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*European Council for Fatwa and Research *
The issue of pictures is subject to an old difference of opinion amongst the scholars that is due to their differing interpretation of what has been narrated from the Prophet pbuh regarding this matter. There are those who have gone so far as to prohibit the making or acquiring of all forms of pictures and these are in the minority. There is also those who prohibited all picture making of man or animal without any exception. This is has also been a minority through out the centuries.
Most of the scholars, however, are against making and acquiring pictures for both humans and animals, with the exception being made for children’s toys and those which are not glorified such as those made in carpets, curtains and the like. This opinion is held by a number of the Prophet’s companions as well as many other scholars. Their reasons being that the Prophet pbuh confirmed Aishah to play with children’s dummies, when she was still young. He also used to pray while a partition was in front of him with a bird’s picture drawn on it, and all he asked was for it to be moved side ways as it was distracting him while in prayer, and he also used to rest on a cushion made by Aisha which had pictures on it.
Picture making, in ancient times, used to consist of what man made by hand such as statutes, drawings and carvings and as such there were two opinions held by two groups of scholars. The first group prohibited pictures in statute (or three dimensional) forms and allowed all others, while the second group prohibited all forms of picture making leaving the only exceptions being those described in the above paragraph, ie children’s toys and those made in carpets, curtains and the like.
When mechanised picture making became available, people where confused whether to make it part of the general picture making and which was prohibited according to the Prophet’s Traditions, or those who say that: this form of picture making is not of man’s own innovation, ie it is no more than man capturing by means of machine a picture of that which Allah has created, as the reasons behind the prohibition of making pictures is not to make similar to what Allah has created.
The strongest position which we advocate and which we see as closest to the intentions of Allah and His Prophet pbuh is that the making of three-dimensional representation is not allowed except where it is used as an educational tool or children’s toys. So far as other forms of drawn pictures we do not see any harm in them, particularly where they serve a useful purpose.
Automated static and motion pictures can be more clearly addressed, for in addition to the fact that they are not three dimensional, man also has no part in the picture creation it self. [Hence it is lawful].
The enquirer should know that there is a difference between the making and the acquiring of pictures. The rule governing picture making is already detailed above. So the rules regarding the acquiring of pictures is that such practice is basically lawful in all that is allowed to be made, except where it becomes glorified, like idols for worship, or used for corrupting purposes such as pornography.
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"I put my trust in Allah, my Lord and your Lord! There is not a moving creature, but He has a grasp of its forelock. Verily, my Lord is on the straight path. (The truth)"
(11:55-56)
"...Indeed my prayer, my sacrifice, my living and my dying are for Allaah, the Lord of the worlds" (6:162)