The basis for the majority of your substantiation is similar to a Mu’tazilis way of thinking and discourse. In other words you think you are referring to the Quran, but in fact you are appealing to your own reasoning and placing greater value in that.
There are plenty of Hadith that substantiate the views that are reflected in the aqeedah of the AhlusSunnah … I will refer to Al fiqh al Akbar and aqeedah at-Tahawiyya for my fuller response, inshaAllah …
To summarise what I am going to say is that I have not made up my beliefs like you claim I have …
These are established beliefs:
Isa(as) was taken to the skies as part of his ascension … He does not reside in the world now, but will reside in the world towards the End Times.
Muhammad (SAW) 's mi’raj was a reality and did occur that he (SAW) went to Jerusalem and Jannah, which in our frame of reference took merely a second.
Do these narrations mean that Allah is in Jannah? … No … That is an assertion you are making. Becoming close to Allah (SWT) is a reference to piety, and being distant from Allah is a reference to our acknowledgement that we are insignificant.
However this does not preclude that going upwards physically cannot be a means to symbolise the transition from the Earthly existence to another one. Rather in both cases of Isa (as) there were eye witnesses who saw him (AS) going upwards physically.
Also … The reference of going to Jerusalem in one night is Qur’anic, but going to the heavens is hadithic and if we can accept that Muhammad (SAW) can go to Jerusalem in less than a night by the Will of Allah then why not anywhere in the universe?
I’ll provide you my references but I can tell you for a fact that Muslims do not believe that Allah is everywhere, nor somewhere, and that going to heaven for Isa (AS) and Muhammad(SAW) are actual references and not metaphoric, but by going to heaven physically or in a manner that is suitable is symbolically the same as going to Allah (SWT) …
i.e. by being taken to the heavens they were honoured by Allah SWT.