effect of mongol invasion of islamic countires

Society Religion & Philosophy
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this inforamtion never heard
or mentioned or the devastation it caused.

Politically and economically, the Mongol invasions were disastrous. Some regions never fully recovered and the Muslim empire, already weakened by internal pressures, never fully regained its previous power. The Mongol invasions, in fact, were a major cause of the subsequent decline that set in throughout the heartland of the Arab East. In their sweep through the Islamic world the Mongols killed or deported numerous scholars and scientists and destroyed libraries with their irreplaceable works. The result was to wipe out much of the priceless cultural, scientific, and technological legacy that Muslim scholars had been preserving and enlarging for some five hundred years
http://www.islamicity.org/Mosque/IHAME/Sec11.htm

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If I'm correct, about ** 6 MILLION ** Muslims were slaughtered.

Anyone with an accurate estimate ?

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It is true that Mongols caused a lot of trouble for Muslim state in Baghdad. They destroyed a lot of libraries and it has been noted that one of the river in Baghdad was darkened as books were written in ink. You might have heard of some famous scientists name especially Avicena (ibn-e-sina [son of sina]) whose books were taught until last century in Europe.

Strange thing is that these Mongols caused so much disaster but later on converted to Islam and Islam spread due to them in the Central Asian republics. In fact, one of the son of Ganges Khan had converted to Islam as well.

I don't have any figures as to how many people died but it sure was a bad time in Muslim history.

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[quote]
Originally posted by khan_sahib:
*Strange thing is that these Mongols caused so much disaster but later on converted to Islam and Islam spread due to them in the Central Asian republics. *
[/quote]

Ok, I may not be very accurate with the information, but I think Islam had reached Central Asia before the Mongol invasions (The Turks, who are originally from the same area, many of them had become Muslim).

However, the Mongol-Turks (they are closely related people) took Islam to parts of European Russia - like Tatarstan. (which is close to Moscow).

Some light on the Turks - The original Turks come from Mongolia or the neighbouring area.
Qazaqstan, Qirghizstan, Uzbekistan and Turkmenistan are all Turks.
The Muslim Turks then conquered many other areas - including modern day Turkey, and ** TURKIFIED ** the Europeans of modern day Turkey.

Likewise, they Turkified a lot of other races - like the Tatars, Meshketian, Azeris etc.

** Bluebell ** - How far am I accurate ??

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quite far but i would like to tell u that most of the turks today in turky are from Central Asia/caucas region. Azeris were turks long before as well. Here i would like to present a link from a turkish governmwnt site.
http://www.mfa.gov.tr/grupc/ca/cab/default.htm

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Most people of Turkey are a misture of the slavic and turkic peoples. They dont even look like the original turks. However, even in central Aisa, turks look different dependingf on their ethnicity. Turkomans dont look much like the kazakh turks who are ohysically very close to mongols. Turkomans, are better classifed as Turko-Iranian people. Like wise, Uzbeks and Uighurs also differentiate between themselves and others...

[This message has been edited by Sultan Toora (edited April 18, 2002).]

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Has anyone seen the photo of the great Sultan who conquered Conatantinople. How did he look like??

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he had a prominent convex nose, sharp eyes, a mustache and a cool beard and wore a turban.

Thus, spake the Sword...

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and didnt look mongol.. A very brave muslim indeed.

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[quote]
Originally posted by reza khan:
and didnt look mongol.. A very brave muslim indeed.
[/quote]

Sultan Muhammad. (Known as "Fatih" - "The Conqueror).

Have you seen the animated movie : Fatih ? Watch it, it's really good.

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the central asia was not a majorly Muslim area at the time of Abbasid caliphate in Baghdad. there were muslims.. but not that many.

Islam spread in the central asia due to the conversion of the Mongol leaders.

Genghis Khan (or Changez as desis' call him) split his empire in three - the largest one for the eldest son and two others for the younger ones.. the smaller two subserviant to the larger one but independent.

one of these was ruled by the son of Ghengis Khan whose offspring converted to Islam.. and slowly the people converted too..

In time these people created the Ottoman empire. Once the Europeans started sailing around the Horn of Africa the Ottomans realised they could not protect the way to Makkah, Medina and Jerusalem - which were governed by the Fatimids/ Ayubids/ Mamluks - and walked into these areas and defeated/ got rid of the mamluks - then claimed themselves to be Caliphate in 1517.

so the Mongol Invasion did destroy the society and the libraries and what nots.. but it brought a huge number of people to the light of Islam.

It was the defeat of a government but the victory of the religion... bittersweet.

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They were described as the scourge of God by the Europeans and had a similiar effect on this culture as well. They probably had the most effect on the world, even to this day.

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[quote]
Originally posted by Khoon-e-Shaheed:
** Sultan Muhammad. (Known as "Fatih" - "The Conqueror).

Have you seen the animated movie : Fatih ? Watch it, it's really good.

**
[/quote]

I have watched that movie, brother. He was really a brave a nd special muslim indeed. Do you know why Sultan Muhammad conqured Istanbul. Because there was a hadis "How a good man who will conquer Istanbul and his army" After hearing this hadis Sultan Muhammad aimed his life to conquer there. He entered secretly Istanbul with dressing like a ordinary citizen before conquering there to discover Istanbul. He said "I could travel the streets of Istanbul with close eyes before conquiring there".

He was also a inventor and invented howitzer cause the castle of Istanbul was the most strong in world at that time which was besiegd 27 times in history before him by different nation but never could be conquered. He also established castle near Istanbul(RUMELIHSAR)to prevent europan countries help byzantine. he worked like a ordinary soldier nad carried stone. While they asked "you are sultan why are you carring a stone? He said "The biggest sultans of all sultans Hz Muhammad (saw)carried stones in Madina, I am a member of his ummah only." Also he drawed the plan of castle by himself. When you look the casle with bird's-eye view to castle Ýt is readen as MUHAMMAD coz Fatýh was really a lover of Hz Muhammad (SAW)

He was trained by the most famous religious ulema who was also sciencemen at that times. he was knowing 7 foreign languages and was a famous poem. All sultans in ottoman was trained specialised in a profesion, so that he was speciallized at alchemy. He was only 21 years old when he conqured Istanbul.

As soon as he entered Istanbul he proclaimed that all ppl in Istanbul will be safe and want them not to go out Istanbul and give independence to all churches, he called the artists, philosephers, writers from Italy to his palace and used them to get Istanbul an intelligient city. He only toched one church (I mean he did it a mosque, he buyed them from christians with his special money and donated to ummah and bequeathed "Anymore AYASOPHIA is the common property of Ummah, The one who will change it again from mosque, I will curse him" But sadly it was coverted to a museum in 1920ss again to get europans happy at that time. In the first pray in AYASOPHIA aksemseddin who was teacher of Fatýh muhammad said that only a person who did not abondon his pray once in his life can be first imam of this mosque (who did not need to pray kaza namaz). Every one looked each other than it was understood that only Fatýh muhammad prayed all his namaz in time and he was the first imam(actually fatýh was also the imam of ottoman soldiers in war times)

Actually fatýh's dad who was sultan before fatýh tried hard to conquer Istanbul due to the hadis I mentioned above. His teacher(all sultans had a teacher who was also hodja, sheikh, sufi and scholar ulema) HADJI BAIRAM said to him "No you will not be able to conquer ýstanbul, These two small children will conquer Istanbul pointed to Fatih who was child at that momnet and to AKSEMSEDDÝN who was disciple oF hadjý bairam and became scholar of fatýh later.

Lately, I personally I do not participate the opinion that turks in turkey are mixture of slavs and turks. Coz slavs were ortodox christians and turks were muslims which were very enemy each other. There happened no intermarry with slavs. Actually since Babur shah, ghaznavi mahmood are considered as our ancestors in our lessons (Turks were derived from mughals and relations with mongolia)we have a lot pakistani blood more than slavs. aLL turks carry a bit pakistani blood since our ancestors came here from central asia, afghanistan, caucasia and india). So that Pakistani brothers are more close to turks than orthodox slavs). As yu see turks and pakistanis have too much common properties. May be turks married only with muslim bosnians who some historicians regarded them as slav but most bosnians deny this). Also actually a lot of turk tribes were blonde like KIPCAKs it is normal to be different apparence for some turks to have different from other turks.

reza also thanx for the site youmentioned I learned usefull historical knowledge from there.

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[quote]
Originally posted by blackzero:

.

In time these people created the Ottoman empire. Once the Europeans started sailing around the Horn of Africa the Ottomans realised they could not protect the way to Makkah, Medina and Jerusalem - which were governed by the Fatimids/ Ayubids/ Mamluks - and walked into these areas and defeated/ got rid of the mamluks - then claimed themselves to be Caliphate in 1517.

[/quote]

I did not think this way before. Thanx, a cool cooment which was seen to much logical to me.

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I think the hadith was (Not 100% sure) that who conquers Qostanttunia will InshaAllh be given the prize of Jannat.( Basharat-e-Jannat).

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[quote]
Originally posted by reza khan:
I think the hadith was (Not 100% sure) that who conquers Qostanttunia will InshaAllh be given the prize of Jannat.( Basharat-e-Jannat).
[/quote]

Thanx for warning brother, actually I could not translate due to my lack english. If anyone can find this hadis and show it's source I will be indeed glad.

Due to this hadis many muslim troops tried hard to conquer (like Amavis) For ex a famous sahaba EYUP AL ANSAR (ra) (who hosted Hz. Muhammad (saw) n Madima first when he hijrat from makka)) came Istanbul in emevi troops but he got martyed. In this hadis also the troops who would conquer Istanbul were praised so that he wanted to be a member of this troop.

One more thing Fatih was going ýtaly to conquer so that he will enter all other parts of europa easily (he succeded all his wars) but ýn the way he died coz of a sudden illness but some historicians said that it was assassination done by his doctors, he was poisoned. This is really a destiny. ýf he could complete his military expedition may be he could have conqured all europa so that europa would become muslim(Allah knows the best).

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Insha Allah. Yaqeenan.