Re: Does Evil Exists?
The concept of evil is highly subjective to many, unless one considers evil from a perspective of universalism (i.e. objective/"the same everywhere," morality). Concerning the Islamic standard where one's moral code is determined by the dogma from an outside (not internal), source (authority and social-order maintaining orientation), this falls within the category of universalism.
Evil stems from God, because everything stems from God. Though it may be people who perpetrate evil acts, that ability (and thus their abilities to commit such acts), are solely bestowed by God. Natural disasters are not traditionally considered evil, as they are born from non sentient substances-- therefore they cannot suggest any intent (so it can't be good or evil).
However, the concept of free will and thus the will to commit "evil," acts is complicated as we are products of our socialization. We do not choose where we are born, what community we are born into, or how we are raised. These factors shape our outlook and even the ways in which we approach situations. Even our biases are not solely our own.
Furthermore, free will (apart from what I spoke on prior), can be dictated by a system of pro's and con's. Con's being suffering, pro's being preventing or relieving suffering. Is it really your choice if you choose to stop watching your favorite tv show to get up and pray? One weighs the consequences of both actions-- "If I get up to pray I will miss the season finale of my show and become very agitated when I have to wait for the rerun/I won't be able to discuss it when the topic arises in my social circle," to "If I do not pray I will feel guilty/I will suffer in the afterlife." Whichever action is deemed to incur the least suffering one will naturally take. Don't forget though, we must also consider that suffering is not relegated solely to physical suffering.
The concept of "testing," is negated at this point as God is omniscient. If he knows the answer, then the test is irrelevant. Furthermore, any justification that it teaches us something is shaky as we do not choose our emotional responses or our motivations (they are ingrained from our biology and our social conditioning) to commit these acts or not to.
If we consider God to be the end all be all of everything, then we must consider that God IS everything. As such, God is light and dark, "good," and "evil."