Re: History of Pakistan
The early Melluhans were illiterate. During later phases they established sea links with the world. This was the first time they came in contact with educated Mesopotamians/Sumerians. Cultural exchanges with them necessitated the need of a written language. They did not borrow the language from the Sumerians. They had already been using some symbols, now they reused them (symbols) to give them a system of writing.
Re: History of Pakistan
Its strange that Kot Diji is famous for (get attention for) the Fort built in 1785 by Talpurs. The status of Kot Diji being connected to Indus Valley Civilisation for more than 5000 years is not well known like Moen Jo Daro.
Re: History of Pakistan
The early Melluhans were illiterate. During later phases they established sea links with the world. This was the first time they came in contact with educated Mesopotamians/Sumerians. Cultural exchanges with them necessitated the need of a written language. They did not borrow the language from the Sumerians. They had already been using some symbols, now they reused them (symbols) to give them a system of writing.
What is the reason behind this conclusion when language of Indus Valley has not been deciphered? I mean is there any evidence that they didn't borrow it from Mesopotamia.
Re: History of Pakistan
Re: History of Pakistan
Basically in the beginning it seems as if there was no written language, only some sort of symbols. When the Indus people started sea trade with other countries (like Mespotamia) they began structuring their language. Even during those times a Melluhan interpreter was necessary to explain to the Mesopotamians what the tablets meant. 
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Re: History of Pakistan
Interesting. Is the writer discuss Sower/Sopher alongwith Sindh? As Hindu Shastra have references to both Sindh and Sower alongwith Sibbi.
Re: History of Pakistan
Interesting. Is the writer discuss Sower/Sopher alongwith Sindh? As Hindu Shastra have references to both Sindh and Sower alongwith Sibbi.
Whats Sower/Sopher?
Re: History of Pakistan
Whats Sower/Sopher?
name of area in / surrounding Sindh. A theory say that Sower is Saraiki belt ( sower finally became Saraiki)
Re: History of Pakistan
The initial urbanization of Indus Valley took place to the West of Indus River, Mehr Garh (Kacchi Plains), Rahman Dheri (Gomal Plain) and Bannu. Then a sudden push took place East (of River Indus). The beginning is in Rahman Dheri (which needs to be further excavated and documented). Moenjodaro is an important site but its lower levels have to be excavated. Kot Diji presents an important insight into the transformation to the mature urban phase. This change is fully documented in Harrapa. The most important point of early Harrapan phase is its widest extent in the whole of Punjab, from Taxila and Mianwali to East Punjab and Kalibangan.
Re: History of Pakistan
name of area in / surrounding Sindh. A theory say that Sower is Saraiki belt ( sower finally became Saraiki)
Yes he has briefly talked about Sauvira (which he believes is today's Saraiki). Maybe he'll go into details later.
Re: History of Pakistan
The initial urbanization of Indus Valley took place to the West of Indus River, Mehr Garh (Kacchi Plains), Rahman Dheri (Gomal Plain) and Bannu. Then a sudden push took place East (of River Indus). The beginning is in Rahman Dheri (which needs to be further excavated and documented). Moenjodaro is an important site but its lower levels have to be excavated. Kot Diji presents an important insight into the transformation to the mature urban phase. This change is fully documented in Harrapa. The most important point of early Harrapan phase is its widest extent in the whole of Punjab, from Taxila and Mianwali to East Punjab and Kalibangan.
lols, I also took a book from my Study. Its called 'Sindh Sadiyan Kha'. Sindh through centuries - containing articles and research work that was presented during a conference in 1975. This book contains articles from Ahmed hasan Dani too. There is a chapter called 'Excavation at Kachi and Pirak' dealing with archeology of the area near Sibbi
Re: History of Pakistan
lols, I also took a book from my Study. Its called 'Sindh Sadiyan Kha'. Sindh through centuries - containing articles and research work that was presented during a conference in 1975. This book contains articles from Ahmed hasan Dani too. There is a chapter called 'Excavation at Kachi and Pirak' dealing with archeology of the area near Sibbi
kachhi plains are very important in the indus valley civilization. As its here that it all began.
Re: History of Pakistan
According to the writer the way the roads have been setup in mohan Jo daro it seems as if carts/chariots passed through its streets. It seems it was an important city, it could well have been the capital of Indus Valley with regional capitals in other places.
Re: History of Pakistan
Specialty of roads is that each road is broad and every road cuts the other in right angles. Windows open inside gully not towards the main road. Calculation unit is 16, like 16annas of modern day. Availability of Swastika, Yagya Kunda, Seal of Pashupati (Shiva) means Ancient hinduism interacted with it very closely :)
Re: History of Pakistan
Specialty of roads is that each road is broad and every road cuts the other in right angles. Windows open inside gully not towards the main road. Calculation unit is 16, like 16annas of modern day. Availability of Swastika, Yagya Kunda, Seal of Pashupati (Shiva) means Ancient hinduism interacted with it very closely :)
Hinduism came later, and its natural that it would have picked a few things from the Indus Valley civilisation.
Re: History of Pakistan
Hinduism came later, and its natural that it would have picked a few things from the Indus Valley civilisation.
It is not Hinduism as such, more of the continuation of practices as the religion evolved to what we know as Hinduism. Hinduism did not suddenly appear out of no where.
Re: History of Pakistan
How do you know for sure that indus valley is Meluhha? It is still speculation and not an established fact. The proposal that IVC is Meluhha is tied to the theory that dravidians are the original IVC people. Finnish scholars Asko and Simo Parpola identify Meluhha (earlier variant Me-lah-ha) from earlier Sumerian documents with Dravidian mel akam “high abode” or “high country”. Many items of trade such as wood, minerals, and gemstones were indeed extracted from the hilly regions near the Indus settlements. They further claim that Meluhha is the origin of the Sanskrit mleccha, meaning “barbarian, foreigner”.[SUP][2]](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meluhha#cite_note-2)[/SUP]Earlier texts (c. 2200 BC) seem to indicate that Meluhha is to the east, suggesting either the Indus valley or India. Sargon of Akkad was said to have “dismantled the cities, as far as the shore of the sea. At the wharf of Agade, he docked ships from Meluhha, ships from Magan.”
However, much later texts documenting the exploits of King Assurbanipal of Assyria (668–627 BC), long after the Indus Valley civilization had ceased to exist, seem to imply that Meluhha is to be found somewhere near Egypt, in Africa.[SUP][3]](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meluhha#cite_note-3)[/SUP]
There are scholars today who confidently identify Meluhha with the Harappan Civilization on the basis of the extensive evidence of trading contacts between Sumer and this region. Sesame oil was probably imported from the Indus valley into Sumer: the Sumerian word for this oil is illu (Akkadian: ellu). In Dravidian languages of South India el or ellu stands for sesame.[SUP][1]](Meluhha - Wikipedia)[/SUP] Meluhha - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia So the whole think is still a speculation and not an established fact. Because going by this , South Indian people are the decedents of IVC and not Pak or the rest of India 
Re: History of Pakistan
The people of Indus Valley were buried, along with their belongings and food. Their resting aces even had toilets, it seems as if the people believed in some sort of life after death.
Re: History of Pakistan
The proof of the people of Indus Valley being melluhas has been found from Mesopotamia.
Re: History of Pakistan
The proof of the people of Indus Valley being melluhas has been found from Mesopotamia.
The records that were found are not substantial proof to connect Indus Valley with Meluhha. See the link I provided. It is still theory and speculation not established fact even if we use mesopetomian texts.
