Re: does this Nullify Nikah?
Brother, calling ‘your wife’ … ‘your mother’ do not invalidate nikah neither renewal of nikah is required. Ayah you quoted (58:2):
Quran 58:2 … If any men among you divorce their wives by Zihar (calling them mothers), they cannot be their mothers: None can be their mothers except those who gave them birth. And in fact they use words (both) iniquitous and false: but truly Allah is one that blots out (sins), and forgives (again and again).
Says that calling someone ‘your Mother’ who is ‘your wife’ does not make your wife become your mother … and thus nikah do not get invalidated … but calling your wife as your mother with intention of divorces is sin (a practice of Jahiliyah that Allah forbids).
That is why Allah says that Allah is blotter of all sins and can forgive this sins too … further, Allah mentioned kuffarah for this sin (58:3 and 58:4) … so it is clear that ‘Zihar’ is not divorce, as divorce is not sin neither kuffarh is needed to end divorce, just approach wife within certain period ends divorce.
In days of jahiliya … Men used to divorce their wife by calling them mother (called ‘Zihar’)… as to them, it used to invalidate nikah. Quran made such type of divorce invalid, and made the act where one intend to divorce his wife by calling her mother, an act of sin.
Anyhow, for Muslim who would like to go back on the words they uttered (called his wife as his mother) … or to clear the sin they have committed … they have to do kuffarah (mentioned in ayah 58:3 and further in ayah 58:4).
Note: Not to go back to their wife (as one has not divorced his wife by calling her mother), **but **to go back on the words they uttered (calling ‘their wife’ ‘their mother’ with intention to divorce … hence committing sin due to that intention) … kuffarah becomes obligatory on them.
Quran 58:3 … But those who divorce their wives by Zihar, then wish to go back on the words they uttered,- (It is ordained that such a one) should free a slave before they touch each other: Thus are ye admonished to perform: and Allah is well-acquainted with (all) that ye do.
Quran 58:4 … And if any has not (the wherewithal), he should fast for two months consecutively before they touch each other. But if any is unable to do so, he should feed sixty indigent ones, this, that ye may show your faith in Allah and His Messenger. Those are limits (set by) Allah. For those who reject (Him), there is a grievous Penalty.