy to participate in it. Extremism is bad whether in Iran, Saudi Arabia or Pakistan.
[/QUOTE]

but why cant u find it urself? why did you just choose iran only? extremism is bad and that should have been the title of your thread..you got something against the shias my dear friend?

Sheraz bhai jaan... you are unwilling to do any work yourself, haan? :-)

Thats ok. I guess, we can all agree that suppressing minorities is bad. Whether we use Iran as a posterchild to start a discussion or Saudi Arabia, its just a start. There have been countless posts on GUPSHUP which trash Saudi Arabia's track record on suppressing minorities, so its not like anyone treats Saudi government as a sacred cow and don't criticize it.

If any of you find anything which you think is worth a discussion, please feel free to post it here. We are all looking for positive debates on topics of interest.

Jazak Allah