ASALAM-U-ALAIKUM
OKAY, So lets start with your first question about equality regarding men and women in the Islamic point of view.
Quran reveals to mankind the desired equality of the two sexes by establishing the same ethical obligations and rewards for women and men.
And who so does good works, whether male or female, and he (or she) is a believer, such will enter Paradise and they will not be wronged the dint in a date-stone. (4:124)
Whosoever does right, whether male or female, and is a believer, him verily We shall quicken with good life, and We shall pay them a recompense according to the best of what they do. (16:97)
If Allah subhanahu wa ta'ala had not deemed the two sexes of equal status and value, such explicit statements of their equality in ethical obligations and rewards would not have been made in the Quran.
The Quran is not less clear in commanding equality for men and women in its directives regarding religious obligations and rewards. It states:
Lo! Men who surrender unto Allah, and women who surrender, and men who believe and women who believe, and men who obey and women who obey, and men who speak the truth and women who speak the truth, and men who persevere (in righteousness) and women who persevere and men who are humble and women who are humble, and men who give aims and women who give alms, and men who fast and women who fast, and men who guard their modesty and women who guard (their modesty), and men who remember Allah and women who remember-Allah hath prepared for them forgiveness and a vast reward. (33:35)
If a woman commits a civil offence, the Quran tells us, woman's penalty is no less or no more than that of a man in a similar case (24:2). If she is wronged or harmed, she is entitled to compensation just like a man. The verse is :
"The woman and the man guilty of fornication, flog each one of them with a hundred stripes, and let not any pity for them restrain you in regard to a matter prescribed by Allah, if you believe in Allah and the last Day, and let a section of the believers witness the punishment inflicted on them"
This clearly shows that Islam doesn't imply different teachings for sexes, Infact both sexes have to follow the same rules, and teachings.
The Holy Quran emphasises that God in His perfect wisdom has created all species; as is said:
"O mankind, be mindful of your duty to your Lord, Who created you from a single soul and form it created its mate and from the two spread many men and women." (4:2)
"He it is Who has created you from a single soul and made there from its mate, so that the male might incline towards the female and find comfort in Her." (7:190)
"Of His signs it is that He has created mates for you of your on kind that you may find peace of mind through them, and He has put love and tenderness between you. In that surely are Signs for a people who reflect." (30:22)
These verses show that the Holy Quran has given woman the same status which has been given to man as the Holy Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon Him) said:
"All people are equal, as equal as the teeth of a comb. There is no claim of merit of an Arab over a non-Arab, or of white over a black person, or of a male over a female. Only God-fearing people merit a preference with God."
Now yor second Question "provide the verses from the Quran which supports your position that Islam teaches us (muslims) to be merciful towards fellow human-beings, specially those who are non-muslims."
The Holy book addresses the Messenger in the following words:
"And most certainly you stand on sublime morality" Holy Quran(68:4)
Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W) considers perfection of morals as a perfect expression of faith, He is quoted to have said:
"The faith of one who possesses decent morals is more complete."
Indeed, he deems morals as one of the prime targets for the human soul
Quran states to the Believers:
"...nor let some of you backbite others. Does one of you like to eat the flesh of his dead brothers? But you abhor it..." Holy Quran(49:12)
"Surely those who love to spread scandal about those who believe, they shall have a grievous punishment in this world and the Hereafter..." Holy Quran(24:19)
"And whoever commits a fault or a sin and throws it on one innocent, he indeed, takes upon himself the burden of a calumny and a manifest sin" Holy Quran(4:1)
"Allah does not like the public utterance of hurtful speech except by one who has been wronged..." Holy Qur'an(4:148)
"...and argue with them in the best of manner..." Holy Quran(16:125)
"Kind word and pardon are better than charity followed by injury..." Holy Quran(2:263)
"O you who believe render not your charities worthless by reproach and injury..." Holy Quran(2:264)
The Prophet once remarked: "Backbiting is worse than adultery." Asked to elaborate, he said: "The repentance of an adulterer may be accepted by Allah, but not the backbiter's unless he is forgiven by the one he had wronged".
"Turn to forgiveness and enjoin good and turn aside from the ignorant (7:199)".
"And if a false imputation from the Shaitan afflict you, seek refuge in Allah; surely He is Hearing, Knowing (7:200)".
"Those who spend (benevolently) in ease as well as in straightness, and those who restrain (their) anger and pardon men; and Allah loves the doers of good (to others) (3:!34)."
"Thus it is due to mercy from Allah that you deal with them gently, and had you been rough, hardhearted, they would certainly have dispersed from around you; pardon them therefore and ask pardon, for them, and take counsel with them in the affair: so when you have decided, then place your trust in Allah; surely Allah loves those who trust (3:159)".
The Messenger of Allah said: "The best deed before Allah is to pardon a person who has wronged you , to show affection for relatives who have broken ties with you, and to act generously towards a person who has deprived you ". Thereafter he recited the following holy verses:
"Turn to forgiveness and enjoin good and turn aside from ignorant (7; 199) ".
These verses clearly show that Allah asked the believers to treat their fellow human beings with merci and kindness!
Now your third question "provide/quote the sharia'h laws that supports your position that non-muslims have complete freedom to persue & enjoy their life, property & religion without any restrictions. Pls note: I am requesting the Islamic laws here, under #3."
Quran states!:
"God does not forbid you to act considerately or to act fairly towards those who have never fought you over religion nor have evicted you from your homes. God loves the fair minded. God only forbids you to be friendly with those who have fought you over religion and evicted you from your homes and who helped others in your eviction. Those who befriend them are wrongdoers." (60:8-9)
The words 'does not forbid you', are infact, in this context positive command ordering Muslims to deal with non-Muslims kindly and justly unless they are clearly out to destroy the Muslims. The best example of such treatment can be seen from the life of Prophet Muhammad (s.a.w.a.) himself who ordered theMuslim convert Asmah Abubakr to visit her non-Muslim mother and to treat her well as Asmah was under the misguided notion that she should not be friendly with her (the mother) after she had converted to Islam.
The fundamental rights of non-Muslims, according to the Shari'ah, are their protection from all external threats, their protection from internal tyranny and persecution and their right to their own personal law according to the teachings of their own religion.!
The Muslims are duty-bound to spare their hands and tongues from hurting the non-Muslim citizens. They must not keep enmity or hatred against them. Since Muslims believe that God hates tyrants and punishes them both in this world and the next, Prophet Muhammad (s.a.w.a.) himself warned Muslims against any high-handedness towards the non-Muslim citizens (called dhimmi in Arabic) - e.g. "One who hurts dhimmi hurts me, hurts God. also whosoever I am a complainant l shall ask for his right on the Day of Resurrection." !
A Muslim government also is responsible, according to the Shari'ah, to provide its citizens with such economic facilities as are necessary for the maintenance of human happiness and dignity. Therefore the affairs of the community must be arranged in such a way that every individual man and woman, Muslim and non-Muslim, shall enjoy that minimum of material well-being without which there can be no human dignity, no real freedom, and in the last resort no spiritual progress. This does not mean that the state should or ever could, ensure carefree living from its citizens. It does mean, however, that every citizen has:
a) The right to productive and remunerative work while of working age and in good health.
b) Training at the expense of the State, if necessary, for such productive work.
c) Free and efficient health services in case of illness.
d) Provision by the state of adequate nourishment, clothing and shelter in cases of disability resulting from illness, widowhood, unemployment due to circumstances beyond individual's control, old-age or under-age.
Now at the end, you also asked me to give examples of countries following these Rules and being a perfect Islamic country. I dont have much knowledge about laws in Muslim countires, but i hope they do follow the teachings of Islam. If i talk about Pakistan, which is my mother country, i dont see Pakistan following the Shari'ah, nor do i see the governemnt following other teachings of Islam concerning human rights, and same with Afghanistan. Im Afraid, but i really can't say anything on this issue because i lack knowledge about the way the muslims countries are running their governments.
I hope i did answer some of your questions. I tried my best, and WALLAH HI, my hand hurts so bad right now and i can't type anymore.
Khuda hafiz
and take care
Fe aman Ullah
Masooma